University Assignment 1: Exploring OSI and TCP/IP Models in Networking

This assignment explores the fundamental concepts of the OSI and TCP/IP models, crucial for understanding network communication. It begins by listing and comparing the layers of both models, highlighting their correlation. The assignment then distinguishes between network and user support layers within the TCP/IP suite. It explains data encapsulation and the specific responsibilities of the Data Link, Network, and Transport layers, including error detection and addressing schemes (port, logical, and physical). The document also covers the services provided by the Application layer and concludes by discussing the advantages of combining layers in the TCP/IP model. The solution provided here helps to enhance the understanding of networking principles and protocols.

Running head: ASSIGNMENT 1
ASSIGNMENT 1
Name of Student
Name of University
Author’s Note

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Assignment 1
1. OSI model consists of seven layers, they are data link layer, physical layer,
application layer, session layer, presentation layer, transport layer and network layer.
The TCP/IP model consists of five layers, they are physical, application, data
link, transport and network layer.
2. The three layers of OSI model named physical, data link and network layer are
combined to form application layer in TCP/IP model (Edwards & Bramante, 2015).
The characteristics of transport and network layer in OSI layer are related to transport
and internet layers of TCP/IP model. The interface layer of TCP/IP model is formed
by combining the data link and physical layers of OSI model.
3. The layer named application layer is considered as a support layer and data link,
physical and network layers are called user support layers in TCP/IP model.
4. In the model of TCP/IP when a data packet travels, protocol of every layer adds up or
removes some parts from header (Rayes & Salam, 2017). When another protocol
provides data to the header, it is called encapsulation.
5. Data link layer detects errors during any transmission, it provides an interface to the
network layer along with controlling data flow. It ensures that data is transmitted
without errors.
6. The delivery done by network layer is usually from one host to another and the
delivery done by transport layer is generally between processes.
7. A separate checking mechanism must be included because routers might not be
always perfect and it is responsible for avoid bit flips (Huang & Cai, 2018). Besides
this double checking would ensure that there is no error between different nodes.
8. Network layer performs various functions such as delivering information in clusters
called packets. The packets are distributed among hosts. This layer is also utilized

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while sending data through networks that have different natures. It is also utilized for
the purpose of routing.
9. Transport layers performs various functions like controlling errors, monitoring the
process of data transmission and ensuring that data is not lost in between (Nath &
Uddin, 2015). It resembles messages as well because messages are generally broken
in various segments in order to simplify the process of transmission.
10. Using a logical address, a network is identified, then the physical address identifies
the host in the network. Port address is used for identifying a specific application that
runs on destination machine.
11. Some services that an application layer provides include FTAM, FTP, TELNET,
SMPT, directory services, file services (Huang & Cai, 2018). Some more services
include recording, information platform assistance, printing machine and many more.
12. The basic benefit received by combining presentation, application and session layers
of OSI model to one layer of TCP/IP protocol suite is reduced queueing. In this case
as the packets are received or sent, they need to wait in queues. Due to this more
latency is obtained and more amount of memory is utilized (Edwards & Bramante,
2015). The combination of layers will control the exchange of data between layers by
using application author, as a result tuning would become easier.

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References
Edwards, J., & Bramante, R. (2015). Networking self-teaching guide: OSI, TCP/IP, LANs,
MANs, WANs, implementation, management, and maintenance. John Wiley & Sons.
Huang, J., & Cai, L. (2018, April). Research on TCP/IP network communication based on
Node. js. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 1955, No. 1, p. 040115). AIP
Publishing.
Nath, P. B., & Uddin, M. M. (2015). TCP-IP Model in Data Communication and
Networking. American Journal of Engineering Research, 4(10), 102-107.
Rayes, A., & Salam, S. (2017). The Internet in IoT—OSI, TCP/IP, IPv4, IPv6 and Internet
Routing. In Internet of Things From Hype to Reality (pp. 35-56). Springer, Cham.