Palliative Care Services in the UK: A Comprehensive Research Report

This research report explores palliative care in the UK for individuals living with terminal conditions, focusing on the concept, effectiveness, and interventions used. It highlights that while dying is a normal part of life, palliative care aims to improve the quality of life by anticipating, preventing, and treating symptoms associated with chronic diseases. The report delves into the role of palliative care in helping patients and their families make essential medical decisions and plan for a good death. It also discusses the importance of specialized palliative care teams in coordinating care and providing psychosocial support. The research objectives include understanding the concept of palliative care, determining the effectiveness of palliative care services in planning a good death, and examining ways to reduce the impact of terminal conditions. The report also touches on the limitations and inaccuracies in palliative care services despite the UK having some of the best palliative care in the world.

RESEARCH REPORT

Table of Contents
TOPIC..............................................................................................................................................3
INTRODUCTION 1500..................................................................................................................3
RESEARCH AIM............................................................................................................................5
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE..............................................................................................................5
RESEARCH QUESTIONS.............................................................................................................6
PRESENTATION AND DATA......................................................................................................6
CRITIC OR FINDING 2000...........................................................................................................6
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 1500..........................................................................................10
Search strategy......................................................................................................................10
Database used.......................................................................................................................11
Research choice....................................................................................................................12
Research approach................................................................................................................12
Research tool and technique.................................................................................................13
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 1000....................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

TOPIC
“Palliative care in the UK for persons living with terminal conditions”
INTRODUCTION 1500
Palliative care services are defined as end-of-life care that is usually associated with a
chronic disorder which cannot be cured (Pavlič and et. al., 2019). Therefore, the proper support
and care are usually provided to the patient with their terminal condition for the planning of good
death. Palliative care services usually play a role in order to create comfortable as possible by
managing pain and other symptoms which is painful for the patient. It is usually included
psychological, social, and spiritual support to the family and the patient (Dunleavy and et. al.,
2021). It is also known as a holistic approach because it usually deals with the whole person not
with the illness or disorders face by the patient for a prolonged period. In addition, it is not just
about the end-of-life support and care but it is also associated with the support and care on the
emotional and physical level of the patient which depends on the therapy and other treatable
condition. Many health care professionals are usually providing end-of-life care as part of their
job (Hancock, Preston, Jones and Gadoud, 2019). For example, the general practitioner or
community nurse are usually taking their hands the patient with a chronic disease which cannot
be cured then they provide proper and support and care by reducing pain and managing their
quality of life that must be extended for a month or a year.
Some people are usually required additional specialised palliative care that may be provided
by team who is taking the responsibilities in the palliative care with the proper medicine, nurses,
occupational therapist play vital role in order to provide wellbeing to the patient and planning for
a good death (Firth and et. al., 2019). The palliative care team is made of different health care
professionals and they initially coordinate and communicate with each other in order to enable
the care of the patient with the incurable disorder. End-of-life care is usually begun with the
initial day months or years (Ziegler and et. al., 2018). In addition, the people are usually
suffering from a different situation that cannot be treated but they are slow down with the help of
end-of-life care. In addition, some of them may be expected to die within the next few hours or
days are receiving end-of-life care (Gao and et. al., 2020). For many months, people have usually
considered in the UK the approach of palliative care when they know that they died within the

next 12 months. Although, they provided support and care through the general practitioner or
healthcare professionals, especially community nurses (Gadoud and et. al., 2020).
With the help of end-of-life care, the people who have advanced incurable illnesses majorly
include dementia, cancer, motor neuron disease, and many more which cannot be treated in the
advanced stage and the death is confirmed (Stanley and Nwosu, 2022). Therefore, palliative care
services are responsible in order to plan a good death for the patient who is facing the issue of
cancer or any type of disease which cannot be cured with medical or clinical features. While
taking the context of the United Kingdom, it is evaluated that the United Kingdom has the best
palliative care in the world but services are still inaccurate for the reasons (Dunleavy and et. al.,
2021). The quality of care is offered in the United Kingdom has been ranked 80 compared to
other countries around the world. These data are usually provided by the economist's intelligence
unit with the proper research and survey that provide a significant role of palliative care in the
UK where many people are usually the services to plan a good death (Leniz, Weil, Higginson
and Sleeman, 2020). The literature review is usually focus on the various aspect which is related
with the concept, effectiveness of palliative care service and ways and interventions that usually
reduce the impact of palliative care in the UK.
The palliative care plays effective role within the patient with the terminal care who used to
face the issue of chronic disease and many more which may cause the issue with the health and
have limited time period which is counted for a months or year it all depend on the support and
care. The palliative care service plays effective role for the formulation of quality of health and
planning which is refer to the good death of the patient with incurable disease. with the context
to the overview of the purpose of the palliative care for the patient with the terminal illness. In
addition, the palliative care are usually shows the aspect which is related with the specialised
medical care that usually focus on the providing of patient from the pain and other symptoms
which is related with the serious illness. In addition, it usually shows no matter what but the
diagnosis or the stage of disease are well analysed and according to the term and care of
palliative care. The palliative care is usually show the aspect of team that is aim to improve the
quality of life for both patient and their families. The palliative care is usually show the aspect
which is related with the planning of good death for the person with incurable disease. In this,
they used to focus on person of care which is supportive in order to provide the planning for
good death that include fulfilment of requirement which is based on the patient desire, goals and

decision which is may foster the support with their need and plan for the relaxation which
provide relieved from pain and other complication which may create difficulties for the health
issue and maintaining of peace. Therefore, palliative care also shows their support to patient and
their family in such a way which develop wellbeing and resilience. It also contributed within the
patient and families help developing sense of understanding which is focus on the care plan or
action plan which is beneficial to plan a good death. For temporary period, the improvement
towards the quality of health is analysed and provide proper aspect which is related with the pain
which is minimised as per the approach which is taken by palliative care team with services. The
palliative care team also support the patient in such a way which help to provide proper pain and
symptoms control for the patient which manage the pain and patient may feel relaxed with their
complexities. In addition, the effectiveness of the palliative care is usually focus on the body and
mind which provide relaxation to the patient and they plan their death in the good way. Overall,
the effective palliative care service with the team may support the patient in order to make proper
plan for their good death with help of terminal care. In the advance stage of disease which is
incurable and there is no any proper treatment which may support the patient to recover, such
disease is cancer and many more. therefore, the palliative care is only option which is useful for
the patient to manage pain and plan toward the good death. Under the comprehensive palliative
care, patient with the terminal cancer have good quality of life and experience a good even with
the short period of survival.
RESEARCH AIM
To understand the effect of palliative care services in the UK for persons living with terminal
conditions.
RESEARCH OBJECTIVE
 To understand the concept of palliative care in the UK for persons living with terminal
conditions.
 To determine the effectiveness of palliative care services, support persons with terminal
conditions in planning a good death?
 To examine the ways and interventions used to reduce the impact of palliative care in the
UK for persons living with terminal conditions.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS
 What is the concept of palliative care in the UK for persons living with terminal
conditions?
 How effectively do palliative care services support persons with terminal conditions in
planning a good death?
 What are the ways and interventions used to reduce the impact of palliative care in the
UK for persons living with terminal conditions?
PRESENTATION AND DATA
The presentation of the research project is usually focus on the palliative care effectiveness
which is require in order to provide the people with terminal care a good death. The presentation
is well focus on the concept of palliative care which is strictly allow the reader in order to create
the good understanding which is appropriate for the knowledge synthesis. The knowledge regard
with the information or data is well rounded with the development of core aspect that is causes,
effectiveness of palliative care that play to support and care the person with terminal condition in
planning a good death. In this research process, the major of discussion is usually carry the main
aim which is helpful in order to create the understanding which is related with the palliative care
that play role in planning of good death. Along with this, the objective is also well focused on the
core development which focus towards the concept, causes and effectiveness which usually main
focus within the report. Therefore, the methodology section also carries source of data collection
such as approach, choice and many more.
CRITIC OR FINDING 2000
While dying is defined as the normal part of the life which is related with any complication
that linked with chronic disease that incurable in nature. Death is often treatment as an illness. As
the complexities, various people are usually dying in the hospital, alone with the consistent pain
which must be managed. Palliative care is usually focus on the primary factor which is
anticipating, preventing, diagnosing and treating the symptoms which is experience by the
patient with the chronic disease or the life-threatening disorder and help the patient and their
families that make medically essential decision (Low and et. al., 2022). The ultimate goals or the
objective of the palliative care service is to improve the quality of life with the management of
pain and planning good death for the patient with the issue which is not treated with medical

feature. In addition, the palliative care unlike the hospice care which does not depend on the
prognosis as the end of life that approach, the role of the palliative care which show them
intensifies and focus on the aggressive symptoms management and psychosocial support that
provide essential aspect for the development of effective palliative care services. The helping of
the patient and their families which show better understanding to the nature of the disorder and
prognosis which is critical part of palliative care which is near end of life. It is well analysed that
the palliative care shows the supportive role with the team who is specialist that help the patient
and their families in order to identify the appropriate medical care and they show them align the
patient care goal with those of the healthcare team. In addition, they used to establish the need
for the medical proxy, advance directive and resuscitation status which is defined as integral part
of the palliative care service at the end-of-life care (Larkin, 2022).
The traditional medical treatment model has shown their outcome that is dichotomous, lead
to create aspect for the physician in order to provide the curative or aggressive treatment which is
initially show their comfort care only when the other measure that provide aspect towards the
failure. The palliative care team provide various of medicine which help to support the goal and
objective in order to provide the comfort to all who is suffering in the all stage of disease and it
have no any limited comfort which may be associated with the care or end of life care. In
addition, the term of palliative care and the hospice care are sometime which is used
interchangeably. Therefore, according to the national quality forum, the hospice care is defined
as the service delivery system which help to provide the palliative care or medicine when the life
expectancy which is related with the 6 month or less and when the curative of life prolonging
therapy is no longer indicated. In addition, it is essential to make difference that show the aspect
of hospice provide the palliative care which is not hospice. Not all available therapeutic
palliative care which is based on the modalities within the hospice service delivery system
(Axelsson, 2022).
The alleviation of suffering which is an essential goal of medical care. However, it is also
analysed that it is first recognise with the occurrence of pain and suffering which may have
contributed to the worst part of patient complexities. According to the Saunder, they are first
describing the concept of total pain and interaction which is support among the various sources
of pain and persistent suffering. The total pain is the addition of patient physical, psychological,
social and spiritual pain. The major approach of the concept which is show the central

assessment and provide proper diagnose of pain and suffering. The component which is may
require to settle down and promote towards the good planning of death for the patient. The
component of the pain is usually involvement (Alshammari, Sim, Lapkin and Stephens, 2022).
P: That is physical issue and problem, often multiple of issue which is must be specifically
diagnose and treatment.
A: Anxiety, anger and depression which is crucial component which is related with the pain
and addresses by the physician in order to make proper cooperation with the other related
healthcare professional that provide proper support for such aspect which may be contributed to
worst pain.
I: The interpersonal issue and problem that majorly include loneliness, financial stress and
the family issue which show the fraction with the fabric of the patient symptoms.
N: They are usually not accepting the approach of death, or the sense of hopelessness and
show the search which is predominately focus on the cause of the severe suffering that is
unrelieved by the term of medication (Mercadante and et. al., 2022).
With this all context, the psychological distress may cause the lack of support which is
associated with the mental level and status. Therefore, lack of social support and physical pain
which is associated with the treating a patient total pain that in imperative especially at the end-
of-life care. Optimal pain usually provides a wider unit of pain which is not possible unless all
the elements of the total pain which is addressed. Clinicians utilise other member which is based
on the multi-disciplinary team which majorly include social worker and Chaplin that provide
better understanding that is related with the different aspect of pain which is well required to
understand by palliative care team for the planning of good death for the person with the
incurable disease or illness (Vernon, Hughes, and Kowalczyk, 2022).
The patient near the end of life which may experience the extreme symptoms that majorly
include the physical, spiritual and psychosocial suffering. The prevention and managing of such
symptoms which may help to show the optimisation that provide the quality of life throughout
that show the dying process that is related with the goal or objective of palliative care medicine.
The factor important in order to provide the seriously ill patient that include adequately
controlling pain and other symptoms that avoid prolongation of the process that is related with
the dying, the achievement towards the sense of control that finding for the meaning in life,
relieving the care which showing the burden of family and the loved ones that provide strength

and completion of those with the same respect of relationship. Therefore, when the death of the
person is come to nearer, the symptoms burden is usually enhancing when the patient and family
tolerance of the physical and emotional stress that may be decrease. With the context to this time,
the primary palliative care and their intervention which is helpful take proper precedence and the
focus which is based on the restorative care that is decreased. The trigger which may influence
the people for the palliative care are usually include the following four symptoms which may
contributed in such a way which plays vital role in the development of quality of services
(Selman and et. al., 2022).
Physical pain: Pain is one of the most prevalent symptoms which is related with near the
end of life. it is also showing the aspect which unrelieved pain which can be source of the
distress for the patient and families which accelerate the symptoms that show the progression of
disease. the proper and adequate management of the pain at the end of life is usually imperative.
The pain killer which is from opioid class of drug that show their analgesic that are show the
standard of the care for the treating the moderate to severe pain in patient with the illness which
is based on the advance stage. However, the both effects are usually show the uncommon
symptoms with the opioid which is provided to the patient in the prominent dose which is
support individual through the release of pain. The healthcare professional who are usually show
the care for the chronically ill and for this at the end-of-life which is should acquire the
competency in the term of pain management (Rawlings and et. al., 2022).
Dyspnoea: This all term is effective to understand in order to provide the proper support and
care to the patient who require palliative care services. As per this, it helps to create an effective
sense of knowledge which is related with the factor which may be contributed with the planning
of good death. Therefore, Dyspnoea the subjective sensation of the shortness of breath is also
associated with the patient with the frequent and distress symptoms which is particularly focus
on the dying patient. The opioid and benzodiazepine which is one of the most widely prescribed
medication for the treating of the dyspnoea. When the death is predominately approached the
clinical aspect are may show their continuous infusion to the management of sign and symptoms
and provide the relieve suffering if the schedule or as needed disease which is not adequate. The
clinicians are usually showing the continuous assess towards the patient that they were schedule
or as needed dose which is require the dose which not adequate and proper. The clinicians which

show the impact which is continually assess the patient and make proper adjustment with the
dose which is not required for the palliative care services (Rose and et. al., 2022).
Death rattle: As the responsive which show the decrease which is towards the end of life, it
become the enhancement which is rare for the patient to control the oropharyngeal secretion. The
death of the rattle is usually associated with the aspect of dying which is showing the second of
air movement which is related with the approach of pooled secretion. In addition, they focus on
the cause of suffering for the dying that provide the concept of death rattle which can be
disturbing for the loved one in order to hear. Therefore, the patient head and using the
appropriate anticholinergic such as atropine and other drug are may palliative medicine to
provide and comfort and provide path to better death which is without pain (Chen and et. al.,
2022).
There are number of patients who is face the issue of chronic disease and they are
pretending that their death is near and come suddenly but for the many, the knowledge that the
one death is imminent comes first. Those with this awareness often must focus on the complete
certain task which is allow the user to take a peaceful death such as offering of forgiveness,
being forgiven from someone and acknowledging various of regrets that has been taken in the
course of finding which have closure in the term of professional and community relationship that
is saying goodbye to their family and friend. The extension in their lifespan are usually focus on
the various aspect which has been taken and provided to the people with chronic disease in such
a way which develop quality of life and planning for the good death. Therefore, it is also
analysed that the people with the such complication require some kind of need which is related
with the day-to-day activities and reach to such point which is focused on good death and before
that the planning has been taken in order to provide the quality of life. The management of pain
is vital role which is perform by the palliative care service and their team show effective
strategies such as providing opioid analgesic and many more (Bhattacharyya and Agarwal,
2022).
The role of palliative care at the end of life is usually focus on the aspect which is related
with relieve the suffering of patient and their families by the comprehensive assessment and
treatment of physical, psychological and spiritual symptoms patient experience. As the death
approach to the patient, then the symptoms and sign are act as burden on the body and function
of the body are start showing error with the process and patient condition become worse and

require more aggression palliation that is related with the effective planning of death. In addition,
the comfort is usually show the measurement which is helpful in order to provide the intensify
that they can support the patient before dying. The palliative care team focus on the collaborative
decision making which process the patient for the good death (Patel and et. al., 2022).
Overall, the conclusive aspect of literature is well focus on the significance that provide the
aspect which situated within the context that is provide a relevance that support the people with
the help of palliative care team. Therefore, the people with the incurable disease are well focus
on the aspect that derive the solution which provide the captive source in term of evaluation
which is validated and reliable for the health outcome. The major strength of the literature is well
focused on the various aspect which include the need, importance and effectiveness of piece of
paper with the term of palliative care. whereas, the weakness is also analysed that is related with
the weak argument which is usually developed on the topic and with the prior limitation such as
people with the other disease that they have unpredictable death and the palliative care does not
support the patient in the proper ways.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 1500
Search strategy
The search strategy is usually referring as the aspect which is undertaken within the
research process which is based on the collection and selection of data from the various source
which may place relevance in the research. The search strategy is usually focus on the various
aspect that help to provide the proper counter towards the source and resource which is evaluated
for the research with the purpose of data collection and selection. The search strategies are may
defined as the source which may be useful to cover the wide range of data that must be review
and gather the information which is productive for research process. In addition, the major search
strategies are well focused on the various website, books and article for the appropriate data
collection and selection. In addition, the search strategies are focused on the PubMed Central,
Springer Link, Science direct and Elsevier. These all are helpful aspect which is related with the
context of search strategy that they are provide knowledge and information that is associated
with palliative care and their effectiveness for the planning of good health. In addition, the search
strategy is usually focus on the various aspect which may configure the good planning which is a
form of data and it is collected with the reliable source that is above mentioned. The PubMed is

usually consisting of various of article that is related with palliative care services and helpful to
provide proper data and information which may support during the research process (Keown,
2022).
Database used
The database is also providing a wide range of information which may associated with the
selected topic that help to provide the quality of research process with the evidence-based data.
The database usually provides the access to scholar the research that include Journals article,
conference proceeding and books which may cat as the resource for the collection of data. They
also provide the access to different type of specific material which contribute towards the quality
of information which majorly include maps, film, news and many more. Within the research
process, the major of database are defined as PubMed central, EMBASE, CINHAL and
UpToDate. Therefore, these all aspect are usually show the contribution which may place
effective contribution for the persistency of relevance that is related with the data and
information (Bellamy and et. al., 2022).
PubMed Central: PubMed is defined as the most reliable source which undertaken for the
research process. it is usually hosted by the National Institute of Health and help to provide the
information that usually include the abstract and links which is related with the full text publisher
website with the article that is more than 28 million.
EMBASE: It is defined as the Excerpta Medica Database is defined proprietary research
database that is include in its corpus PubMed. It is also can be assessed by the other database that
provide the such as Ovid that is productive for the research process. it usually covers the 38
million of article that is related with the data or information which is focused on abstract
(Roberts, A., 2022).
Cochrane library: The Cochrane library is also known as the best and suitable aspect
which is related with the systematic reviews. There are approx. 53 review group which is taking
into the aspect which may provide the surety regards with the published review which has been
taken with the high quality and evidence-based practice. The Article is usually showing the
aspect which is taken over the time to reflect the new research. It usually covers the thousands of
high-quality reviews.
UpToDate: There are some of the aspects which is related with the UpToDate provide the
detailed review which is showing the clinical topic that has been constantly focus and updated in