Pakistan's Anti-Terrorism Measures and Their Implications: A Study

This dissertation delves into Pakistan's counter-terrorism measures, analyzing their implementation, strategies, and implications. It explores the historical context, including the rise of militant groups, the government's responses, and the impact of these measures on various aspects of Pakistani society and the global landscape. The study examines specific policies, military operations, and the role of different political administrations, including those of Musharraf, the People's Party, and the PML. Furthermore, it investigates the challenges of weak democracy, political tensions, and the influence of international commitments on Pakistan's counter-terrorism efforts. The research methodology includes literature review, data analysis, and a detailed examination of the evolution of counter-terrorism strategies and their consequences. The dissertation also addresses the financial and global market impacts, the role of the United Nations, and the overall effectiveness of these measures in combating terrorism and ensuring national security.

Running Head: PAKISTAN’S ANTI-TERRORISM MEASURES AND ITS
IMPLICATIONS
Pakistan’s anti-terrorism measures and its implications
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Authors Note

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PAKISTAN’S ANTI-TERRORISM MEASURES AND ITS IMPLICATIONS
Executive Summary:
The following topic discusses about the counter terrorisms measures in Pakistan as
well as their implications made by the government. The major focus of this topic is to make a
clear cut idea about whether the government actions have at all reduced the terror incidents in
not only Pakistan but also for all over the world. The United Nations councils strict anti-
terrorisms rule and regulations are also been addressed here. There are certain analyses are
being made over the data collected from different source of reports as well as questionnaires.
Lastly at the end a conclusion have been drawn stating that whether the counter terrorism is at
all welcomed properly or not.

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PAKISTAN’S ANTI-TERRORISM MEASURES AND ITS IMPLICATIONS
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction:.................................................................................................5
Chapter 2: literature review:...........................................................................................6
The domestic militant landscape of Pakistan.............................................................6
Pakistan’s challenge towards weak democracy:........................................................8
Rise of religious intolerance and violence...............................................................10
Crackdown to the political issues:............................................................................12
Engaging with Pakistani government:.....................................................................13
“Pakistan can only give excuses” :...........................................................................13
Summary of the study;.............................................................................................15
Chapter 3: methodological considerations:..................................................................17
Introduction to methodology and its rationale:........................................................17
Research hypothesis:................................................................................................18
Summary of key issues:...........................................................................................18
Research design:.......................................................................................................20
Research framework:...............................................................................................23
Research questions:..................................................................................................27
Aims of the topic:.....................................................................................................27
Objectives:................................................................................................................28
Data collection and generation:................................................................................29
Province analysis of the event :................................................................................33
Chapter 4: counter terrorism measures and its implications:.......................................35

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PAKISTAN’S ANTI-TERRORISM MEASURES AND ITS IMPLICATIONS
Reviving the strategy:..............................................................................................36
Resolutions of the anti-terrorism strategy:...............................................................36
Plan of action:..........................................................................................................40
Measures to address against terrorism and implementation of counter terrorisms:.41
Pakistan’s counter terrorism strategy:......................................................................43
Counter terrorism strategy under Musharraf era:.....................................................44
Military operations of Musharraf:............................................................................45
Role of the people party government in counter terrorism:.....................................47
Counter terrorism strategy in PML in 2013 to 2014:...............................................48
Chapter 5: conclusion:..................................................................................................49
Recommendation:....................................................................................................54
Identification of risks, policy development and collaboration:................................54
National cooperation and coordination:...................................................................54
Terrorists financing..................................................................................................56
References:...............................................................................................................57
Bibliography.................................................................................................................62

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PAKISTAN’S ANTI-TERRORISM MEASURES AND ITS IMPLICATIONS
Chapter 1: Introduction:
Counter- terrorisms which is also known as antiterrorism, incorporates the practise,
military tactics, techniques and strategy which the government, military, law enforcement,
business and intelligence agencies utilizes for the purpose of combating terrorism in the
country. Therefore, different strategies are applied for the purpose of ensuring that the acts of
terrorism can be controlled and minimized. The measures which are undertaken by the
government is to ensure that such terrorism activities are not financed in any manner.
However, the armed forces of US use the term foreign international defence for the
programmes which support the other countries in order to suppress insurgency and
lawlessness.
The study deals with the counter terrorism measures which have been implemented by
the government of Pakistan. It is from the time that Pakistan has gotten its independence that
the nation has been judged with the all kinds of terrorism activities and thus it has hampered
the nation’s growth as a whole. The impact of terrorism has impacted the nation in such a
manner that the lifestyle of people living in the country has also become stressed and hectic.
One other severe impact which can be identified in relation to terrorism on the economy is
the decline of GDP of the country which is often accompanied by rise in the price of goods
and services and also increase in the factor costs of the business. Some of the major cities of
Pakistan which are its trade centres have been affected. Hence the main focus of the study is
to focus on what measures have been taken by the Pakistani government in order to ensure
that no such terrorisms attacks occur in that country. The major trade centres of Pakistan like
Peshawar, Quetta and Islamabad which has suffered so much due to the terrorist attacks,
needs to be reinstated to its previous glory by making the people understand about the ill
effects which terrorism has on the economy as a whole 1. On the other hand, the Pakistani
1 La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., Shleifer, A. and Vishny, R., 2000. Investor protection and
corporate governance. Journal of financial economics, 58(1-2), pp.3-27.

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government needs to take positive actions to counter the terrorism by taking hard steps and
demolishing the terrorist groups from Pakistan. The terrorism in an economy plays an
immense effect on the global economy and countries like America, India and Russia have
raised their voices against terrorism. The study would be including the primary and secondary
research, press talks, interview words. Apart from thus the study also includes some research
methodology on the quantitative and qualitative data supporting the bad effects of the
terrorisms. On the other hand, the studies have also consisted of the measurements of the
anti-terrorisms policy and the impacts of the same in the financial and global markets of the
Pakistan.
Pakistan have been graded as second most affected country as per global terrorism
index, 2012. Over the past few decades it has been seen that Pakistan have been used up to
huge amount of expenditures in designing and implementing a good counter terrorism policy.
Hence there have been 25% of reduction in victims and 7% reduction in terrorist incidence
and 12% reduction in the count of death. Thus, the counter – terrorism activities needs to be
sustained so that the economy can stabilize and reform its markets. Additionally, the spread
of anti-terrorism capacity has raised considerably after the attacks of 9/11. The public cost of
the policies has been yielding at more than 50000 victims, 15700 military personals and
increased monitory costs. Thus, the focus of the study is to examine the policies and navigate
the attacks of counter terrorisms.
Chapter 2: literature review:
The domestic militant landscape of Pakistan
Pakistan has been an abode of numerous militant extremist and jihadi groups, which
have remained active even considering the current time. With the close operational links with
afghan Taliban and AL – Qaeda, the influence of militant extremist has increased

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PAKISTAN’S ANTI-TERRORISM MEASURES AND ITS IMPLICATIONS
significantly in the economy. The domestic militants of Pakistan can be categorized into two
major types and the same are briefly discussed in the paragraph shown below.
The first type is the domestic sectarian groups such as sunny–deobandi and sipah-e –
saheba Pakistan (ssp) and the lashkar – e jhangavi which operate by focusing cities and
population living in such cities. The second category covers the Pakistani Taliban which is
also known as tehrik–e–Taliban (TTP). They are considered to be brutal and is umbrella
organization. The Pakistani government in order to bring about law and order in the economy
introduced a new counter terrorism strategy which is known as the twenty-point national
plan. The Pakistani prime minister Nawaz Sharif and Pakistani army general Raheel Sharif
have addressed that the all the terrorist’s groups are to be demolished and the new counter
terrorism strategy focused on the same. The aim of the government was also to ensure that
peace can be brought about in the affected areas where such terrorist groups were active.
Thus, heavily relying on the blunt instruments and adding the force to counter terrorism risks
does more harm to undermine constitutionalism, democratic governance and the new rules
focusing on jihad mill. It is therefore imperative for the government to introduce a justice
system which can help in maintaining peace and prosperity in the economy. The military
intervention towards the counter terrorism could well put a certain risk over Pakistan’s
evolution into a more civilised and democratic state. The transition towards democratic state
following anti-terrorisms policies which would make the state more prosperous and also curb
any jihadi sentiments which might be arising in the country. Hence the military’s continual
undermining of the civilian authority since the democratic revolution in 2008 will remain as a
major challenge and the political leadership strategy will be falling to push back in order to
undermine creativity and authority2. After the inauguration of NAP, the Sharif government
2 Kfir, I., 2014. Sectarian violence and social group identity in Pakistan. Studies in Conflict &
Terrorism, 37(6), pp.457-472.

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PAKISTAN’S ANTI-TERRORISM MEASURES AND ITS IMPLICATIONS
will be implemented so that two majoe changes can be brought about and the predecessor
will be subjected to assign death penalty. On 6th January, 2015 the country on the 21st
amendment of law has addressed that the militants will try to end all the terrorist parties
which are active in different parts of Pakistan. The governmental policies which are
formulated is to provide some powers to the military so that they can take actions for
eradicating terrorism in the country. The actions and steps which are taken by the military
would be reviewed by an apex committee. Despite the claims to the country, the military who
have almost complete control over the national security and counter terrorism policies
targeting the jihadi groups. The security forces would also ensure that the national borders
of India and Afghanistan is maintained. Anti-India outfits will be having their activities
through the so-called charity fronts. The military based afghan insurgents, such as haqqini
network and they have targeted towards ongoing operation in the North Waziristan agency
federally administrated tribal areas. Instead they have been kept out of the terrorist’s groups.
Thus, empowered resourced police force remains the most creative tools for enforcing a
sustained and successful counter terrorism activity. It emphasises on the revenge and
retribution strategy of the law to undermine the citizen confidence and enforce fundamental
rights and rules towards law which will also fuel up grievances.
Pakistan’s challenge towards weak democracy:
The Imran khan government will now eye towards the repressing opposition voices
and preparing secretaries. Hence the policy makers, crisis group will be urging the EU to help
Pakistan to abide by the international commitments and keep on supporting the democratic
governance. However, the supreme court of Pakistan on 30th October have overturned death
sentence of a Christian women who was associated with the jihadi groups countrywide
demanding on the verdict’s reversal. All these protests have been ended towards the

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PAKISTAN’S ANTI-TERRORISM MEASURES AND ITS IMPLICATIONS
immunity to labaiks leadership and the same could be implemented to reinstate the death
sentence of that Christian women. The government actions appeared to relate a group which
emerges secretariat hatred and threats to the religious people and other minority’s people who
could be permitting the people to rebrand and enter policies without adding renouncing
militancy. Hence all these policies and procedures will be heavily implemented within the
government rules which could easily mainstream and try to implement internal saturation.
Hence another process will be implemented which lies between the counter terrorisms
commitments. Another challenge will be on the persistent political tensions. Having the
powers to contest the election process in July 2018. Thus, the Imran khan government will
be bridging down the divisions between the opposite parties. The government has some
targeted opposition leaders in the politicised corruption parties. The security forces are trying
to dissent with agreements with corrupted political figures within the civil society and media.
Therefore, it is high time for the European Union to replicate some new measurements and
steps which are as follows-
 Leverage down the Pakistan’s sensitivity towards the international standing aversion
and appropriation of the resources and to urge Pakistan to procure labaik leaders and
activists through fair trails and new process. The judges of Supreme Court are being
threatened in order to prevent them from giving fair trials and the same have an
impact on the overall justice system. The protest of November 2018 showed
destruction of public and private property which are collateral damage and basically
loss of the state. The government needs to implement legislations so that such an
incident do not take place and the justice system of the nation is not affected in any
manner.
 To lever down the changes towards the implications of changes in existing and to
enact the additional laws which could meet the international human rights standards to

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PAKISTAN’S ANTI-TERRORISM MEASURES AND ITS IMPLICATIONS
ban the jihadists from fund raising, recruiting and conducting attacks of the business
within the country and to the region.
 Continue to support all the democratic governance and the rule of law in Pakistan
which includes due process of prosecution of cases against the oppositions and to
enact the individual freedom. The government have also warned Islamabad to accept
the failures, to respect the freedoms of expansions, association, religion and beliefs
which could adversely affect the economy and global business environment.
Rise of religious intolerance and violence
The supreme court on 31st October 2018 have reviewed the case and ordered the
release of Aasia bibi, a Christian woman who had been sentenced to death in the month of
November 2010. In the response towards this the religious groups like tehrik – e –hind have
also launched violent protests countrywide and the labaik protestors gained to support of
many conservative Muslims chanting to hang her against the allegations. Hence the verdict
ordered by Supreme Court has been postponed and this urged soldiers to mutiny against the
army code and they have opted for striking the deal towards the process. They have argued
that the process would lead to violence and hence they have alleged to drop a petition to
reinstate her death sentence. Thus, in this way they have overruled the process and are
responsible to act over the violence. Thus, there is a short-term dilemma which is the reason
the government is also under a lot of pressure for changing the verdict. Meanwhile the
military were supposed to implement all the rules and regulations imposed by the government
and thus they were clear about their job roles. The jihadi parties have tried to rebrand and
enter into the political fields without renouncing militancy and risks, which permits such
groups to fuel up intolerance and secretaries. Mainstreaming could also play an important
role in the Pakistan’s counter terrorisms commitments. Another challenge could be the
persistent changes in the political situation. Thus, the government have targeted the political

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PAKISTAN’S ANTI-TERRORISM MEASURES AND ITS IMPLICATIONS
parties and the opposition leaders to the corrupted traits and where the security forces will be
cracked down on the process voice and the civil society and the media. There are different
news articles and papers and interviews have often stated about the counter terrorism and the
various implications of those process which have eyed on the topic significantly.
“Mere accusations of blasphemy can lead to death [in Pakistan], and those defending
the innocent have often been silenced.”
The process has emboldened by the governments backing down and the labaik
threatened to protest on 24th September. The government fearing down more violence and
quickly have placed the group leader and hundreds of activists under preventive measure and
techniques to prevent detention. Although the cases are being filled and still the prosecution
is under process. Similar incidences occurred in the past have stated that charge filling have
not changed the prosecution process. Hence the accused women who had been freed by the
courts and remains in hiding. Hence all those cases will be having the fear of religious
minorities and thus it remains hiding. There it is important for the government to reduce and
incite those problems and therefore it needs to revalue the communications procedure of the
government. Thus, mere accusations could lead to death and those who have supported to the
women have accused to death. Considering the example of Punjab governor Salman Tasser
who had been killed by his guard in the year 2011 for showing the support to the women. On
the other hand, labaiks emergence and growing influence will be closely tied to the Pakistan’s
military and intelligence orders and services which are longstanding use of the Islamists to
challenge the rivals by supporting their views on the political aspects. In the view of attacking
the people and going towards the prosecutions have concluded a deal with the militants where
the law minister had resigned and another bid farewell to these processes. Thus, it had created
a political font and it had deployed violence on the sense. Due to this process labaik had won

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PAKISTAN’S ANTI-TERRORISM MEASURES AND ITS IMPLICATIONS
2.2 million and emerged as the third largest memory to raise funds recruit and propagate the
secretariat agenda.
Crackdown to the political issues:
The militants backing of the PTI and its alleged support to the process so that it can
obtain support of the government since it targets the political economy which has been
marked as an important area. Hence the Pakistani militants will be needed to take strict
actions against the jihadist and thus the security resistance level will be increased and it will
be hard to demolish the groups. Apart from this another major attack could bring the two
nuclear armed neighbours to the brink of war. The political issues backing the PTI and the
support to this process will ensure the political acrimony and thus it will play a major role in
the political affairs. Reportedly all the military and juridical backing, the government will
now be pursuing the leadership quality and offer a legal process to this business. The
government will on the other hand try to bring out the political issues related to the anti-
terrorisms. Considering the example of a case in Pakistan where almost 200 people killed
followed by a terror attack. The government will be better served by working with the
parliamentary opposition to ban and prosecute groups which could refuse to show violence
and ensure propagation hatred.
Engaging with Pakistani government:
The European Union should need to push the Pakistani authorities to ease the political
substances, project minorities and stop the militants to let them enter into the politics without
any harm violence. Firstly, it is import that the government needs to focus on the traditional
emphasis on the rules of law and the opposition leaders could help to reduce the political
defences. Lastly the EU is important for Pakistan to work on the new rules and regulations
which are been implemented by the government to prevent the jihads and the other militants