OSI and TCP/IP Models: A Comparative Analysis - MITS4004 Assignment 1

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MITS4004
ASSIGNMENT 1

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1
OSI refers to open source interconnection model allow for sharing of information in between two
hosts. It is of seven-layer model.
The list of OSI model layers are as follows:
 Application OSI Model Layer
 Transport OSI Model Layer
 Network OSI Model Layer
 Data Link OSI Model Layer
 Physical OSI Model Layer
 Presentation OSI Model Layer
 Session OSI Model Layer (Sova, 2016)
TCP/IP- This suite has been derived from open source interconnection model layers. It consists
mainly of five layers. So the list of TCP/IP protocols:
 Network
 Data Link
 Physical
 Application
 Transport (Cariou, 2018)
2
The layer of the given open source interconnection could relate with TCP/IP layers in the
following ways
a. Originally TCP/IP Protocol suite has been derived from OSI Models. Means OSI layers have
been discovered at first.

b. Here the OSI layer didn’t exactly correlate with the TCP/IP suite layers. Since the OSI has 7
layers 7 whereas the TCP/IP protocol suite has only 5. So the function of the OSI model layer
has been occurring in the first three top layers called application layer, presentation layer and
session layer which could be correlated with the 5 layers of TCP/IP protocol suite.
c. Correlation between OSI model layers and TCP/IP Layer could be perfectly done on time
communication over a network.
3
Protocol Suites Network support layers are as follows:
 Layers like physical layer, data link TCP/IP protocol suite, and network TCP/IP protocol
suite come in network support layer category.
The TCP/IP suite layers which come within category of user support layers are as follows:
 Application layer which comes at position 5 is a user support
4
Data encapsulation is also known as hiding of data which could be done by performing some
restricted set of operation for the member of the network who is not authorized to access some
viable messages. In the OSI model layer, each layer asks for a message from the lower layer and
that lower layer encapsulate the messages in of higher layer. While within the TCP/IP layer, this
work is being done by the segment and packets (Ahuja, 2019).
5
Data link layer allows getting a message from one source to another source in the same network
where the responsibility of this layer is:
 It allows moving a message from one system to another.
 Control the mechanism by which the message sent over the network.
 It also converts and organizes bits which are the very small size in the messages (He, 2018).
The other responsibilities are:

 MAC control means controlling is completing by the data link layer and decides when which
type of computer will communicate.
 It has also the capability of detection and correction of error control
6
Network Layer
This allows delivery for a message from source to destination.
 Here the network layer delivers a packet from one source host to the destination host.
 There should be a logical addressing system to make different in between source and
destination while a packet is being sent from source host to destination host. During delivery
of packets, it adds a header to the packet which consists IP.
 It also allows for routing means when an independent source hosting means logical
identification of sender and receiver interconnect to formulate a larger network then the
device which is being connected route the packet to the final destination host (Shi, 2016).
Transport
This allows for delivery of a message from process to process for entire messages
 Here the packets also known as segments communicate with each other in a network using a
logical process to process way.
 It relays over the network layer for the management of communication which is done in
between two or more hosts.
7
Because the router in between the links is not so perfect and with the use of transport layer
protect flips. The other reason for using a mechanism near the transport layer is TCP checksum.
To be honest, it is quite pathetic. So to be careful with the data and its integrity have to use TLS
or other so to transform checksum into the cryptographic format.

8
The network layer is actually a layer where the logical address means IP address works. Since it
is the 3rd from bottom and responsible for the routing of packet means a moving packet into the
whole network by using a suitable path. It is also responsible for addressing the messages and as
well as translation of logical IP address into the MAC address (Noh, 2015).
9
The transport layer is an OSI open system interconnection model layer that is responsible for
communication in the network from end to end. Transport layer offers to provide logical based
communication in between system which runs on a different source of the host. It is also
responsible for the management of correction of an error, making improvement in quality and as
well as for reliability to user management. It enables a user on the first host to send a message
and receive a message along with the correction of packets or messages.
10
The difference in between a port address, logical address and a physical address is as follows:
Port Address
There are several types of application or program or devices runs on a computer system. Each
application or devices run using a specific port number called the logical number on the
computer system. The port number of the application is being decided by the kernel of the
operating system.
Logical address
A logical address of a system is actually an IP address which is unique for each of the devices.
This address is being generated by help of identification number of NET and Model. This
address could be changed by hosting service provider.
Physical Address
It is fixed for an application by which two or more system connects with the cable to each other
physically. The address of system sometimes also refers to MAC address. This address can’t be

changed by the user and can only assign by the manufacturer of the device. The physical address
of the card is being used by data link layer (Rajan, 2017).
11
The application layer works on standard internet services which can be used by anyone. The list
of services, i.e. provided by application layer is as follows:
 Network standard TCP/IP services like telnet commands and FTP.
 UNIX command like “r”. For example, log in.
 Domain name services
 Directory services
 Network-oriented services like management of SNMP (Shang, 2016)
12
The advantage of combining three different layers into one single layer of TCP/IP is as follows:
 By making a combination of all the given layers of OSI model make one single layer which
is useful in functionality understanding at this layer.
 When a number of layers decreased the bandwidth of the network will be increased.
 By combining these layer network functionality would be enhanced and increased because
instead of three layers, there is a single layer in TCP/IP suite (Gomez, 2018).

References
Ahuja, R.P.S. and Nedbal, M., ShieldX Networks Inc, 2019. Channel data encapsulation system
and method for use with client-server data channels. U.S. Patent Application 16/163,977.
Cariou, L., Alpert, Y., Sadeghi, B., Cordeiro, C. and Stacey, R., Intel IP Corp, 2018. Multiband
aggregation data encapsulation. U.S. Patent Application 15/392,575.
Gomez, C., Arcia-Moret, A. and Crowcroft, J., 2018. TCP in the Internet of Things: from
ostracism to prominence. IEEE Internet Computing, 22(1), pp.29-41.
He, L., Shellhammer, S.J. and Abraham, S., Qualcomm Inc, 2018. Data link layer protocols for
body area network. U.S. Patent Application 15/682,152.
Noh, H., Hong, S. and Han, B., 2015. Learning deconvolution network for semantic
segmentation. In Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on computer vision (pp.
1520-1528).
Rajan, S.N., Schakel, K.R., Smith, M.J.S., Wang, D.T. and Weber, F.D., Google Inc,
2017. Translating an address associated with a command communicated between a system and
memory circuits. U.S. Patent 9,632,929.
Shang, W., Yu, Y., Droms, R. and Zhang, L., 2016. Challenges in IoT networking via TCP/IP
architecture. NDN, Technical Report NDN-0038.
Shi, W., Caballero, J., Theis, L., Huszar, F., Aitken, A., Ledig, C. and Wang, Z., 2016. Is the
deconvolution layer the same as a convolutional layer?. arXiv preprint arXiv:1609.07009.
Sova, O.Y., Romanyuk, V.A., Romanyuk, A.V., Lysenko, O.I. and Uryadnikova, I.V., 2016.
Hierarchical model of decision acceptance in intelligent manet control system. Science &
Military, Armed Forces Academy of General Milan Rastislav Stefanik, Liptovskiy Mikulas, (1),
pp.14-20.