Report on Orthodontic Treatment: Appliances, Malocclusion, and Care

This report provides a comprehensive overview of orthodontic treatment, detailing the various types of appliances available, including fixed and removable options, as well as retainers and orthognathic treatments. It explores the materials and instruments used in orthodontic procedures, such as straight probes, cotton pliers, wire cutters, and band pushers. The report classifies malocclusion into three types (Class 1, 2, and 3) based on the sagittal relationship between teeth and jaws. Furthermore, it outlines pre- and post-operative instructions for patients, emphasizing the importance of dietary restrictions and oral hygiene. Finally, the report discusses the uses of various equipments like wax occlusal rims, heat sources, and shade guides, which are essential in treatment planning and execution. The report concludes by summarizing the key aspects of orthodontic treatment, highlighting the significance of proper alignment and the importance of following instructions for optimal outcomes.

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
Range of orthodontic treatment available...................................................................................1
Materials and instruments used in orthodontic treatment...........................................................1
Classifications of malocclusion...................................................................................................2
Pre and post operative instructions.............................................................................................2
Uses of equipments....................................................................................................................2
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................3
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................4

INTRODUCTION
Orthodontic treatment is a type of treatment in which way of moving or straightening
teeth, that improves appearance of teeth and their work. It improves long- term health of gum,
jaw joints and teeth by spreading biting pressure over all teeth (Agostino and et. al., 2014).
TASK 1
Range of orthodontic treatment available
There are devices used to create force onto teeth to straighten or for correction of bite.
Some of popular orthodontic appliances are:
Fixed appliances: It is the most popular and more used appliances type of orthodontic.
Ranges are ceramic, metal and lingual braces.
Removable appliances: It include functional and removable aligners appliances and
simple conventional types.
Retainers: In this case these appliance do not move teeth. It is essential in case which
prevent teeth moving after removing braces.
Orthognathic treatment: A type of operation which include lower, upper and both jaws
of a person who has big discrepancy between jaws.
Materials and instruments used in orthodontic treatment
For orthodontic treatment many instruments used. Knowledge and use of instrument is
important for dental students and orthodontics. Instruments are given below:
Straight probe: It includes orthodontic brackets poisoning. And also helps to remove
elastomeric ligatures from brackets.
Cotton pliers: Cotton rolls are used for isolation and for retrieval of tiny objects intra-
orally.
Wire cutter: it has two narrow beaks which has pointed cutting terminal ends. It is used
for cutting tiny diameters wires.
Distal end cutters: It is used to cut intra oral terminal ends of ligated arch wire.
Band pusher: A long handled instrument which has angled rectangular saw-toothed like
tip and used to positioning and fitting orthodontic band on tooth (Bellot-Arcísn and et. al., 2012).
Bracket tweezer: A holder used to place and hold orthodontic brackets.
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Classifications of malocclusion
It is a misalignment of tooth on jaw or incorrect relation of teeth of two dental arches,
they approach each other in such way that jaws close (Doshi-Mehta and Bhad-Patil, 2012).
Based on sagittal relation between teeth and jaws, malocclusion is divided into three types:
Class 1: Neutrocclusion
Molar relationship of occlusion is normal but other teeth can suffer with problems like crowding,
under or over eruption, spacing.
Class 2: Distocclusion
Mesiobuccal cusp of upper molar is not properly arranged with mesiobuccal groove of lower first
molar.
Class 3: Mesiocclusion
Upper molars are not placed in mesiobuccal groove but placed posteriorly to it. In this case
patient has short maxillary bone or large mandible.
Pre and post operative instructions
Instructions are essential for orthodontic treatment
Pre operative:
 An individual can not drink or eat six hours before appointment.
 A person can not operate and drive any kind of machinery for 24 hours including
anaesthesia.
 Teeth ache can be happen but it is temporary.
Post operative instruction:
 Taking care of teeth is important.
 Antibacterial rinses can be used but surgical site should be avoided.
 One can not eat solid food. Stick to smoothies, soft food, soups can be consumed.
Uses of equipments
Knowing use of equipments are necessary. Uses of equipments are given below:
 Wax occlusal rims are used in constructing maxillomandibular relationship records and
also for arrangement of teeth.
 Pink wax render help to protect gum and helps in lining lips and cheeks by providing
comfortable barrier from wire's sharp ends and sharp appliances parts (Hoogeveen
Jansma and Ren, 2014).
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 Heat source can be used in welding and soldering in orthodontics treatment.
 Markers are used to predict susceptible patient whether receiving orthodontic treatment.
 Shade guides used to reflect and transmit colours and diffuse light transmission of tooth-
coloured brackets.
 Mould guides are used to prepare treatment plan.
 Occlusal registration material is developed to overcome drawbacks of wax.
 Articulating paper is used to indicate spots present on tooth which come into premature
contact opposing dentition.
 Hand mirror used to retract tissues like cheeks or tongue.
CONCLUSION
Orthodontic treatment is used to straighten teeth and align misplaced tooth. The different
equipments are used in orthodectic treatment. Malocclusion is misalignment of teeth in jaws. It is
classified into three classes. There are pre and post operative instruction for orthodontic
treatment which should be followed.
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REFERENCES
Books and journals
Agostino, P. and et. al., 2014. Orthodontic treatment for posterior crossbites. Cochrane Database
of Systematic Reviews, (8).
Bellot-Arcís, C. and et. al., 2012. Orthodontic treatment need in a Spanish young adult
population. Medicina oral, patología oral y cirugía bucal. 17(4). p.e638.
Doshi-Mehta, G. and Bhad-Patil, W. A., 2012. Efficacy of low-intensity laser therapy in reducing
treatment time and orthodontic pain: a clinical investigation. American Journal of
Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 141(3). pp.289-297.
Hoogeveen, E. J., Jansma, J. and Ren, Y., 2014. Surgically facilitated orthodontic treatment: a
systematic review. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics.
145(4). pp.S51-S64.
Julien, K. C., Buschang, P. H. and Campbell, P. M., 2013. Prevalence of white spot lesion
formation during orthodontic treatment. The Angle Orthodontist. 83(4). pp.641-647.
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