Network Design and Protocols: OSI Model, TCP/IP, ARP, and Subnetting

This assignment delves into network protocols, focusing on the OSI model, TCP/IP, and Address Resolution Protocol (ARP). It explains the OSI model's layered approach to network communication, contrasting it with TCP/IP's horizontal structure. The role of ARP in mapping IP addresses to hardware addresses is detailed, along with the function of ARP caches. A significant portion of the assignment is dedicated to network design, discussing the importance of a well-planned network infrastructure and the selection of appropriate network devices like computers, routers, hubs, and switches. It addresses IP addressing, subnetting, and the impact of exceeding host limits on network performance, proposing solutions like implementing additional networks. Star topology is mentioned as the implemented network design. The assignment concludes by referencing APA style, though there are no in-text citations in the main body.

Question 1
OSI model is protocol that is autonomous and modernized, categorized as a communication gateway or
message between the system and end customer it has a vertical approach and ensures delivery of
packets in a network. While TCP relies upon standard processes around which the Internet is
created(Bedaride,2013). It is a communication convention which grants relationship of hosts over a
network framework or a system. With this no assurance of packet conveyance and has an approach
which is horizontal.
OSI model is mostly used with describing networks since it provides deep descriptions of layers within
the network.
Question 3.
Address Resolution Protocol is a protocol used by the Internet address Protocol (IP) mainly IPv4, to plot
and sort out addresses to equipment’s that have tendency to be used by a data interface convention.
(Chen,2009)The convection works underneath the network framework layer as a touch of the interface
between the OSI framework and OSI associate layer. It is used when IPv4 is used over Ethernet MAC.
Arp cache - is a store for data that is used to connect an IP convey to a MAC address for a physical
machine or a device in a close-by network framework. The ARP store can store data for both remote
and LAN connection, and routes packets to endpoints.
Question 4
a.
introduction
The growing interest for advanced network system has made network scientists to design and organize
models fit high gauge of organized structures to end customers. The network framework establishment
setup ends up essential part for a few IT association late layers.(Cho,2008) A critical system plan or
network design thought for organization will be modernized to help future developments; solid and
adaptable systems. This needs the planner to prioritize the users with one kind of circumstance, mainly
the current innovation, invention ,application, and information engineering.
Design
The design of the network is very similar internet routing works message is split into packets that are
transferred within the network devices. (Fall,2011)There are different types of protocols that will be
labeled to different types of the network devices such that they can be uniquely identified or
differentiate from each at each network other within the network. The different types of network
devices that will be implemented in the network include computers, routers, hubs and switches. In the
network there will be different type of work station and each work station can have different network
topology. The most suitable topology is to be chosen among the many topologies.

IP addresses
In the network the IP address 10.0.0.0. (Fall, 2010) All the devices in the network communicate through
the address since it uniquely identifies each device node within the network. The IP addresses are
assigned to each subnet which then divides to each other within the network has shown in the diagram
below.
Subnets
The subnet is applied in the network to logically define both the host and the network that the host
belongs.(Rouhani,2010) The subnets will be applied to each workstation within the network. They are
used to determine the size of the network. They are used to yield lot of the addresses in the network. In
this case the subnet masks work by applying AND logic to the 32 bit IP number.
Network design topology.
Many system configuration devices and methodologies being used in the present takes after the draw
an obvious conclusion amusement that a few of us played as kids. These instruments will put inter
networking devices on a palette and enable them communicate with neighborhood (LAN) or wide-
territory arrange (WAN) media on the network. (Stallings,2008) The important part with this procedure
is that it will skirts the methods for dismembering customer's necessities and choosing gadgets in media
in the perspective of those essentials. The star topology was implemented in the network design since it
is simple and allows connection of many devices to together. The routers in this network will also enable
faster transfer of packets between each network device in the network.
(b).
When the number of hosts exceed 1024, broadcast traffic will likely significantly affect the network to a
point of almost crippling the network. (Wang,2010) The broadcast domain is the network. A host refers
to each individual switch or router that is located within the domain’s broadcast. The network becomes
congested hence lowering the speed. The subnet becomes too small and it becomes difficult to keep

track of the network. To solve this, one will require another network of the same class or a network of a
higher class.
References
There are no sources in the current document.
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