Leadership and Management Analysis: British American Tobacco Report

This report provides an in-depth analysis of the organizational theory and practices employed by British American Tobacco (BAT). It begins by examining the management styles and principles utilized by CEO Jack, highlighting the adoption of a democratic management approach that emphasizes employee involvement, equity, and disciplined work practices. The report then explores the steps taken by BAT to achieve high performance, focusing on the impact of organizational culture on employee performance, including employee motivation, promotions, and a supportive work environment. The report also delves into the leadership styles prevalent within the company, comparing autocratic, democratic, authoritative, pacesetting, affiliative, and laissez-faire approaches. Furthermore, it investigates the effects of power, influence, and conflict within the organization, and discusses various types of motivation used to enhance employee performance. The report concludes with a literature review and recommendations for improving BAT's organizational strategies.

ORGANIZATION THEORY
AND PRACTICES

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
Question A.......................................................................................................................................3
Management style and principles of management used by CEO Jack of BAT...........................3
Management style-.....................................................................................................................3
Management Principles-...........................................................................................................4
Management Functions-............................................................................................................4
Question B.......................................................................................................................................5
Steps taken by organization to achieve high performance impact of organisational culture on
employee performance.................................................................................................................5
Question C: -....................................................................................................................................6
Leadership style of business: -.....................................................................................................6
Question D.......................................................................................................................................7
Effect of power, influence and conflict:......................................................................................7
Question E.......................................................................................................................................8
Type of motivation:.....................................................................................................................8
Question F........................................................................................................................................9
Literature review and example:...................................................................................................9
Question G.....................................................................................................................................10
Suggestion and recommendation:..............................................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Organization theory and practices refer ot the process of organization in which they make a lot of
practices and theory to change business and process of business to get the best result in market.
The organization theory and practices work in development of business and to enhance the
working of business in such a way that they get the goals and objective in developed and growth.
British American Tobacco are the multinational company who works in the manufacturing and
selling of Cigarettes and tobacco with other nicotine products. The company was founded by
James Buchanan Duke the first founder of company 118 years ago. The company was founded in
1902 and is working from that time. Company has seen a lot of ups and downs and is one of the
biggest manufacturers of Nicotine products and services in market (Foster, Min and Zickar,
2017). The report will help in understand of Organizations theory and practices with the
importance of motivation in business. It will also explain further in leadership of business which
company operates and the ways of leadership in market.
Question A
Management style and principles of management used by CEO Jack of BAT.
Management style-
Democratic management style is followed by CEO of Business American Tobacco.
Communication in this company flows from top to bottom and from bottom to top. The focus of
the company is to develop good manager-employee relations. Company includes employees in
the decision-making process. They believe that listening to employee’s views are the
fundamental. Company protect their employees by providing the surrounding which is safe to
work. Here employee ideas are encouraged. CEO of BAT focus that talent of the employees
should develop within. As a result, employees get the feeling of being valued which in result
increase productivity and motivation. Timely encouragement and rewarding of employees are
done and creating environment where teams can be successful. Company listens to every
employee which helps in making stronger and diverse team. CEO adopted democratic
management style so that he can get diverse opinions, ideas and skills in the decision-making
process (Uzohue, Yaya and Akintayo, 2016).
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Management Principles-
Equity- CEO of the company ensures that discrimination is not faced by any of the
employees by treating all employees respectfully and equally. Managers are also trained about
how to treat their subordinates so that they feel motivated.
Division of work- In this, work of the organization is divided into different departments which
provide specialization, speed and quality work.
Authority and responsibility- Company make sure that there is balance between authority and
responsibility. Authority ensures work efficiency and responsibility ensures to work responsible.
Discipline- Although company consider well-being of employee but at same time company
believes that maintaining discipline in the organization is the key to success. Good behaviour of
employees helps in building their career and also helps organization in smooth functioning.
Management Functions-
Planning- CEO of BAT make a plan in such a manner that company's objectives and goals
can be achieved. This involves delegating responsibilities to subordinates, considering their
views etc. Company ensures that communication gap between superior and subordinates should
not be there.
Organizing- Along with planning, organizing is also important for organization. This includes
keeping everything organized, establish internal structures to know which teams are good for
which specific task.
Staffing- It is very important which means putting right person on right job. Company ensures
that proper selection to training to personnel is given. Promotion and timely rewards are also
given to motivate the employees.
Directing- It deals with influencing, motivating and guiding subordinates for achieving goals.
Controlling- Here CEO checks and measures the actual performance, do comparisons and take
corrective actions.
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Question B
Steps taken by organization to achieve high performance impact of organisational culture on
employee performance
BAT achieved high performance by making sure that the products which they are making
is enjoyable and less risky for consumers. Company efficiently carried out their social
responsibility. Company meet consumer needs through innovation and grabbing new
opportunities in the market. BAT adopted such strategies that provide pleasure and increase
choice to the customers. They also ensure the corporate transparency. Company make sure that
every employee works effectively to reach towards company's goals and objectives (Lin and
Orvis, 2016). Company forecast and plan their strategy in such a manner so that they can
perform much better in the future. They manage their risks and competition effectively. By
following democratic leadership style where every employee is free to give his view and
opinions is also the growth factor. Company also have such team which is energetic and work
hard to give their best performances.
Organizational culture at BAT-
The culture is well shaped to achieve organizational goals and employees are motivated
to work hard to achieve company's objective. Working in BAT helps to achieve employees their
personal goals along with their professional goals. Company provides culture which is friendly
and healthy to work. Company ensures that they follow proper political, economic and labour
laws carefully and also makes sure that they are following all government rules and regulations.
BAT also give employment opportunities to the people in different sectors. BAT is having its
own unique culture. Timely research and development is done so that innovative products can
launched in the market. Company focus on innovation because they believe that innovation helps
them to survive long and will also help to stand out in the market (Petit and Aubry, 2016).
Impact of organizational culture on employees-
BAT helps employees to achieve its personal goals which results in increasing productivity.
Employees performance are the backbone of the organization which helps in the development of
the company. Promotions and rewards are given to the employees resulting in highly motivated
employees. Company has set proper guidelines for the employees which protects the rights of
employees. By sharing their views and opinions in the company employee increased their skills
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and also help company into innovation. Strong organizational culture leads to enhance the
productivity and confidence amongst the employees. Ease in the communication between all
employees which means no communication gap. Now conflicts are minimum and everyone is
focusing on task completion. Employees are satisfied because they know that their beliefs, values
and rights are protected here.
Question C: -
Leadership style of business: -
Autocratic style: Autocratic style of leadership refer to the leadership style which include the
working of leader as whatever the leader says the employee and people need to follow that. This
is a power style of leadership in which the leader of the British American Tobacco is
commanding the order and people are following the commands of leader and doing work
according to that.
Democratic style: Democratic style of leadership refer to the leadership style in which the leader
asks the employee as what they think of everything and also include the employee in decisions to
make the best use of resource and human resource to get the goals and objective. The leader
makes a good relation so that the working relation between the employee and management gets
improve and works good in better performance for the company (Xie and et.al., 2018).
Authoritative style: this leadership style involves the vision and leader see a vision and ask
every person to come and join the leader in there works as follow the leader in the objective. It is
one of the best ways of leadership in which the leader works the best with a vision and also
improve the relationship and working of the employee.
Pacesetting style: Pacesetting style is the way in which the leader asks to do as I do and it is one
of the indicative ways of leadership who utilise pacesetting style. In this the leader set a pace and
ask the employee. This is important as it keep the employee going on in the process and make
thing working regularly and develop the working to a great performance and results (Peker,
Inandi and Giliç, 2018).
Affiliative style: this style of leadership is being loved by the employees as the leader involve all
the people and thinks first about the people which make a great bond with the leader and
employee and increase a better performance for the British American Tobacco.
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Laissez-Faire style: this leadership style is opposite end of the autocratic style of leadership and
this involve the employees in a current way to perform and swim with the issues.
British American Tobacco needs a great leadership and the best leadership style for the company
are the Autocratic style of leadership as they are working in the tobacco industry and need a
power command on people to make sure everything works with guidelines and need a proper
process of working to develop the business in positive way and increase a great deal of working.
Question D
Effect of power, influence and conflict:
Power and influence works together as the company have a different way of working and when
the leader or the manager shows the power of the organization to make sure that the working of
the business gets improve and such command will help in the business development need to be
acknowledge by the employees. The power can influence the working in both the negative and
positive ways as it can help in the development and motivation of the employees working for the
British American Tobacco and works with better performance and result. On other hand it can
also lead to the process in which they can limit the working of the employee and demoralise
them with the power they have (Law and Chuah, 2016).
Effect of power: -
Power is important when working in tobacco industry as it need a great command in working of
people to achieve all the objective of the work. Leaders use their power command so that they
can make a good control on the business and the employees so that they can enhance working of
British American Tobacco.
Influence:
A good power and command can help in better performance of the employees and also helps
them in finding the best of their performance which is always benefit for the company and
company need to make sure that they command and use their power to make the employees
motivated towards the work so that they can provide the best of there performance for the
company and increase the profitability of business for a longer run.
Conflicts
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The conflicts which came due to the power in the busness and the commands which shows the
way of working can also make a negative impact on the working of employees in getting
demoralise towards there work. They need to perform the best and they also need to increase a
great motivation whih can be gone because of the power and strict working in the business by the
management towards there workers. British American Tobacco need to develop strategies to
understand the power and how much power is needed in the business to make it profitable for
them.
Question E
Type of motivation:
There are a lot of ways which help a company to get motivated and there are a lot of ways and
types of motivation in business. Here are some of the motivations ways as follows:
Extrinsic motivation: extrinsic motivation refers to the motivation process which comes from
outside us. Whenever an individual performs and action on the behaviour or that affect thee
external factors to a person. Extrinsic motivation refers to the motivation which comes from
outside, for example getting rewards for working better is one of the best examples of Extrinsic
motivation. Getting the rewards for the input you put in your work. British American Tobacco
provide a lot of opportunities for there workers and make a different way of working in which
they provide the rewards and other benefits to those employees who works great for the company
and they provide the with the out put in terms of rewards (NAGENDRA and FAROOQUI,
2016). This motivates other employees and people and they start working best and to get the best
rewards they perform with all the skills and knowledge they have with them and increase the
performance of the company for which company provide rewards. The example of Extrinsic
motivations is: - Money, Praise, competition and a threat of punishment.
Intrinsic Motivation: Intrinsic motivation is the motivation which a person got from internal
factors. It is a way of motivation which include the process of getting the best among others and
the motivation which make them keep going and getting new achievement in their work. The
factors which influence there internal emotional and needs which need to be fulfilled by them
helps in motivation to achieve something in life. Intrinsic approach of motivation is one of the
best ways of motivation to a person or employee of company as it comes naturally in them.
There are different needs and cause of the motivation in intrinsic as they can be according to the
company, process, working, need importance etc.
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British American Tobacco helps a lot in promoting their employees and gave them a lot of ways
to increase the motivation. They provide a lot of techniques to improve the working and develop
their process which help in the motivation of employee to work better and improve there
performance in the organization which is important for the company.
Question F
Literature review and example:
Accourding to the Al Khajeh(2018), Tesco is one of the best examples of working with
motivated employees and the way the company use all the factors and strategies to make sure
that the working of the business does not get affected with any reason and they Performa the best
to enhance the working of the busines. Tesco provide all the best strategies to increase the
performance and provide a good command with there leader in the process so that they can help
the company in better results through there employees who are getting a great work in company
product and services. According to Rahbi, Khalid and Khan(2017), They are helping the brand in
development and also keeping their professions ahead and making all the efforts to increase the
company in development and growth. Motivation is one of the best process to increase the
working of business as it will help in process of development. Every company use this to
increase their results and objectives so that they can see a great run in the market and great
business outcomes from the performance.
As per the view of Rhodes(2019), Working with autocratic is a tough process and this need a
proper vision and management to control the autocratic way of leadership in business. Tesco is
giving a great competition in market to there competitor with the working they are using in
management to increase the best of working in culture and power process so that they can
achieve all the goals and objective of business in their process of growth. This also take a lot in
improving the performance of people in business so that the input of the employee provides a
great output to the company and then the company is providing the benefits to them with rewards
and other deals including the promotion and development in growth of position in company.
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Question G
Suggestion and recommendation:
The British American Tobacco works in the tobacco industry which need a process where the
employee can be controlled and managed so that the process does not get affected due to
misunderstanding or other ways. This need to be measured by the company in proper
management and training within the company people and also management need to be improved
so that nothing can harm the company in any where in their process of dealing business.
Recommendation: -
 Company need to adapt some lenient process of working so that those employees who are
not getting the best of their performance and are not able to improve due to the power
nature of leadership in the business in Autocratic style of leadership British American
Tobacco are using.
 To develop the business in better opportunities they need to improve the process in which
they provide the training and development of the management staff so that they can
develop a better relationship with there employee and also make a good process in
working which will help in the development of process and performance of the employee
when working with good relationship with leaders.
 British American Tobacco should make new strategies in there business to develop there
working pattern and improve the motivation ways of there employees and they need to
make sure that all the employees who are working for the company is a part of the
company and are very important for them, they need to understand the importance of
there employees as they are putting all the efforts to improve the business of the company
and it is important for the company to make this happen.
 Company need to change a lot in there packaging and more in their advertisement. They
need to spend a lot in the product development and need to make a good marketing
strategy to get developed in the business (Navarro and et.al., 2020). For example, Tesco
is doing a great work in development of product and making a lot of investment in
advertisement process to make the product reach to maximum number.
 British American Tobacco need to change according to the trends of market as the trend
in market is of light cigrates and they need to cover that market to improve business.
They need to understand that market trends are very important when doing business as
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the sales and services are for the audience and product should be made according to the
audience only.
CONCLUSION
The report conclude that business theory and practices are important for business growth and
performance of business. It is important for them to develop the business with better
management and employees with a great leader who lead the team and make all the objectives
achieved by the business. The leadership is important in achieving the objective as it increases
the motivation among the employee and develop the trust and relation which helps in better
result for the business and better growth in business of company. The report further concludes
the recommendation for the process of motivation and leadership in business.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Al Khajeh, E.H., 2018. Impact of leadership styles on organizational performance. Journal of
Human Resources Management Research, 2018, pp.1-10.
Foster, G.C., Min, H. and Zickar, M.J., 2017. Review of item response theory practices in
organizational research: lessons learned and paths forward. Organizational
Research Methods. 20(3), pp.465-486.
Law, K. and Chuah, K.B., 2016. PAL Driven Organizational Learning: Theory and Practices.
SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PU.
Lin, Y. and Orvis, B., 2016. Principles of management efficiency and organizational
inefficiency. Kybernetes.
NAGENDRA, A. and FAROOQUI, S., 2016. ROLE OF LEADERSHIP STYLE ON
ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE. CLEAR International Journal of
Research in Commerce & Management. 7(4).
Navarro and et.al., 2020. Motivation of University Students Towards the Use of Information and
Communication Technologies and Their Relation to Learning
Styles. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning
(iJET). 15(15). pp.202-218.
Peker, S., Inandi, Y. and Giliç, F., 2018. The Relationship between Leadership Styles (Autocratic
and Democratic) of School Administrators and the Mobbing Teachers
Suffer. European Journal of Contemporary Education. 7(1). pp.150-164.
Petit, C. and Aubry, C., 2016. Typology of organic management styles in a cash-crop region
using a multi-criteria method. Organic Agriculture. 6(3). pp.155-169.
Rahbi, D.A., Khalid, K. and Khan, M., 2017. THE EFFECTS OF LEADERSHIP STYLES ON
TEAM MOTIVATION. Academy of Strategic Management Journal. 16(3).
Rhodes, C., 2019. Sense-ational organization theory! Practices of democratic
scriptology. Management Learning. 50(1). pp.24-37.
Uzohue, C.E., Yaya, J.A. and Akintayo, O.A., 2016. A review of leadership theories, principles,
styles and their relevance to management of health science libraries in
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Xie and et.al., 2018. Leadership style and innovation atmosphere in enterprises: An empirical
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