This report examines the core elements defining organizational structure, including departmentalization, chain of command, work specialization, degree of formalization, span of control, and centralization/decentralization. It identifies key management theorists associated with these elements, such as Gulick, Urwick, Fayol, Adam Smith, and Graicunas, and uses Apple Inc. as a practical example to illustrate these concepts. The report also analyzes the contingencies influencing organizational structure, including strategy, technology, environment, and size, emphasizing how these factors shape a company's operations and competitive landscape. The analysis highlights Apple Inc.'s application of differentiation strategy, mass production technology, and its response to a dynamic market environment. The report is structured as a business report, including an executive summary, table of contents, section headings, and a reference list, adhering to the guidelines provided in the assignment brief. The structure is designed to provide a comprehensive overview of organizational structure, its key components, and the factors that influence its design and effectiveness.
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