Report on Acute Otitis Media: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Complications

This report provides a comprehensive overview of otitis media, a common ear infection, focusing on acute otitis media (AOM). It details diagnostic methods, including the use of an otoscope, and emphasizes the importance of identifying symptoms like fever, ear pain, and purulent discharge. The report differentiates between acute, persistent, and recurrent otitis media, highlighting predisposing factors such as age, allergies, and upper respiratory infections. It explores various treatment options, including antibiotics and pain-relieving drops, and stresses the significance of preventative measures like handwashing and vaccinations. The report also addresses potential complications such as mastoiditis and intracranial issues, and provides references to support the information presented.

Running head: OTTITIS MEDIA 1
Ottitis media
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Institutional affiliation

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I would recommend test using otoscope. This instrument is used to check for ears, nose
and through. Considering that the child had fever, the left tympanic membrane was erythematous
and pus was coming out, this would suggest that the child was infected with acute ottis media
(AOM). AOM is associated with congenital syndromes and multiple systematic infections which
may have caused other symptoms such as anterior cervical adenopathy and purulent yellow
discharge from the nose. Although other infections may have similar symptoms as otitis media,
this particular infection is characterized by fluids coming out of the ear and this makes it differ
from others. The patient should see a doctor immediately in case the exam indicated cerumen
impacting the canals. In case the doctor is not accessible, the wax is treated with urea hydrogen
peroxide (5%). Specific fluids and specific instruments are also used to remove the cerumen.
For the management, parent is given antibiotics to give the child. Ten days of therapy is
needed for the child to recover fully. Pain relieving drops may also be used in case the antibiotic
treatment does not work. To prevent future occurrences of ear infections, parents should train
their children to wash their hands regularly and keep immunization up to date. Washing hands
eliminate germs which may cause ear infections while some vaccines help to prevent viral
infections.
Differences between acute, persistent, and recurrent otitis media
Acute ottitis media (AOM) is characterized as the nearness of center ear emission related
to the fast beginning of at least one signs or manifestations of aggravation of the center ear. On
the opposite side, recurrent otitis media happens during the initial quite a while of life in roughly
19 to 29% of the pediatric populace (Kaur, Morris & Pichichero, 2017). Separation of these
diseases from otitis media with emanation is significant in staying away from misdiagnosis and

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overtreatment with anti-infection agents (Mittal et al., 2015). Ideal administration of recurrent
and persistent intense otitis media is a clinical test. Precise analysis of acute otitis media is the
initial phase in ideal administration.
Predisposing factors
Youngsters between the ages of half year to 2 years are at the most serious hazard for
being assaulted by ear diseases. The life structures of the eustachian tube and the way that their
safe frameworks are as yet creating and this will be this opens them to contaminations.
Youngsters are likewise more in danger of coming down with bugs on the grounds that their
invulnerable frameworks have had less introduction to infections. All things considered, this is
likewise a hazard factor for grown-ups (McCormick, Jennings, Ede, Alvarez-Fernandez, Patel &
Chonmaitree, 2016). Hypersensitivities cause more discharges, and the incendiary mixes
discharged likewise disturb and harm the covering of the ears. Controlling hypersensitivities can
help decrease the hazard. Be that as it may, antihistamines and decongestants have not been seen
as of advantage in forestalling otitis media in youngsters (Thomas, Berner, Zahnert & Dazert,
2014). Abstaining from getting colds and other upper respiratory contaminations are critical to
lessening the danger of center ear disease. Washing hands regularly and training youngsters to
cover hacks and sniffles to abstain from spreading germs is additionally basic. For kids with
intermittent ear diseases, it is recommendable to consider decreasing the time they spend in
bunch kid care settings.
Symptoms

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Ear diseases can cause fever, torment in the ear and impermanent hearing misfortune, as
well as general signs such as loss of craving and fractiousness. A few kids show signs of
improvement without explicit anti-infection treatment, yet most youthful babies profit by
utilization of an antimicrobial specialist (Sakulchit & Goldman, 2017). In babies and little
youngsters, indications of an ear disease can include: Decreased activity, Fever, Lack of hunger
or trouble eating, irritability, pulling on the ear, Draining liquid from the external ear, vomiting
or loose bowels.
Treatment
Utilization of anti-microbial is a typical treatment albeit some recoup with no drug. The
kind of treatment will rely upon the earnestness of the contaminations. Repetitive ottitis media
can mend without prescription while diligent ottitis media will require anti-infection agents for
the patient to recuperate (Qureishi, Lee, Belfield, Birchall & Daniel, 2014). Anti-microbial are
regularly administered to babies older than two years or those with high fever or disease in the
two ears. Kids who are more established than two years and have mellow manifestations might
be treated with an anti-toxin or frequently are seen to check whether they recover without anti-
infection agents.
Complications
Ottitis media can cause extra cranial complications which include mastoiditis, tympanic
membrane perforation and cholesteatoma. Intracranial complications may also arise. They
include brain abscess and meningitis. Furthermore, morbidity due to effects of ottitis media on
the hearing during childhood, language and speech development as well as education may be an
issue.

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References
McCormick, D. P., Jennings, K., Ede, L. C., Alvarez-Fernandez, P., Patel, J., & Chonmaitree, T.

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(2016). Use of symptoms and risk factors to predict acute otitis media in
infants. International journal of pediatric otorhinolaryngology, 81, 55–59. Retrieved
from: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.12.002
Mittal, R., Lisi, C. V., Gerring, R., Mittal, J., et al. (2015). Current concepts in the
pathogenesis and treatment of chronic suppurative otitis media. Journal of medical
microbiology, 64(10), 1103–1116. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.000155
Kaur, R., Morris, M., & Pichichero, M. E. (2017). Epidemiology of Acute Otitis Media in
the Post pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Era. Pediatrics, 140(3), e20170181. Retrieved
from: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-0181
Qureishi, A., Lee, Y., Belfield, K., Birchall, J. P., & Daniel, M. (2014). Update on otitis media –
Prevention and treatment. Infection and drug resistance, 7, 15–24. Retrieved from:
https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S39637
Sakulchit, T., & Goldman, R. D. (2017). Antibiotic therapy for children with acute otitis
media. Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien, 63(9), 685–687.
Thomas, J. P., Berner, R., Zahnert, T., & Dazert, S. (2014). Acute otitis media-a structured
approach. Deutsches Arzteblatt international, 111(9), 151–160. Retrieved from:
https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2014.0151