Parental Input and Family-Centered Care: Data Analysis Report

This report presents a systematic review and data analysis examining the importance of parental input in family-centered care, focusing on studies related to neonatal intensive care units (NICU). The report addresses a clinical question regarding the role of parental input and uses the Cochrane Library database to identify relevant articles. It includes an analysis of three key studies, including randomized controlled trials, evaluating interventions such as parent education programs and parental presence during clinical rounds. The statistical interpretations of each study are provided, highlighting the impact of parental involvement on infant outcomes like weight gain, length of stay, and readmissions, as well as parental outcomes such as anxiety and satisfaction. The report concludes that parental participation is crucial for achieving positive patient outcomes and upholding the principles of family-centered care, supported by statistical significance in the reviewed studies.

N A M E O F T H E S T U D Y:
N A M E O F T H E U N I V E R S I T Y:
DATA ANALYSIS OF
RESEARCH

Background:
Family centred care is an
important component of
children’s nursing and it
involves negotiation between
health professionals and
family to engage in shared
decision making for the care
of the child.
Parent engagement in family
centred care is considered
important so that parents
have better control over
decision making and any
conflict during care delivery is
avoided (Hill, Knafl &
Santacroce, 2018).

Clinical question based on PICOT:
The clinical question that has been framed to
investigate about the topic includes ‘What is
the role of parental input in family centred
care?
The search for relevant articles has been done
in Cochrane library databases.

Aim
• The main aim of this systematic review is to
find high quality evidence on the importance
of parental input in family centred care.
• The purpose of the study is to identify benefits
of parent input in family centred care and
patient outcomes

Database selected:
Cochrane library has been
selected as the database for
retrieving articles relevant
to the research question.
The main advantage of
using Cochrane library is
that it has a collection of
high quality evidence to
inform health care decision.
The advanced search option
in the database would
provide enough flexibility to
conduct literature search as
per research objective.

Search strategy
Key terms: The search for relevant article was
done using the search term ‘parental
engagement’, ‘parent input’ and family
centred care. In case of advanced search, the
key terms were combined using Boolean
operator ‘AND’. For example, the following
search term was used:
Parental engagement AND family centred care
Parent input AND family centred care

Search strategy
Search filters: The search limits option of
the advanced search in the database was
used to set publication date and content type.
The publication date was set between Jan
2015 to January 2019 and the content type
selected included trials.
Inclusion criteria: The inclusion criteria was
to select only evidence from top level of
hierarchy such as randomized controlled trial
and systematic reviews. Only those articles
were selected which were published between
2015 and 2019.

Reviewed database results:
After the use of search terms, 53 trials were obtained that
had the search terms. The articles were further analyzed
by reading the title and abstract of the research articles.
More than 40 articles were removed at this stage based
on title as it did not matched with the requirement of the
research question
10 additional articles were excluded from the systematic
review as they were not randomized controlled trial or
systematic review
Hence, 3 articles were found which gave idea about the
importance or benefits of parental input in family
centered care.

List of articles identified:
The following are the list of articles that has been identified through
database search:
Zhang, R., Huang, R. W., Gao, X. R., Peng, X. M., Zhu, L. H., Rangasamy,
R., & Latour, J. M. (2018). Involvement of Parents in the Care of Preterm
Infants: A Pilot Study Evaluating a Family-Centered Care Intervention in
a Chinese Neonatal ICU. Pediatric critical care medicine, 19(8), 741-
747.
Abdel-Latif, M.E., Boswell, D., Broom, M., Smith, J. and Davis, D., 2015.
Parental presence on neonatal intensive care unit clinical bedside
rounds: randomised trial and focus group discussion. Archives of
Disease in Childhood-Fetal and Neonatal Edition, 100(3), pp.F203-F209.
Carty, C. L., Soghier, L. M., Kritikos, K. I., Tuchman, L. K., Jiggetts, M.,
Glass, P., ... & Fratantoni, K. R. (2018). The Giving Parents Support
Study: A randomized clinical trial of a parent navigator intervention to
improve outcomes after neonatal intensive care unit
discharge. Contemporary clinical trials, 70, 117-134.

Interpret statistical result: Evidence 1
Aim: Zhang et al. (2018) aimed to
investigate about the effectiveness of a
family centered care intervention in a
Chinese neonatal ICU by involving
parents in the care of infants.
Design: The study was done using
randomized controlled trial design.
Participants: The participants for the
study included premature infants and
parents
Intervention: Parent education program
was implemented followed by parent’s
participation in care
Results: By the measurement of primary
outcome variables like weight gain,
length of stay and readmissions and
parental outcome like anxiety and
satisfaction, the study revealed that
involvement of parents in the care
improves clinical outcome of infants.
Statistical interpretation: The
sample size of the study included
120 parents and 66 infants. Based
on the research design and study
purpose, the sample size is
considered appropriate. The
credibility of the work is also
enhanced by no lost to follow up
cases. The review of statistical
detail related to p-value indicates
that most of the outcomes were
statistically significant as the p
value value was <0.001 for
outcomes like nosocomial infection
and incidence rates. The strength of
the study is that gives direction to
enhance collaborative work with
parents to promote quality of care in
NICU.

Interpret statistical result: Evidence 2
Aim: Abdel-Latif et al. (2015)
aimed to investigate about the
impact of parental present at
the clinical bedside rounds in
family centered care outcome.
Design: Cross-over
randomized controlled trial
involving parents of infants
admitted to NICU was
conducted
Result: Majority of parents
regarding parental presence as
important during clinical
bedside round and benefits of
parental presence was realized
Statistical interpretation:
The study was done with 72
parents and this is considered
appropriate as appropriate
sample size calculation was
done prior to the
implementation of the
intervention. The sample size
calculation also considered
two-sided 0.05 significance
level which is a strength of the
study. The selection of p value
of 0.05 also suggests that
significant differences existed
related to outcome in
intervention and control group.

Interpret statistical result:
Evidence 3
Aim: Carty et al. (2018)
aimed assess the impact of
parent navigation on infant
health care utilization
Design: Randomized trial
Intervention: Contact with
each parent was initiated as
the intervention for the
study
Results: The intervention
was successful in reconciling
different among parents and
staff and achieving positive
outcome for parents.
Statistical interpretation:
300 infant-parent dyads
were enrolled and this is
considered appropriate as
the period of follow-up was
12 months. The research
consideration of observing
significant difference in p
values (p<0.05) is also
considered useful as
enhance reliability of the
work and favoured
appropriate testing of
intervention effects.

Conclusion
The systematic review gives the indication that
parental input and participation is important
to achieve positive patient outcome and fulfill
the basic tenets of family centered care

REFERENCES
Abdel-Latif, M.E., Boswell, D., Broom, M., Smith, J. and Davis, D., 2015.
Parental presence on neonatal intensive care unit clinical bedside
rounds: randomised trial and focus group discussion. Archives of
Disease in Childhood-Fetal and Neonatal Edition, 100(3), pp.F203-F209.
Carty, C. L., Soghier, L. M., Kritikos, K. I., Tuchman, L. K., Jiggetts, M.,
Glass, P., ... & Fratantoni, K. R. (2018). The Giving Parents Support Study:
A randomized clinical trial of a parent navigator intervention to improve
outcomes after neonatal intensive care unit discharge. Contemporary
clinical trials, 70, 117-134.
Hill, C., Knafl, K. A., & Santacroce, S. J. (2018). Family-centered care from
the perspective of parents of children cared for in a pediatric intensive
care unit: an integrative review. Journal of pediatric nursing, 41, 22-33.
Zhang, R., Huang, R. W., Gao, X. R., Peng, X. M., Zhu, L. H., Rangasamy,
R., & Latour, J. M. (2018). Involvement of Parents in the Care of Preterm
Infants: A Pilot Study Evaluating a Family-Centered Care Intervention in
a Chinese Neonatal ICU. Pediatric critical care medicine, 19(8), 741-747.