Biology Assignment: Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport by Hemoglobin

This biology assignment delves into the mechanism of oxygen transport by hemoglobin. The assignment requires an explanation of how hemoglobin facilitates oxygen delivery and the role of the respiratory system in this process. It also explores the structure of hemoglobin, including the haem groups and their affinity for oxygen, and the reversible nature of oxygen binding. Additionally, the assignment includes a diagram to be completed with the percentage amounts of oxygen and carbon dioxide transport. The solution covers how the hemoglobin molecules binds with oxygen molecules, the role of the alveolar membrane, and the tensed and relaxed states of hemoglobin. The assignment also references relevant literature to support the presented information. The provided solution covers the key aspects of oxygen and carbon dioxide transport by hemoglobin.

Running head: BIOLOGY
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Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

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Table of Contents
Answer 1....................................................................................................................................2
Answer 2....................................................................................................................................3
Bibliography...............................................................................................................................4

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Answer 1
Blood has been found to compose of two types of blood cells- the red blood cells of the RBCs
and the white blood cells of the WBCs. Platelets are also the minority inherent component of
blood. RBCs have been found to be visualized as red coloured due to the presence of red
coloured pigmentation. This pigment has been found to exists due to the presence of
haemoglobin in which each of the molecules binds to oxygen molecules. The main
functioning region of haemoglobin is the protoporphyrin ring which has arms or branches to
bind oxygen atoms. Oxygen has been found to enter the human body through the respiratory
system. First, it enters the lungs followed by a crossing to the alveolar membrane and finally
into the bloodstream. Active tissues present inside the body requires the presence of oxygen
in the body. Haemoglobin is made up of four haem groups which contain iron (Dunn et al.
2016). Each of the haemoglobin molecules has the capability to hold four oxygen molecules.
This compound is responsible to hold most of the oxygen in the blood and only a very small
amount is held inside the plasma. After binding of the oxygen atoms to haemoglobin,
oxyhaemoglobin forms. With the bound oxyhaemoglobin, the compound turns to a tensed
stated of the T state. During the tensed state, this compound can be stated to have the affinity
to go back to the relaxed state or the R state (Jorge et al. 2016). Thus, haemoglobin transfers
its bound oxygen molecules to the tissues of the body. This condition releases oxygen from
haemoglobin and relaxes its structure. The binding of oxygen to haemoglobin has been found
to be a reversible reaction since it involves both binding and releasing the oxygen molecules
based on the surrounding partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

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Answer 2
98.5
1.5
85
10
7

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Bibliography
Dunn, J.O., Mythen, M.G. and Grocott, M.P., 2016. Physiology of oxygen transport. Bja
Education, 16(10), pp.341-348.
Jorge, S.E., Ribeiro, D.M., Santos, M.N. and de Fátima Sonati, M., 2016. Hemoglobin:
Structure, synthesis and oxygen transport. In Sickle cell anemia (pp. 1-22). Springer, Cham.