Comparative Study of OSI and TCP/IP Models in Network Communication

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Assignment 1

Contents
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References........................................................................................................................................9
List of Figures
Figure 1: OSI model........................................................................................................................2
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OSI model is said to be a reference model which defines how communication can be done
between the network and the applications. TCP/ IP is very suitable for communication protocol
which is the interconnected network. TCP/ IP can be used in private network to communications
with the protocol (Rouse, 2017).
List of the OSI model
Figure 1: OSI model
Source: (Raza, 2018)
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TCP /IP model was launched before the development of the OSI model. Layers of the given
TCP/IP layer is neither matched same with the OSI layer. TCP/IP protocol suites have four
layers Internet, application, Transport and host to the network. Host to network layer also is a
combination session layer. A transport layer securely cares about each duty of session layer. All
four layers provide network interface, physical interface, transporting functions and
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internetworking. OSI models define a networking framework for implementation in the protocol.
TCP/ IP can solve all problems. Internet protocol can describe only a protocol used for the
internet. OSI model has seven different layers which are: network, presentation, Session,
transport, physical, data-link and lastly application (Wilkins, 2011).
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The organized network layer of the given TCP/IP is basically suite protocol which is a supported
layer of the network. The given protocols are used to send the packets which are used to
communicate with the end user. This layer basically controls the given and utilized hardware
devices which also include the media which is used to make the given network.
The application layer of TCP/IP is basically the suits protocol which is the supported layer of the
user. This layer basically represents the data for the user and also used for the encoding and the
control of the dialogue (Rouse, 2017).
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Encapsulation means that the particular layer is adding protocol information to the next layer.
From Layer 7 straight down to Layer 1 is transmitting data from one device to another device
correctly. There also term encapsulation and surely you know what it means unwrap the frame so
the device able to read the data. The headers are put in the data; this process is said to be
Encapsulation. Every layer of the OSI always refers to the services which are assigned by the
other layer. Data of the higher layers are encapsulated by lower layers which is done in between
protocols of datalink and after which a trailer is also being added to it. The terms used by TCP/IP
are segments, packets and other is frames (Study-ccna, 2016).
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This layer is the layer after the physical layer of OSI. It can respond to network layer for
requesting services. Data link layer decoding the packets and encoded the bits. Bits which are
very most important and also a basic unit for the given information which is in communication
and also in computing. The given layer is implemented further in software which is like a driver.
An example can be said as the NIC. Comparing in term of processing then this layer is much
faster in comparison with network layer it is just because less of analyzing the available packets
which are required. The best functionality for this layer is given as the detection of the errors in
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the bits, defining the layer which is a physical layer, and also include the functionality of the
access control of the media. It provides better reliability in transferring the data while packets
transmission s with the important functionality of flow control, synchronization and error
detection. Data layer link is responsible for carrying packets transmitting data. It is responsible
for accessing the network and arranging the data. It uses two protocol LLC and HDLC for
providing services. LLC is logical to link control it functions provide transfer data across the data
link. HDLC is used to point to other point data link. It can also use multipoint data link
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S. No. Network Layer Transport Layer
1 This layer is delivering from source to the
packet destination across multiple networks.
The transport layer is a responsible
delivered all messages from source to
destination.
2 The network layer provides the connection
service including network layer flow control;
Network layer controls the error sequence
content in packets.
The transport layer is connectionless and
connection-oriented.
3 Network layer can translate network address
in physical machine address.
The transport layer is divided into the
packets at the reassemble and source at
the destination.
4 Relationship of the network layer with a data
link and transport layer.
Relationship of transport layer with
respect with session layer and network
layer.
5 Logical communication between hosts. Logical communication between
processes.
6 It provides a good relationship of network
layer with respect with transport and data-
link.
It is also responsible for the data
availability checking in the predefined
session layer.
7 A protocol is used UDP where U defines
User, D defined Datagram and P defines
protocols, second is TCP where T defines
Transmission, C defines Control, and P
defines protocols, and lastly is SCTP where S
defines Steam, C defines Control T defines
Transmission and P defines Protocol.
The transport layer is a responsible
delivered all messages from source to
destination.
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As there are other mechanisms which are of the transport layer which is used for detecting the
error. Basically, the drawbacks of data link layer while providing the functionality of error
detection which is as follow:
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1. Every error is not detected by this layer.
2. It is not best suit for detecting the errors of multiple bits.
3. It can lose some important errors in the given bit.
While in transport layer the error detection is done for the multiple bits at a single time. It does
not lose any important error in the given bit (McCoy, 2016).
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Open system interconnection is the seven-layer model in which network layer exists at the third
layer. The network layer basically is the spine of the OSI Layer. Packet forward is occurred due
to this layer. It allows networks to be consistent and it is done by promoting packets to network
data and then controls the best path to transfer the data.
Responsibilities of network layers are:
1. It delivers the packets from the source to designation across multiple links.
2. It provides a routing.
3. It provides host-to-host addressing.
4. It provides data steering path for link communication.
5. It always reacts to the demand of the transport layer.
6. It controlled the logical link paths in a well-ordered format.
7. For data transferring, it always selects and manages the logical paths.
8. It permits two open systems to transfer the data from one link to another link.
9. It supports to transfer the variable length transfer packaging.
10. It also solves the issues of the service request to the data link layer (Antoniou, 2011).
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Network layer provides the amenities from the given transport layer and takes amenities from the
given application layer. During the logical processes, it provides logical communication. The
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application running on the different types of the host in layered architectural etiquettes and other
network modules. It is the fourth layer of the OSI.
Responsibilities of the transfer layers are:
1. It provides end to end delivery of the complete message.
2. Upper layer transfers data to this layer.
3. For proper data transmission, it performs segmentation and outfits flow and error control.
4. In the header, it also adds the source and label port.
5. Port number is read at the receiver port from the header and ahead of the data which is
acknowledged by the respective application.
6. It transmits and receives the data from the different networks without any error.
7. It provides some extra services, i.e.,
The communication is based on the communication-oriented
There is the delivery of the same order
The integrity of the data
Control the flow of the traffic
Responsible for the flow control
It is also responsible for the multiplexing
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S. No. Port address Logical address Physical address
1 It refers to the port number. It is the IP address. It is the address of the
NIC.
2 The kernel of the OS decided the
port number.
They depend on the host
positions.
It is decided by the
manufacturing
company on the card.
3 They cannot be changed. This can be changed
depending on the host's
positions.
They can’t be
changeable.
4 It is a method to signify a process
by which internet or other link
messages forwarded when it
comes around a server.
The information which is
used to get information is
the logical address.
it is in the logical form
that will be high and
low states on the
address bus in the
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Application layer implies that it is the standard service of network and applications of the
network which can be used by anyone. It is the process to process communication protocol
through an IP network.
Mainly, there are four types of services provided by the application layer:
1. Mail Services
2. Network virtual terminator
3. Directory services
4. File transfer, access, and management
 Mail services: The base for email forwarding and storing can be provided by the mail
services.
 Network virtual terminator: A user can easily log in to the host at a remote location by
this terminal. The remote host understands the communication with its terminal and the
user permits to log in.
 Directory services: the global information and different services can be accessed by
here.
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 Management, Access, and file transferring: It is a way to access the files and then the
files are managed (Thakur, 2015).
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Benefits are:
1. There is only a single layer which has to study for every function that is provided in the
different three layers.
2. It increases the bandwidth because of the reduction in the number of layers.
3. The single layer is used for the data translation, compression of data and also the encryption
of the data.
4. All the services of these three layers are provided in the single layer (life, 2018).
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References
Antoniou, S. (2011). Networking Basics: TCP, UDP, TCP/IP and OSI Model. [online]
pluralsight. Available at: https://www.pluralsight.com/blog/it-ops/networking-basics-tcp-udp-
tcpip-osi-models [Accessed 11 Jan. 2019].
life, S. (2018). Give some advantages and disadvantages of combining the session, presentation,
and application layer in the OSI model into one single application layer in the Internet model?.
[online] blogspot. Available at: https://bagniblog.blogspot.com/2018/01/give-some-advantages-
and-disadvantages.html [Accessed 11 Jan. 2019].
McCoy, A. (2016). Design Issues in Data link Layer Framing. [online] slide player. Available at:
https://slideplayer.com/slide/9036839/ [Accessed 11 Jan. 2019].
Raza, M. (2019). What is the OSI Model? Explore the 7 Layers of the Open Systems
Interconnection Model. [online] Available at: https://www.bmc.com/blogs/osi-model-7-layers/
[Accessed 11 Jan. 2019].
Rouse, M. (2017). TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol). [online] recharge.
Available at: https://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/TCP-IP [Accessed 11 Jan.
2019].
Study-ccna. (2016). Encapsulation. [online] Available at: https://study-ccna.com/encapsulation/
[Accessed 11 Jan. 2019].
Thakur, D. (2015). TCP/IP Services And Application Protocols. [online] ecomputernotes.
Available at: http://ecomputernotes.com/computernetworkingnotes/services-and-applications/
tcpip-services [Accessed 11 Jan. 2019].
Wilkins, S. (2011). OSI and TCP/IP Model Layers. [online] pearsonitcertification. Available at:
http://www.pearsonitcertification.com/articles/article.aspx?p=1804869 [Accessed 11 Jan. 2019].
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