Detailed Report: Packing Machine Components, Sensors, and Actuators

This report provides a detailed overview of packing machines, covering their essential components and operational mechanisms. It begins by introducing various types of packing machines, such as filling machines, labeler machines, luggage wrapping machines, and capping machines, highlighting their respective functions in different industries. The report then delves into the key components of packing machines, emphasizing the role of sensors, actuators, and control systems. It elaborates on the different types of sensors, including photoelectric sensors (Thru-Beam, Retroreflective, and Diffused), temperature sensors (RTD and Thermocouple), and strain gauges, explaining their working principles, advantages, and disadvantages. Furthermore, the report discusses actuators, specifically linear and rotary actuators, detailing their functionalities. Finally, it explores control methods, focusing on Arduino Uno and PLC, outlining their specifications and applications in automating packing machine operations.

Packing machine:
Generally is a machine used in variety packing functions this
kind of machines invented to save more time than the manual
packing and to provide that the product isn’t touched by human
hand for hygiene issues in the food industries or chemical
packing to prevent skin harm on the man power
Figure 1https://www.foodmachinesale.com/food-packing-
machine.html

There is many types of packing machines I will mention a few of them
(commonly use in daily life):
1. Filling machines:
It’s commonly use in liquid filling and Gels to pour a measurable
amount of product into a bottle or a jar.
2. Labeler machines:
This is a necessary machine in every industry because its main
function to wrap the product or attach a designed size logo on the
product to identify the company logo or the product name.
Figure 2https://uspackagingandwrapping.com/blog/25-packaging-
machines-with-images-and-descriptions.html
Figure 3https://www.amazon.com/TFCFL-Upgraded-Labeling-
Machine-Applicator/dp/B087QDMK4N

3. Luggage wrapping machines:
This probably used in the airport to wrap the passenger luggage to
prevent it from scratches or theft or be broke and empty its
containers
4. Capping Machines
Its use with bottles, jars and jugs to apply a cap after product
containing process it may reach thousand cap per hour which
saves a lot of time
Figure 4https://depositphotos.com/221837482/stock-video-luggage-wrapping-service-in-airport.html
Figure 5https://hzpack.en.made-in-china.com/product/bskEPwVvLRhW/China-
Semi-Auto-Capper-Capping-Machine-Bottle-Sealing-Cap.html

General Packing Machine Key Component:
User InterfaceControl
Sensors Actuators
SYSTEM
Component

1. Sensors:
Sensors are the eyes of the machine because it sense and
detect motion or temperature or angle or distance and sure
near objects
Most common used sensor in the Packing Machine is:
 Photo electric Sensor (Proximity Sensor- IR Sensor)
 Temperature Sensor
 Strain Gage Load cell Sensor

2. Actuators:
It’s a mechanical or electric device has the ability to give
needed force to move other mechanical or electrical device
the order or signal came from external source like Sensors
so every actuator is attached to a sensor or more
Most common used actuators in packing machine:
 Linear
 Rotary

3. Control:
To control a packing machine u need to set of commands
and orders saved on a logic controller or a memory the
used controller depend on the machine size and
inputs/outputs we can use
 Arduino Uno
 PLC
4. User interface:

It is the link between user and the machine itself it tell the
operator if it face any problems or where is the processes
point and can be
 Buttons
 Computer
(1)Sensors

Photo electric Sensor
Definition:
The photoelectric sensor is a device that use to detect objects or give a
feedback about its distance by transmitting light usually it contain two
parts sender and receiver
There is 3 major types of the photoelectric sensor:
1. Thru-Beam

2. Retroreflective
3. Diffused
They have different specs but all do the same task (Detecting
objects) and build in the same form (Send-Receive)
Thru-Beam

Definition:
The thru-beam sensor is known in the market as the opposite mode
because it is a separate as showing in the above picture a part send the
laser beam and the other part is receiving it if anything cut or break this
laser beam line the sensor detect 1 object.
The usage of the Thru-Beam photoelectric sensor is:
 Detect tiny objects.
 Detect the container fill level
 Detect spliced materials.
 Detect the specific location of an object
 Detect the container contents
The benefits of using a thru-beam sensor are that it is the most
accurate and has the longest sensing range of the three types of
sensors. When operating in a filthy environment, through-beam
sensors are the best alternative. It's necessary to note that this
system would need the installation of at least two different parts in
order to operate properly.
Retroreflective

Definition:
Both the light source and the receiving system are housed in the same
housing in retroreflective sensing. The sensor is used in tandem with a
reflector. The sensor's light is directed at the reflector, which then
returns it to the light receiving element. When the light path is broken,
the sensor senses the presence of an obstacle.
The usage of the Retroreflective photoelectric sensor is:
 Detect large-size objects.
 Detect high speed moving objects.
 Detect high speed reflective tape.
 Sense a glass and plastic products.
The benefits of Retroreflective sensors are less expensive and
marginally less reliable than thru-beam sensors. Retroreflective
sensors are the safest choice when dealing with clear or translucent
materials.
Diffused