Orthodontic Treatments: Procedures, Equipment, and Instructions

This assignment comprehensively covers various aspects of orthodontic treatments. It begins by explaining the different types of treatments available, including fixed and removable braces, headgear, and functional appliances. The assignment then details the equipment, instruments, and materials used during fitting, monitoring, and adjusting both fixed and removable orthodontic appliances, and clarifies the role of the dental professional throughout these stages. Furthermore, it provides a clear explanation of the classifications of malocclusion, including Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusion. Finally, the assignment outlines crucial pre-operative and post-operative instructions for orthodontic procedures, ensuring patients are well-informed about their treatment and aftercare. The assignment also explains the use of equipment and materials on the prosthesis construction such as wax occlusal rims, pink wax, heat source, markers, shade guides, mould guides, occlusal registration, material, articulating paper and hand mirror.

Task 1
1. DN9 4.2, DN13 3.2
Explain the range of orthodontic treatments available.
There are four main types of orthodontic treatments available such as:
Fixed braces: Fixed braces are non-removable braces which are made up of brackets which are glued
with each tooth and are linked with wires. Fixed braces are usually made up of metal, which may be
noticeable on the front of the teeth. A person wearing a fixed brace should avoid certain drinks and
food for example hard sweets, toffee, fizzy drinks which may damage the braces on the teeth.
Removable braces: Removable braces are usually plastic plates which cover the roof of the mouth
but are clipped on to some teeth. Such braces can carry out very low tooth movements.
Headgear: It is not an orthodontic appliance but can be used with other appliance this appliance is
usually worn at night.
Functional appliance: These are the pair of removable plastic braces which are joined together in
order to fit on upper and lower teeth.
2. DN 9 4.3, DN13 3.4
Explain the equipment, instruments and materials which are used in the stages of fixed and
removable orthodontic treatments and explain your role throughout the stages.
Fitting: The parts which are used during fitting an appliance are, A mirror, probe, cotton pillars, floss,
elastic separators, separating pilers and air water syringe. With the help these equipments braces
can be fitted on the teeth.
Monitoring: A mirror, a probe, band pusher, a cotton rolls, a saliva ejector and a bite stick. These
instruments will help in monitoring the effect of braces and check their position.
Adjusting: A mirror, a probe, cotton pilers, air water syringe tip, saliva ejector, pumice, high volume
suction, brackets, a bracket holder, slow speed handpiece distal cutter, eth and bond and a
composite material. These instruments will help in adjusting the braces on the teeth.

3. DN13 3.1
Explain the classifications of malocclusion
Malocclusion can simply be defined as misalignment or incorrect relation between the teeth of two
dental arches typically when they approach each other when the jaw closes. It can be classified in to
three classes such as:
Class I-Neutrocclusion: In the class the molar relationship of occlusion is normal but the upper teeth
may overlap bottom teeth but the bite remains normal, it also results in the minor crowding or
spacing issues.
Class II-Distocclusion: it is the situation in which the mesiobuccal cusp of upper first molar is not
aligned properly with the mesiobuccal groove of the lower first molar. Mesiobuccal cusp usually
rests in between first mandibular molars and second premolars.
Class III-Mesiocclusion: In such case upper molars are placed not in the mesiobuccal groove but
posteriorly to it. It is usually seen when lower front teeth are more prominent than upper front
teeth
4. DN13 3.3
What pre and post operative instruction would you give for orthodontic procedures?
Pre and post operative instructions that can be given are as follows:

Pre operative instructions
 No food or drink for at least 6 hours before an appointment
 Wear loose and comfortable clothing
 Need to inform a team in case of recent illness
 Information about change in medication
 Use rest room before an appointment
 Brush the teeth vigorously before leaving for appointment
Post-operative instructions
 swelling may occur for 2-3 days of post operation
 Some minor bleeding may occur following the surgery.
 Do not eat solid food at least for 5 days
 Continue to use anti-bacterial rinses.
1. DN9 LO1 range 3a-I LO4 range 1abefk
Explain the use of each one of the following equipment and materials on the prosthesis
construction:
Wax occlusal rims: it is used for recording the relation of maxilla to the mandible and is used for
positioning teeth.
Pink wax: Pin wax is used for making extremely accurate impressions and bite registrations of teeth.
Heat source: It helps in providing the heat to the wax in order to melt wax which is approximately
140 degree F.
Markers: Markers are used for establishing baseline oral health and to guide the dental hygienist in
order to determine the oral hygiene instructions.

Shade guides: Shade guide helps in determining the shade of tooth accurately.
Mould guides: Mould guide helps in providing an ideal tooth solution for the patients by selecting
suitable tooth for a patient
Occlusal registration: It is the recording of jaw relationship in the centric and functional vertical
dimension.
Material: Material are specially fabricated materials which are used for the purpose of dentistry.
Articulating paper: It is a diagnostic tool which is used to highlight occlusal contacts and distribution
of occlusal forces.
Hand mirror: Hand mirrors are the mirrors which are used dental clinics which have handle in order
to help patients to view dental results.