Orkney Island Network Design: High-Speed Internet Connection

This project presents a network design for Orkney Island, addressing the need for high-speed internet connectivity. It begins with an executive summary outlining the project's goals, which include designing a network infrastructure and hardware requirements for the island. The project analyzes the challenges of providing internet to the remote island, focusing on communication issues and the application of networking technology. It explores options for high-speed internet connections, including the SHEFA 2 model, considering the impact on tourism and fishing industries. The project provides a detailed cost analysis, comparing wired and wireless connections, and addresses the various infrastructure challenges. It covers network setup overviews, wireless networking diagrams, and discusses the use of optical cables, underground cables, and overhead cables. The project also considers the costs, security, and practicalities of underwater cabling, satellite connections, and LTE networks, offering insights into the complexities of network design for an island environment.

Executive Summary
In this project, a network infrastructure is going to be designed for the Orkney Island. The network
design and the hardware requirements are initially planned out in order to carry out a small
configuration set up. The network design requirements are initially identified and sorted out
according to the island infrastructure. The network is set up for small configuration according to the
Island need, hence LAN has been installed. The cost of cables and labour charges, wireless LAN has
been used in the network set up. The wireless LAN is secured is less expensive comparatively. Also
for the guest control access a separate tunnelling path has been created for the Island and
connected along the server.
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Contents
Contents................................................................................................................................................3
Introduction...........................................................................................................................................4
Explain the options available to Orkney Island council in terms of high speed internet connection for
northerly islands: North Ronaldsay.......................................................................................................4
Discuss the technologies available in order to obtain reliable and high-speed Internet connections
within the island....................................................................................................................................8
Consider the problems connected with the location and how technology play important role to
resolve those problems.........................................................................................................................9
Make recommendations for technologies to use for setting up Internet connections to all the
premises on this island........................................................................................................................11
Conclusion...........................................................................................................................................12
References...........................................................................................................................................13

Introduction
The network design set up for the Orkney Island has been configured. The configuration process
requires identifying the key aspects of networking in the form of its fundamental concepts. Also the
current trends in the networking infrastructure have been discussed in order to obtain the best
result within the span of time. The people living across the Island are facing severe communication
lag issues .These issue are to be resolved with the current application of networking technology.
These will certainly resolve the communication issues faced by the remote Island and thereby the
People living within are able to connect with the global communication via internet.
Explain the options available to Orkney Island council in terms of high speed internet connection
for northerly islands: North Ronaldsay
The SHEFA 2 is the best model communication system for the above discussed island internet
connection. The main part of the island is the depends on the tourism as their main money. The next
one is the fishing as the life habitat. The design of the system must not effect the fishing and the
tourism also. Hence both the things were kept in the mind during the design of the internet
connection establishment for the island.
MODEL OF THE ISLAND

This is the abstract idea of the island connection. Given that the island is 10 miles away from the
Scotland to the northeast.
Given the total population is 20000, in which the mainland has 15000. It contains 2 areas namely
Kirkwall and storminess with the population of 8500 and 2200 respectively. There are total of 70
islands with 20 inhabitant and area of 990 KM2
Internet connections model and internet establishment in island

Initially the data is obtained from the satellite. Then it is received or transmitted to the base station
or the satellite. Then the base station is connected to the other devices for the data establishments.
Fundamental internet connection
Each of the islands are connected with the ground station s in 2 possible ways. One is wired and the
other is wireless. The wired connection is with islands. The wireless in case of failure in the wireless
data.

The wireless data communication is done with the usage of antennas. The transmitters and receivers
will be used. Similarly the Wired connection also will be used in all the possible ways.
COST ANALYSIS
There are 70 islands
On an average one base station is required per island. Each base station has 2 antennas. This has one
receiver and one transmitter. Total 140 antennas. The ground station is connected with islands and
hence atleast 100 internet connecting cables are required.
Then the each antenna is $40,
each connector is $10,
Connecting device per base station $15
Total antennas= 140, 140*40= $5600
Connectors= 100, 100*10=$1000,
Connecting device per house (Assume 5000 families)=5000, 5000*15=$75000
Other charges=$10000
Total charges will be $91000
There are many connectivity problems in the island based internet. The set of rules and the
architecture must be different for this method. So this will be a very costly matter. Generally, in the
ground-based connections of the internet, it is default connections. But the scenario within the
Island is not the same in terms of infrastructure (Chenoweth, Robert & Sharon, 2010). The protocols
and the connections are different. One should take proper care in all the aspects before making the
internet connections within the island. Literal series of tubes like sections are an integral part of the
island section. The antenna systems are used for the connection. The wired system cannot be done
on the island as the connectivity is not possible. Hence one must always think of the alternative
plans. The island to the ground or the island to satellite connection is must for the data transmission
and the internet connectivity in the island based system. If the land is near to the island then we
establish the data connection between the land antenna and the island antenna. The second
method is to establish a connection between the satellite and the island antenna. The conditions will
decide the antenna systems to adopt. One must calculate all the antenna designing factors for the
island internet connectivity. The one more problem in this aspect is power on the island. If there is
no power to supply antennas like transmitters and the receivers, this leads to new problems.

Network set up overview
Source: Chenoweth, T Robert, M & Sharon, T 2010, “Wireless Insecurity: Examining User Security
Behavior on Public Networks”, Communications of the ACM, 53(2): 134-138.
Network Infrastructure
The power problems have to be sorted out before establishing the antenna setups. The physical
infrastructure is the first key aspect to be resolved. The basic physical requirements are the
computers, servers, cables, antennas and other electrical equipment like routers, switches. The
down cables using optical fibers are connecting one network to another network. The use of optical
cables on the island is necessary for high-speed data transmission. If antennas are used then the
data rates might reduce. Hence one must always prefer the optical cables on the island for higher
data transmission (Alabady, 2008). The antennas are a wireless connection and hence the data rate
through the air may not be as speedy as data rates with the optical cables. Hence the down cable
network is a really important aspect of the island internet connection.
Underground networks with pipes are also the alternate idea for the ground cables. There are two
types here. The underground cables from island to land are the first case. But in this case, there are
many restrictions. The water area must not have ships or boats which disturb the pipelines. The
second case is that the underground cables inside the island. So this case is not at all a problem. The
second case is preferred here for high data transmission. The overhead cables are mostly possible
inside the island. The short distance island to land also can become under this category but it is not
possible in all cases. Hence the overhead cables are always necessary for the data transmission
inside the island (Kumar, 2010). The bunch of islands can be hooked up in some cases. In this case
primary, one island is established with the full internet connection. Once it is established then the
other islands are connected with the base stations on each island.

Wireless Networking Diagram
Source: Schmidt, A & Lian, S 2009, Security and Privacy in Mobile Information and Communication
Systems, Springer, Boston.
Wireless Network Infrastructure
The main island will have the master station and the other-other island will communicate among
others with the help of base stations. The underwater cabling also one of the best technical between
the islands. The island is connected with the master station and a base station through the
underwater cables. The two-pronged method is newly implementing in the island. Here the two
approach method is used. They used two different methods to obtain the same result. The two
methods are antenna and antenna based connection between the land and the island or the cable
and cable connection. Care must be taken such that the cables must not unfurl the cables. This is
biggest problems in the island internet connections.
These cables must be in very depth and the care must be taken in all the cases such that the quality
of the cables is not disturbed. The system of this internet is really a costly affair. So the cost factor is

an important point of concern. The other big problem with this kind of structures is the estimations.
The estimations are really hard for the island internet, because of the wide variety of plans and the
structures (Singh, 2009). It changes from time to time and from place to place. Hence the
estimations must be clear with all the structures to be implemented. There are many variables in the
internet connection establishments. This leads to further more complex problems. The different
variables like cable length, cable depth, cable quality, cable width, cable color, types of cables,
antennas, connectors, data rate, routers, gateways etc. With the selection of all these kinds, one
need to select the variables. The technology for the different land slopes will be varied from place to
place. The land system of the internet is the basic one. From the land system reference model, all
the other models are done. The terrain internet can be used with top wires along the poles. These
wires can be connected to the end users with the help of poles. If the terrain is so big then the wire
system may not be helpful. So then antennas come into the action. The antennas from the ground to
the terrain are applied. Both of them will communicate in the full duplex mode. The cables must be
of high quality which gives the best life for the island system. If the cables are not good there will be
continuous problems in the system connections. The regular data flow is necessary for the system.
Hence one must use good internet cables. Some of the best quality internet cables are listed below.
The basic cables are twisted pair of cables, untwisted pair of cables, Foiled twisted pair of cables,
shielded twisted pair of cables, shielded twisted pair of cables. The cables expansion is very tough
job, takes more time and work. It is also a expensive process. It is also not safe because many sea
animals like will try to eat the cables. Hence it is not easy to meet the application exactly
(Downes, Rad & Aghajan, 2006). The ship anchors will cause the maximum damage to the internet
cables in the sea. It is also difficult from protecting the internet cables from the ships and boats
anchors. As the project is costlier it requires hundreds of thousands of money. One must prepare
for the cost. In one way the submarine cables are very fast in the data transmission when
compared with the satellite connection. In this method the data security is so high that the cyber
wars are not possible.
The only possible way to disturb is to cut the cables. Repairing the underwater cables is not an
easy task always a tedious job is present in it. These cables run on the floor of the sea. These
cables are so long that they connect the continents. The internet connection which uses satellite
signals may not be worth the wiring. The internet of the independent type is required. Since the
high security and data rates are necessary in the system. LTE network based systems can also used
in this case of networks for the data establishment. The landside or the land-based countries will
never face these difficulties but the models will help to deal with the island countries ( Zheng, 2009).
It has become the basic human right to provide the internet to everyone. The revenue to the

companies based on the telecom and internet is good and hence many companies are eying to make
an impact on the island based countries for the internet connection establishment. Not only the
island based companies but also the poor countries also required internet connection for the
development in many ways. The data connection establishments are done in many ways but the
piggybacking method will come in handy in the island based countries. Radio line will be help inland
side only, but the microwave connection only can be done on the island based countries.
The fiber optical cables in this system are very thick in the size of the arm. Hence the wires are
estimated as very high cost and also very high quality. Geostationary satellites also used for the data
transmission. As mentioned above the data transmission needs the microwave and the satellite
connections. In this case the island be protected from the various radiation effects. The wire
connections will consume high power because they must need power to transmit the data. The
solution to reduce the power consumption is to switch to wifi and the cellular based networks. The
cellular connections are generally lower power communication system. Basically it has two ratings.
One is based on the internet speed and other is the people served per unit time. Both are very
important parameters.
Discuss the technologies available in order to obtain reliable and high-speed Internet connections
within the island.
Wireless Technology

Source: Schmidt, A & Lian, S 2009, Security and Privacy in Mobile Information and Communication
Systems, Springer, Boston.
Some of the high-speed internet connectivity is discussed below for the island based model. The
primary model is the submarine-based fibre optic cables. The optical cables are connected from
continent through the oceans and the seas. The only problem with one is the matter of cost. The
ocean connecting cable models also useful for the island based internet connection. The submarine
cables are so costly and they are also not available in all places, they must be designed in some
cases. The designs are based on the ocean floor and the salinity of sea. The cables must be
waterproof and must come into working for as many days as possible. The connectors of this cables
are not easily available. The connectors must be designed for the sea water. Many connectors are
spoiled due to the salty nature of the sea. It also needs to check the salt reliability. The length of the
cables are not same in all cases and are limited. The limited cables must be joined from one cable to
another cable. Hence the above connectors must be employed here for the wire. One electronic
circuit also included in the wires for the studying the connectivity. These electronic circuits not only
help to know the connection status of the wire but also the data rates of the system. The electronic
circuits will help the connecting model types. The one to one and four to four cables are the most
common type of cables used in the sea cable network. The microwave connection is the best-known
internet connection, model (Esteve & Esteve, 2010). The microwave communication systems use the
microwave devices. But the cable for this microwave system is also special kind. The resonance must
also match in the microwave communication. The load miss match will cause many problems. The
load has to match the microwave devices so that the maximum power is transferred. The
microwaves use the chain of the microwave links. These links must be connected with care. If one
link is gone then the rest of the communication is lost. And hence the total system must be carefully
designed. Basically, the microwaves use the satellite links sometimes. The satellite connection of
data requires high-end and costly equipment. This is not feasible in all cases. But one can ensure the
data quality in the system and the data continuity also will be ensured.
Consider the problems connected with the location and how technology play important role to
resolve those problems.
The Broadband is one of the fast and the reliable data connection system. The basic models of the
broadband are the operator’s business model. This is a default model for the data transmission. It
has packing based model and subscription model. This has one broadband connection and one wifi
LAN router. The next one is the collaborative message application. Basically, this has the email,
calendar and other storage application. This has very high speed when compared with the other type