Research Report: Impact of Pandemic on Students at Nelson College

This research report investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on college students, particularly focusing on changes in student interaction, the benefits of virtual learning environments, and the challenges of digital education. Using a theoretical research approach and a positivist research philosophy, the study employs a deductive research approach and questionnaire strategy to gather quantitative data. The literature review examines classroom interaction during the pandemic, advantages of virtual learning, barriers to effective digital education, and best teaching strategies for virtual environments. Key findings reveal the benefits of online learning in terms of increased retention and flexibility, as well as challenges related to student motivation, digital literacy among teachers, and technical difficulties. The report concludes by discussing the effectiveness of applied research methods, alternative methods, and lessons learned, providing insights into improving education in a virtual learning setting. The research also includes a proposal and ethics approval form.

Research
project
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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
Background of the research.........................................................................................................3
RESEARCH QUESTIONS ............................................................................................................3
RESEARCH AIM ...........................................................................................................................4
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES ...........................................................................................................4
Limitations of the study .................................................................................................................4
P4 Conduct Research using appropriate methods ......................................................................4
Literature review..............................................................................................................................4
Classroom interaction during the pandemic in universities ......................................................4
Virtual learning environment advantages for students ...............................................................5
Barriers in delivering effective digital education to students .....................................................5
Best teaching strategies for virtual environment ........................................................................6
P1 Examine Research Methodologies ........................................................................................6
Research Methodology ...................................................................................................................6
Research Philosophy ..................................................................................................................7
Research approach ....................................................................................................................7
Research strategy .......................................................................................................................8
Data collection ..........................................................................................................................8
Data Sources................................................................................................................................8
Sampling ...................................................................................................................................9
P2 Exploration of alternative methods considering cost assess and ethics ..............................10
P5 Analyse data from research findings ...................................................................................10
Research findings ..........................................................................................................................12
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................18
P6 Effectiveness of the research methods applied ...................................................................18
Covered in PPT.........................................................................................................................18
P7 Alternative methods and Lessons learnt .............................................................................18
Covered in PPT .......................................................................................................................18
REFRENCES.................................................................................................................................20
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APPENDIX ...................................................................................................................................20
P3 Research Proposal ...............................................................................................................20
RESREARCH PROPOSAL .........................................................................................................20
Research Ethics approval form......................................................................................................27
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 INTRODUCTION
The education and teaching field is evolving constantly in order to determine the most
effective practices which improve the quality of education for the students. The purpose of this
investigation is to examine the positive and negative impacts of pandemic on the life of students
and higher education. Uncovering the influence on daily activities of higher education can help
understand the response of the education sector to the pandemic and the way it will shape student
life. This investigation is completed by using appropriate methodologies with justification and
analytical tools are used to effectively communicate the research findings. In addition to this a
reflective statement covering effectiveness of the research alternate research methodologies and
recommendations is also included.
Background of the research
Educational sector has completely changed from the traditional model of providing in
person educational services such as classroom in person lectures and discussion (Mohajan,
2018). The restrictions imposed by the pandemic have increased dependence on digital
technology and many of the changes introduced by the pandemic will continue in the education.
Research about impact of changes implemented by the pandemic on students can help ensure that
the most effective practices are adopted for the future. Investigation evaluating impact rapid
digitization on student life is not conducted extensively. This area of research is significance
because it can help determine the challenges introduced during the pandemic so that suitable and
beneficial digital learning practices are adopted along with traditional education practices in the
future.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
 What are the changes in student interaction after pandemic?
 What are the benefits of virtual learning environment?
 What are the challenges of digital education during pandemic?
 What are the ways of improving education in virtual learning?
RESEARCH AIM
The aim of the research is to “To investigate the impact of pandemic on collage
students.” A case study on Nelson Collage.
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RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
 To understand the changes in student interaction after pandemic. A case study on Nelson
Collage.
 To evaluate the benefits of virtual learning environment. A case study on Nelson Collage.
 To analyse the challenges of digital education. A case study on Nelson Collage.
 To determine ways of improving education during pandemic. A case study on Nelson
Collage
Limitations of the study
There is a specific time period for completion of the investigation and reaching reliable
outcome which limits the research project. The research cannot be finished in a flexible manner
and each activity of the project needs to be completed in a timely manner in order to deliver
research outcome by the given time period. This limits the time for ensuring validity of the
research and conducting every part of the project. The quality of any research project cannot
reach its full potential because deadlines (Mishra and Alok, 2017). In addition to this there is also
the limitation of ensuring that the participants are able to understand provide truthful answers
which needs to be eliminated for effective data collection.
P4 Conduct Research using appropriate methods
Literature review
Classroom interaction during the pandemic in universities
According to Kwaske and McLennan (2022) effective classroom interaction is the
cornerstone for successful online learning. Social interaction in online learning is effective as it
increases student engagements and improve their motivation to actively participate in online
classes (Why social interaction is important in online learning, 2022). Educators as well as
educational institutions need to focus on developing more interactive online learning platforms,
which enables students and teachers to interact as easily as in a physical environment so that
their quality of education is not affected negatively. Interactive digital learning environment and
online classes helps students contribute to their learning through discussions requesting and
sharing course materials and ending course related questions to their teachers. The quick
adoption of online learning platforms after the pandemic has introduced various challenges
related to interaction between students and teachers in an online learning environment but there
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is a huge space for creating interactive online learning content so students are not able to miss
any educational experience in comparison to physical learning. Social interactions between
students is also an important part of providing exceptional educational experience during online
environment, as it enables students to share their ideas in various subjects with seated rest and
student lead discussions increase deeper motivation and understanding in students.
Virtual learning environment advantages for students
According to Haxari (2022), the pandemic has introduced the globe to benefits of online
learning and digital learning environments. There are many benefits of online learning for
students and have been evidenced by research from various institutions. Research conducted by
Institute of America study reported that online education increased strength and rate by about 25
to 60% of what they learned instead of eight to 10% in comparison to students in traditional
learning environments (The Benefits of Online Learning During the Pandemic, 2021). IBM
survey also found that participants could cover nearly 5 times more material through online
learning without increasing their study time. This data suggests that effectiveness of online
service station is high as it improves student retention and helps them engage more with the
educational material in comparison to traditional learning environments. One of the primary
ways in which online learning has been beneficial for students during the pandemics in
comparison to traditional model of learning is that it helps the students study from the safety of
their home and reduces the threat of virus infection during the pandemic. Online learning can
also become more inclusive, as students who are not able to travel or gain accessibility to
physical locations can also learn easily from the safety of their home and create flexible learning
environment for them.
Barriers in delivering effective digital education to students
As per the views of Gutte (2021), one of the primary challenges of online educational
environments is increasing student motivation. The digital education environment creates a lack
of interpersonal touch between students and teachers along with reduced interaction between
students and their peers, which reduces the motivation of students to attend class and increase
their educational participation (What are the biggest challenges facing online education today?,
2021). This challenge not only affects the quality of education given by students, but also affects
their ability to learn new things and participate in class. Another significant challenge which
effects quality of online education for students is the lack of digital literacy among teachers and
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faculty in universities. Teachers are not able to easily shift to their online learning platforms,
which reduces the quality of education delivered to students during the pandemic. In addition to
this, there is also a problem of technical difficulties affecting and interrupting classes, which
leads to time lag and time wastage during online learning. This challenge affects students interest
in the course and disrupts online classroom discussions which can affect the timely completion
of courses and course materials.
Best teaching strategies for virtual environment
As per the views of Prakash (2019), the focus of online learning needs to be on
improving both effectively and productivity by adopting the effective approach. One of the best
ways to improve online education is to focus on sensory experience and improving student
engagement through sensory experiences such as adopting video lectures and improving video
content in online learning coursework (8 Ways To Enhance The Learning Process In Online
Education, 2019). The reason behind adoption of video lectures in online learning is that videos
are the most effective resources to be viewed anytime, anywhere, supporting flexible learning. In
addition to this video, lectures also provide students better experience and assist in their learning
process, particularly for the complex topics which demand a great level of understanding. It is
important that educators adopt their online learning environments as per the learning style of the
individual so that they are giving the best coursework, materials and online learning platforms
for improving their educational experiences.
P1 Examine Research Methodologies
Research Methodology
Research methodology refers to the framework which Provides guidance in completing
research in a consistent and comprehensive manner (Babbie, Wagner and Zaino, 2018).
Empirical research involves conducting research on the basis of observations and measurements
experienced by the researcher. In comparison to this theoretical research is based on logical
assumptions of belief systems. On the one hand, empirical research is based on information
collected through original experiments or observation, while theoretical research includes
analysis of connections and relations between empirical studies to move forward to theoretical
perspective. This report is completed by the application of theoretical research. The justification
for using theoretical research instead of empirical research is that it can help effectively examine
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a phenomenon which has been previously observed. In addition to this it can also help determine
the established nature of knowledge and dependent nature of practice related to the phenomenon
of higher education teaching during the pandemic.
Research Philosophy
The value systems which dictate the ways of applying, utilizing and assembling data for
the research refers to the selected research philosophy. Positivism is a research philosophy which
centers on explanation and prediction with the aim of theory verification (Beauchamp and
DeGrazia, 2019). In addition to this there is also choice of interpretivism research philosophy
involves interpreting elements of the study with a more prominent role of the researcher in
gaining research outcome. In case of the research with focus on determining impact of the
COVID-19 pandemic on students in higher education positivism research is selected. The
reasoning behind selecting positivist as the research philosophy is that it supports clear and
concise discussion of the area of the study. It emphasizes the importance of control,
measurement, reliability and validity in the research.
Research approach
This area of research methodology provides guidance for completion of the investigation
ranging from big presuppositions to detailed actions necessary for completing the research.
Deductive research approach is characterized by reading existing, testing existing hypothesis and
collecting observations to support the hypothesis (Kumar, 2018). On the other hand
interpretivism involves extrapolating information on the basis of existing data and numerical
transformation (Brace, 2018). This research applies the deductive research approach as it permits
identification of cause and effect and assists in generalization. In addition to this, the deductive
research approach is associated with quantitative research which supports usage of numerical
data and is beneficial for the present study.
Research strategy
Research strategy includes sequences of action which provide guidance and support in
completing the study and also introduces the main components of the study. A variety of options
are present which can be taken as the strategy for a study such as case study research,
questionnaire, survey and others (Marshall, Coleman and Reason, 2017). In the present study
which looks at the negative as well as positive impact of impact of pandemic on students in
8

higher education field, the research strategy which is utilized is questionnaire. The usage of
questionnaire is justified as it provides quantitative data from first hand sources which enables
reliable completion for the study (Snyder, 2019). Apart from this, questionnaire research strategy
is less time consuming than other research strategy options and provides better objective results
(Bresler and Stake, 2017).
Data collection
The procedure of gathering and evaluating data from specific sources in order to answer
research questions is defined as data collection. The major ways of collection data for a research
are defined as qualitative data collection and quantitative data collection (Weaver et. al., 2017).
Qualitative data collection is more focused on understanding the human experience and is
descriptive while qualitative data looks at the measurable aspects of information which is
numerical in nature (Holmes, 2020). This study is completed by usage of quantitative data
collection as it makes data measurable which is useful for checking the validity of the research.
In addition to this quantitative data is more helpful in enhancing objective aspects of the research
because it cannot be affected due to the personal beliefs and presumptions of the researcher
which alters the research outcome.
Data Sources
The point of origin for each type of information being used in the research is different is
the source of the data for the research (Nayak and Singh, 2021). Primary data sources and
secondary data sources are the two main options available for collecting data for an
investigation. Primary data sources include the sources from where data and data is collected by
the research while the secondary data sources include sources in which data is collected earlier
by others and is being used by the researcher for the investigation (Miles, Huberman and
Saldaña, 2018). In context of the present investigation, which focuses on understanding the
impacts of pandemic and changes, it caused the higher education field and lives students the
primary data sources are utilized. The reasoning behind usage of primary data sources for the
research is that it can be used to find the specifics information needed for completing the study
and answering their research questions (Wrona and Sinzig, 2018). These are just print media
associates also increases the reliability and validity of the research as it comes from first-hand
sources directly collected by the researcher instead of some other already existing source.
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Sampling
The process of extracting and examining a substitute data from a population in order to
make relevant inferences about the area of the study is defined as data sampling. Further research
is defined as data sampling (Al Kilani, M., 2016). The two main methods which can be used for
data sampling are probabilistic and non-probabilistic data sampling methods. This investigation
involves usage of probabilistic sampling method as it supports randomized sampling which
cannot be affected by the personal biases of the researcher and reduce systematic and in the
sampling process.
SAMPLE SIZE: 20
Gantt chart and WBS
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P2 Exploration of alternative methods considering cost assess and ethics
Alternative options for completing the research can be used. This involves the usage of
experimental research strategy. This can help determine the actual impact and changes
introduced because of the pandemic on the UK education industry. The is not a cost effective
alternative for the investigation as conducting an experimental research requires high investment.
In addition to this there is also issues of ethical participation of individuals in the experiment
without affecting negatively. Finally, the accessibility and validity of the experiment research is
also a challenge. The usage of questionnaire as a research strategy is suitable as it can be
completed in a cost-effective manner and does not have many challenges related to ethics
(Ibrahim and Lobel,2020).
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P5 Analyse data from research findings
Questionnaire
Name
Age
Gender
Q1) Do you agree with the statement that virtual learning during the pandemic has
positively affected students?
a) Yes
b) No
Q2) What is the primary benefit of online learning?
a) Flexibility
b) Self-paced learning
c) Easy access to coursework
d) Betterment of digital skills
Q3) What is the primary limitation of online learning?
a) Social isolation
b) ineffective time management
c) Lack of motivation
d) Technical difficulties interrupting learning
Q4) Do you agree with the statement that virtual learning environment and physical
learning ended to be adopted as hybrid system for students after the pandemic?
a) Yes
b) No
Q5) What are the main virtual learning challenges faced by education sector during the
pandemic?
a) Insufficient student teacher communication
b) Infrastructural challenges
c) Lack of faculty training
d) Lack of student attendance in virtual learning classrooms
Q6) Which is the most effective practice for improving virtual learning for higher
education students?
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a) Updating virtual learning technology
b) Making materials more accessible to students
c) Providing clear communication
d) Building student relationships
Research findings
Q1) Do you agree with the statement that
virtual learning during the pandemic has
positively affected students?
Frequency
a) Yes 10
b) No 10
Interpretation: From the above graph it is determined that out of 20 respondents 10 state that
virtual learning during pandemic has be beneficial for the students while 10 disagree about the
belief.
Q2) What is the primary benefit of online
learning?
Frequency
a) Flexibility 5
b) Self-paced learning 4
13
10 10 a) Yes
b) No

c) Easy access to coursework 6
d) Betterment of digital skills 5
Interpretation: From the above graph it is interpreted that out of 20 respondents 5
respondents state that flexibility provided by online learning environment is the primary benefit
of virtual learning. According to four respondents, selfish lining available with the help of online
learning and six students state that easier accessibility to coursework at the primary benefits
given by online learning in the pandemic. Finally, 5 remaining students have stated that
betterment in digital skills due to the online learning environment created during the pandemic is
the main benefit of online learning.
Q3) What is the primary limitation of online
learning?
Frequency
a) Social isolation 9
b) ineffective time management 4
c) Lack of motivation 2
d) Technical difficulties interrupting learning 5
14
5
4
6
5
a) Flexibility
b) Self-paced learning
c) Easy access to
coursework
d) Betterment of digital
skills

Interpretation: From the above graph it is interpreted that out of 20 respondents 9
respondents have stated that the social isolation created due to online learning and lack of
interaction with peers and teachers is the main limitation created by online learning during the
pandemic. According to 4 respondents' usage of online learning created in effective time
management, which is the main limitation of online learning environment in higher education
fields. Two participants have stated that the lack of motivation increase due to the usage of
online learning in the pandemic is the chief limitation of online learning. As stated by the five
respondents, the technical difficulties which continuously disrupt and interrupt learning during
online learning in the pandemic is the main limitation of digital learning environments.
Q3) Do you agree with the statement that
virtual learning environment and physical
learning ended to be adopted as hybrid
system for students after the pandemic?
Frequency
a) Yes 15
b) No 5
15
9
4
2
5
a) Social isolation
b) ineffective time
management
c) Lack of motivation
d) Technical difficulties
interrupting learning

Interpretation: From the above graph it is interpreted that out of 20 respondents 15
believe talent creating a hybrid system which includes both virtual as well as physical learning
environment is beneficial for growth of the students in higher education fields after the pandemic
while 5 disagree with the statement.
Q5) What are the main virtual learning
challenges faced by education sector during
the pandemic?
Frequency
a) Insufficient student teacher communication 4
b) Infrastructural challenges 2
c) Lack of faculty training 10
d) Lack of student attendance in virtual
learning classrooms
4
16
15
5
a) Yes
b) No

Interpretation: From the above graph it is interpreted that four participants have stated
that inefficient communication between the teachers and the student is the main challenge which
affected the student education during the pandemic negatively. As per 2 participants the
infrastructure challenges associated with implementing online learning and creating virtual
learning environment for large scale universities and connecting students during the pandemic to
provide effective education services is the primary challenge affecting effective implementation
of online learning environment in higher education fields. Ten respondents have stated that the
lack of training given to the faculty for providing effective education during online learning
environment is the main challenge associated with adopting digital learning, while remaining
four respondents have stated that the lack of attendance of students during virtual learning in the
pandemic is the main challenge affecting higher education digital learning during the pandemic.
Q6) Which is the most effective practice for
improving virtual learning for higher
education students?
Frequency
a) Updating virtual learning technology 8
b) Allowing students to keep track of their
learning process
2
c) Providing clear communication 3
17
4
2
10
4
a) Insufficient student
teacher communication
b) Infrastructural
challenges
c) Lack of faculty training
d) Lack of student
attendance in virtual
learning classrooms

d) Building student relationships 7
Interpretation: From the above graph it is determined that out of 20 respondents the
statement of eight respondents looks at updating virtual learning technology for providing
effective education to students in digital learning environments. According to two participants
providing students the opportunity to look at their learning practice is an effective teaching
practice for improving experience of students in a digital learning environment. 3
respondents have stated that providing clear communication to students and effective strategy for
improving experience of students in digital learning environment while according to
7 respondents building student relationships is essential for enhancing student experience in case
of online learning.
18
8
2 3
7
a) Updating virtual
learning technology
b) Allowing students to
keep track of their
learning process
c) Providing clear
communication
d) Building student
relationships

 CONCLUSION
From the above study, it is concluded that it is important to construct a clear research
methodology for completing the research in a timely manner. Utilizing literature review is
effective for completing a research because it helps underpins the main idea of the research and
helps reduce the research outcome. It is also important to consider alternative research methods
as it can be used for improving their research methodology. Primary research is suitable for
completing the research in Italy manner because it has gained relevant data from direct sources
quickly and in a cost effective manner. Research tools such as Gantt chart and work breakdown,
search for support, timely completion of the research as they help in completing large objectives
of the investigation by breaking down into smaller tasks and supporting scheduled completion of
various activities.
P6 Effectiveness of the research methods applied
Covered in PPT
P7 Alternative methods and Lessons learnt
Covered in PPT
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REFRENCES
Books and Journals
Al Kilani, M., 2016. An overview of research methodology in information systems (IS). Open
Access Library Journal. 3(11). p.1.
Babbie, E., Wagner III, W. E. and Zaino, J., 2018. Adventures in social research: Data analysis
using IBM SPSS statistics. Sage Publications.
Beauchamp, T. L. and DeGrazia, D., 2019. Principles of animal research ethics. Oxford
University Press.
Brace, I., 2018. Questionnaire design: How to plan, structure and write survey material for
effective market research. Kogan Page Publishers.
Bresler, L. and Stake, R. E., 2017. Qualitative research methodology in music education. Critical
Essays in Music Education. pp.113–128.
Holmes, A. G. D., 2020. Researcher Positionality--A Consideration of Its Influence and Place in
Qualitative Research--A New Researcher Guide. Shanlax International Journal of
Education, 8(4). pp.1-10.
Ibrahim, S. M. and Lobel, M., 2020. Conceptualization, measurement, and effects of pregnancy-
specific stress: review of research using the original and revised Prenatal Distress
Questionnaire. Journal of behavioral medicine, 43(1). pp.16-33.
Kumar, R., 2018. Research Methodology: A Step-by-step Guide for Beginners. Sage.
Marshall, J., Coleman, G. and Reason, P., 2017. Leadership for sustainability: An action
research approach. Routledge.
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M. and Saldaña, J., 2018. Qualitative data analysis: A methods
sourcebook. Sage publications.
Mishra, S. B., and Alok, S., 2017. Handbook of research methodology. Edu creation.
Mohajan, H. K., 2018. Qualitative research methodology in social sciences and related subjects.
Journal of Economic Development, Environment, and People. 7(1). pp.23–48.
Nayak, J. K. and Singh, P., 2021. Fundamentals of Research Methodology Problems and
Prospects. SSDN Publishers & Distributors.
Snyder, H., 2019. Literature review as a research methodology: an overview and guidelines.
Journal of Business Research. 104. pp.333–339.
Weaver et. al., 2017. An introduction to statistical analysis in research: with applications in the
biological and life sciences. John Wiley & Sons.
Wrona, T. and Sinzig, C., 2018. Nonmarket strategy research: systematic literature review and
future directions. Journal of Business Economics, 88(2). pp.253-317.
Online
Why social interaction is important in online learning, 2022. [Online] Available through
<https://sopa.tulane.edu/blog/why-social-interaction-important-online-learning>
The Benefits of Online Learning During the Pandemic, 2021. [Online] Available through
<https://www.lcca.org.uk/blog/student-life/the-benefits-of-online-learning-during-the-
pandemic/ >
What are the biggest challenges facing online education today?, 2021. [Online] Available
through <https://www.hurix.com/what-are-the-biggest-challenges-facing-online-
education-today/ >
20

8 Ways To Enhance The Learning Process In Online Education, 2019. [Online] Available
through <https://elearningindustry.com/learning-process-in-online-education-8-ways-
enhance
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APPENDIX
P3 Research Proposal
 RESREARCH PROPOSAL
INTRODUCTION
The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced various changes in ways education being
received by students specifically in the higher education field. The ways of student teacher
interaction along with completing higher education assessment is completely changed because of
the COVID-19 pandemic as virtual learning has replaced physically attending classrooms. This
Research proposal focuses on the changes introduced by the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact
on the students in higher education. The Higher Education institution selected for this research is
Nelson college. Ilford and Gants hill are the two campuses of Nelson collage in UK and the
institute offers wide variety of courses including hospitality management.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
 What are the changes in student interaction after pandemic?
 What are the benefits of virtual learning environment?
 What are the challenges of digital education during pandemic?
 What are the ways of improving education in virtual learning?
RESEARCH AIM
The aim of the research is to “To investigate the impact of pandemic on collage
students.” A case study on Nelson Collage.
RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
 To understand the changes in student interaction after pandemic. A case study on Nelson
Collage.
 To evaluate the benefits of virtual learning environment. A case study on Nelson Collage.
 To analyse the challenges of digital education. A case study on Nelson Collage.
 To determine ways of improving education during pandemic. A case study on Nelson
Collage.
Literature Review
Communication with students in pandemic
22

According to Barron et. al., (2021), the COVID- 19 pandemic has shifted the roles of teachers
as importance of pedagogical adaptation has increased (The changing role of teachers and
technologies amidst the COVID 19 pandemic: key findings from a cross-country study, 2021).
Traditional method of lecturing students in person does not provide equally Effective experience
to the strains in a remote learning environment and teachers have to change their way of
engaging with students in order to ensure that each student gains knowledge. Technological
interventions have played an important role in enhancing teacher engagement with students as
teachers are able to better support learning by access to content, data and networks.
Virtual learning environment in Universities
As per the views of Boulton et. al., (2018), there is a correlation between various types of
learning outcomes, and engagement and participation in online learning environment. In an
environment which is completely dependent on online learning, engagement is usually defined in
terms of student interaction with single system, such as the virtual learning environment. On the
other hand, strange interaction in physical universities which requires attending classes’ student
engagement is teacher centric and cannot be clearly defined. The reason for this is that
interaction between students and teachers which supports learning occurs in different ways
including class lectures and individual guiding remarks given by the teacher to students (Virtual
learning environment engagement and learning outcomes at a ‘bricks-and-mortar’ university,
2018)..
Negative impact of virtual education in universities
According to tamm (2022), dear, can be various disadvantages of learning, primarily
through virtual environment and online learning which has increased during the pandemic.
Virtual learning reduces the feedback between teachers and students which is a major
disadvantage. In addition to this, virtual learning requires self motivation and time management
skills by the students in order to cover the lessons and gain the best experience. This can be
difficult for students from different backgrounds who are dependent on external motivational
sources (10 Biggest Disadvantages of E-Learning, 2022). Finally, a dependency in high usage of
virtual learning environment to gain education can increase social isolation of the strings and
also affect their communication skill development.
Effective teaching practices in pandemic
23

As per the views of Goodwin (2020), one of the best teaching practises which can be
adopted during the pandemic, is to create a welcoming environment for the students. Teacher
student interaction through screen and online learning requires a continuous effort to make
students feel comfortable in the environment such as taking action of emailing welcome
messages to each student (Top Ten Ways to Engage Students in Deeper Learning during COVID,
2020). This helps reduce social isolation and creates better environment for students. In addition
to this, constantly communicating with the students, helping them voice their opinion, gaining
continuous feedback also supports improvement of the virtual learning environment so that
students are able to gain the best experience from education during the pandemic.
Research Methodology
Empirical research and theoretical research are the two options present when considering
research methodology for a study. In case of this investigation theoretical research is selected.
The justification for selecting theoretical research is that it supports generalisations of observed
phenomena and also helps in identification of limit. Creation of new knowledge is supported by
theoretical research and gaining improved understanding of variables.
Research Philosophy
The worldview which states in what ways information needs to be collected, analysed
and utilised in an investigation Is defined as the research philosophy. A study is completed by
using any of the main research philosophes such as interpretivism or positivism. In this study the
research philosophy chosen is positivism, because it can be used to gain generalized results and it
leans towards quantitative methods which improves the objectivity of the investigation.
Research approach
The plan of action, which includes steps of extensive presuppositions along with
meticulous detail rrefers to the strategy of the research (Maher and et. al., 2018). Deductive end
inductive research approach are the research approaches options at the disposal for completion of
a study. In case of this investigation the chosen research approaches deductive research
approach. The decision for selection of research approach is justified because deductive research
approach makes it possible to generalise concepts and measure them in a quantitative manner.
The possibility of quantitative measurement increases the reliability and objective nature of the
research.
Research strategy
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There are different type of research strategies which can be utilised for completing a study such
as experimental research, interview, questionnaire or case study research (Guo and et. al., 2020).
The study will be completed by using questionnaire because it is a cost-effective method of
collecting data directly from the source which is also suitable for attaining research objectives.
Data collection
The procedure of collection and measurement of information of variables of interest to
the study in a systematised manner, which helps answering the research questions and evaluation
of research outcome, is defined as data collection. Qualitative data collection and quantitative
data collection are the two options which can be used for gathering data in a study. In context of
this investigation, the chosen data collection method is quantitative data collection method
because it increases the reliability of the search as personal biases do not affect the research data
gathering method.
Data Sources
Primary and secondary data sources are the alternatives which help in collection of
relevant data for an investigation. For this investigation, both primary and secondary data
sources will be utilised. This is justified as primary sources provide information relevant to the
research while usage of secondary data sources provides a deeper understanding to the research.
Sampling
Probabilistic sampling method and non-probabilistic sampling method can be taken into
usage for completing the sampling process in investigation (Berndt, 2020). This investigation
involves usage of probabilistic sampling method. This justification for using probabilistic
sampling method is because it reduces errors and eliminates researcher personal prejudice
influencing the sampling procedure leading to inaccurate research outcome.
SAMPLE SIZE: 20
Gantt chart and WBS
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ANTICIPATED RESEARCH OUTCOME
The potential outcome of the research will focus on the positive as well as negative
impacts of virtual learning environment and pandemic on students and their overall educational
experience. The research will help identify the advantages gained from virtual learning
environment in terms of student engagement and participation, along with improvement in
knowledge, accessibility. In addition to this, the potential outcome of the research will highlight
the challenges faced by teachers engaging and interacting with students during the pandemic and
utilising the virtual learning environment effectively.
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REFRENCES
Books and Journals
Berndt, A. E., 2020. Sampling methods. Journal of Human Lactation, 36(2). pp.224-226.
Guo and et. al., 2020. Bibliometric analysis of affective computing researches during 1999~
2018. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 36(9). pp.801-814.
Maher and et. al., 2018. Ensuring rigor in qualitative data analysis: A design research approach
to coding combining NVivo with traditional material methods. International journal of
qualitative methods, 17(1). p.1609406918786362.
Online
10 Biggest Disadvantages of E-Learning, 2022. [Online] Available through <https://e-
student.org/disadvantages-of-e-learning/#:~:text=There%20are%20some%20major
%20drawbacks,pushed%20aside%20in%20online%20discussions.&text=E%2DLearning%20can
%20cause%20social,skill%20development%20in%20online%20students>
The changing role of teachers and technologies amidst the COVID 19 pandemic: key findings
from a cross-country study, 2021. [Online] Available through <
https://blogs.worldbank.org/education/changing-role-teachers-and-technologies-amidst-covid-
19-pandemic-key-findings-cross>
Top Ten Ways to Engage Students in Deeper Learning during COVID, 2020. [Online] Available
through <https://www.aypf.org/blog/10-ways-to-engage-dl-in-covid/>
Virtual learning environment engagement and learning outcomes at a ‘bricks-and-mortar’
university, 2018. [Online] Available through
<https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S036013151830174X>
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Research Ethics approval form
All students conducting research activity that involves human participants or the use of data
collected form human participants are required to gain ethical approval before commencing their
research. Please answer all relevant questions and note that your form may be returned if
incomplete.
For further support and guidance please see your respective Unit Tutor:
Before completing this form, we advise that you discuss your proposed research fully with your
unit tutor. Please complete this form in good time before your research project is due to
commence.
Section 1: Basic details:
Project title: To examine the impact of pandemic on collage students. A case study on Nelson
Collage.
Student name:
Student ID number:
Programme:
College Name:
Intended research start date: 01-12-20
Intended research end date: 03-05-21
Section 2 Project summary
Please select all research methods that you plan to use as a part of your project:
 Interviews Yes No
 Questionnaires Yes No
 Observations Yes No
 Use of personal records Yes No
 Data Analysis Yes No
 Action Research Yes No
 Focus Groups Yes No
 Others (Please specify) :
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Section 3: Participants
Please answer the following questions, giving full details where necessary.
Will your research involve human participants?
Who are the participants? Tick all that apply:
Ages 12-16: Young people aged: 17-18 Adults:
How will participants be recruited (identified an approached)?
The two approaches of sampling that is non-probability and probability. As per the report,
probability sampling will be applied for recruiting 20 staff of Nelson collage.
Describe the processes you will use to inform participants about what you are doing:
E-mail, written and oral presentation will be chosen.
How will you obtain consent from participants? Will this be written? How will it be made clear to
participants that they may withdraw consent to participate at any time?
For obtaining consent from recruited respondents, all data about the investigation will be given
effectively which is in written form.
Studies involving questionnaires: will participants be given the option of omitting questions that do
not wish to answer?
Yes No
If no please explain why below and ensure that you cover any ethical issues arising from this
Studies involving observation: Confirm whether participants will be asked for their informed
consent to be observed.
Yes No
Will you debrief participants at the end of their participation (i.e give them a brief explanation of the
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study)?
Yes No
Will participants be given information about the findings of your study?(This could be a brief
summary of your findings in general)
Yes No
Section 4: Data Storage and Security
Confirm that all personal data will be stored and processed in compliance with the Data Protection
Act (1998)
Yes No
Who will have access to the data and personal information?
During the research:
Where will the data be stored?
Will mobile devices such as USB storage and laptops be used
Yes No
If Yes, please provide further details:
After the research:
Where will the data be stored?
How long will the data and records be kept for and in what format?
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Will data be kept for use by other researchers? Yes No
Section 5 : Ethical Issues
Are there any particular features of your proposed work, which may raise ethical concerns? If so,
please outline how you will deal with these:
It is important that you demonstrate your awareness of potential risks that may arise because of your
research. Please consider/address all issues that may apply. Ethical concerns may include, but are not
limited to the following :
 Informed consent.
 Potentially vulnerable participants.
 Sensitive topics
 Risk to participants and /or researchers
 Confidentiality/anonymity
 Disclosures/ limits to confidentiality
 Data storage and security, both during and after the research (including transfer, sharing,
encryption, protection).
 Reporting
 Dissemination and use of your findings.
Section 6: Declaration
I have read, understood and will abide by the institution’s Research and Ethics Policy: Yes
No
I have discussed the ethical issues relating to my research with my Unit Tutor:
Yes No
I confirm that to the best of my knowledge:
The above information is correct, and this is a full description of the ethical issues that may
arise in the course of my research
Name: Date:
Please submit your completed form to your supervisor and also attach to the Research Proposal
when submitting to Turnitin.
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