Part-Time Work and Its Impacts on International Students' Academics

This essay explores the multifaceted impacts of part-time work on international students, focusing on its effects on their GPA and academic careers. It examines the common perception that international male students are more likely to engage in part-time jobs than their female counterparts, delving into the reasons behind this disparity, including financial needs and employer biases. The literature review discusses conflicting views on whether part-time work enhances employability and skills or negatively affects academic performance. The essay concludes that while part-time jobs can offer financial support and valuable experience, their impact on GPA and gender-based employment opportunities remains a complex issue influenced by individual circumstances and employer perceptions. This resource is available on Desklib, a platform providing study tools and solved assignments for students.

Running head: PART TIME WORK AND ITS IMPACTS
PART TIME WORK AND ITS IMPACTS
Name of the student
Name of the university
Author note

1PART TIME WORK AND ITS IMPACTS
1. Introduction
The part time job, which is familiar among the students who are pursuing relevant
studies, has helped in enhancing the skills of the individuals in the different aspects. The part
time work gives an opportunity to the students to perform field jobs to enhance their skills and
experience, which helps in the latter part to design their career. The differences in the statistics of
the male over the female’s involvement in the part time jobs are dependent on the question of the
fulfillment of their daily needs while pursuing the education in the different fields. The change of
needs has insisted the students to take up part time jobs based on their intentions. The question of
the needs of the students is unavoidable while considering the context of their early employment
in the different section of the workforce. The perception that the international male candidates
are more likely to be employed in the different part time works while pursuing their education
than the female candidates. On the other hand, the manner in which the GPA (Grade point
average) of the candidates is affected through their indulgence in the different part time job roles
is again a point of discussion in this context.
The research aims to explore the different manner in which the part time jobs affect the
GPA of the students who are indulged in the different part time jobs while pursuing their
academic careers. On the other hand, the involvement of the male members to the part time jobs
is also being examined as a part of the research that is undertaken.
2. Literature review
2.1. Impact of part time work on the GPA of the international students
Spiegler and Bednarek (2013) stated that the part time work helps the students in the
international markets to gain experience and thereby brush up their skills in a particular industry.

2PART TIME WORK AND ITS IMPACTS
It helps in enhancing the scopes of e4mployability of the students in the future through the
identification of their experiences in the different sectors of the industry. However, Robb, Moody
and Abdel-Ghany (2012) argued that the involvement of the students in the different part time
jobs affects their academics and GPA. The different situations that are faced by the students
while entertaining the responsibilities that are entrusted upon them by their part time recruiters
affects their academic studies as the students get too much involved in the job practices.
According to a research undertaken by Liao, Ferdenzi and Edlin (2012) some 74% of the
students are benefitted through the part time work while pursuing their academic careers. In a
questionnaire prepared by the author through the sampling of 118 students of an university, it
was observed that the field job helped them in identifying and thereby enhancing their
professional skills, which will be helping them to get employed after they finish their academic
courses. On the other hand, Wolff, Wood-Kustanowitz and Ashkenazi (2014) opined that the
students spend most of their time in the part time jobs thinking it to be real time which affected
their academic studies more abruptly. However, Jewkes, Flood and Lang (2015) stated that the
identification of the different needs of the students to pursue their education as expatriates is
facilitated through the part time jobs. The part time jobs have helped in supporting the financial
abilities of the students and thereby encouraging them to undertake higher studies.
Robb, Moody and Abdel-Ghany (2012) stated in the research that part time jobs helps in
enhancing the capabilities of the students to get employed in the different sections of the
organizations after they complete their academic studies. Spiegler and Bednarek (2013) opined
that the part time jobs offers the students with a scope of undertaking field jobs to identify the
issues at a younger age and thereby helps them in coming up with strategies to mitigate the
issues. Mounsey, Vandehey and Diekhoff (2013) opined that mostly the students who gets

3PART TIME WORK AND ITS IMPACTS
indulged in the functions of the organization before getting the proper degrees might affect the
employability of the students in the future. Darolia (2014) argued that the identification of the
needs of the students relating to their financial capabilities is supported through the part time
jobs.
Therefore, it can be concluded that the academic career of the international students
depends on the part time jobs, which helps in enhancing the skills and the abilities of the
individuals to be employed in future. Experience and the skills of the people helps in maintaining
the different levels of changes in the performance of the students and the manner in which they
might excel in the global competitive markets.
2.2. International male students work more hours than international female students
The involvement of the male students in the part time jobs is researched to be greater than
the involvement of the female candidates, which again depends on the discrimination factors.
Kahu (2013) stated in a research that the international male students are more involved in the
varied part time jobs. A survey that was taken by the author where the university students were
made to answer a short questionnaire portrayed that the likelihood of males getting involved in a
part time job while pursuing their academic studies is more than that of the female candidates.
The reason for the same was found to be the exceeding need of the male students relating to the
financial systems to continue their education overseas. On the other hand, Tessema, Ready and
Malone (2012) stated that there is a common discrimination among the employers based on the
prejudiced belief that men are more likely to handle critical situations.
According to Liao, Ferdenzi and Edlin (2012), through a study of a statistical report,
some 57% of the part time jobs are being held by the male candidates. It however, does not

4PART TIME WORK AND ITS IMPACTS
reflect the whole amount of the male candidates holding the different part time job roles while
pursuing their education in the different disciplines. According to Robb, Moody and Abdel-
Ghany (2012), the part time job roles helps in enhancing the experience and the likelihood of
getting into a job profile in the near future after the completion of the respective courses. The
activities that are undertaken by the students during the field works helps them to be prepared for
the different situations that might be faced by them while undertaking their real time jobs. Wolff,
Wood-Kustanowitz and Ashkenazi (2014) stated that the involvement of the male members in
the job roles are dependent on the identification of the employer’s psychology to recruit the male
members, trusting that they have better capabilities of handling difficult situations.
Kahu (2013) stated that part time employment among the student is a growing trend
nowadays. It is in fact, argued that people who are working less than 30 hours per week are
defined as part time employee. As a matter of fact, people of the age between 15 and 20 are
reported to be worked in a greater number than others. In respect to this, it is important to
understand the gender differentiation among male and female part time employment rates. The
empirical studies show that part time jobs are more popular among the international male
students in compare to their female counterparts.
However, Mounsey, Vandehey and Diekhoff (2013) argued that women are not less
likely to get jobs as a part time basis irrespective of having equal qualification. According to
Spiegler and Bednarek (2013), the private organisations favour men more than women not
because of possessing a prejudiced mentality but they have a perception that men perform better
in certain jobs than women. In this regards, the question of gender discrimination comes into
play. However, Tessema, Ready and Astani (2014) opined that it is not about gender

5PART TIME WORK AND ITS IMPACTS
discrimination among male and females rather it is the fundamental feature related to biology.
There are certain works like hard working jobs that can only be done by male employees.
Besides this, putting focus on the trend among the male students to get a part time job is
more frequent than the female students. According to Groysberg and Abrahams (2014) the
recent studies show that there are 35 percent female students who want to get part time jobs as a
student where as the male students dominate the part time job sectors with holding a number of
jobs. In this regards, MacCann, Fogarty and Roberts (2012) advocated that the female students
are not fond of shift jobs and they are reluctant to do jobs in a low wage condition. As a matter of
fact, Jewkes, Flood and Lang (2015) opines that there are a number of critical factors that the
women require while doing job in a part time basis. The critical factors can be identified as poor
wage in the part time job sectors and the health issues. However, for their male counterparts it is
not a problem to do job in a shift manner. Darolia (2014) argued that it is not about a gender
discrimination in the international part time jobs. The female students are more serious about
their study whereas the male students take their school curriculum in a relaxed way and more
flexible to seek a job for their pocket money.
3. Conclusion
Therefore, from the above analysis it might be stated that the part time jobs helps in
defining the potentials of the students and making them aware of the same to uphold future
prospects of employability. The differences in the employability of the male members over the
female candidates help in perceiving the typical behavior of the recruiters who discriminates as
per the gender in the workforce. The differences in the workforce are affected through the
identification of the needs of the students to gain experience and knowledge of the different

6PART TIME WORK AND ITS IMPACTS
situations while attaining their higher education. The part time jobs help in supporting the
expatriate students financially to pursue their higher education. It also helps students to take the
burden of expenses in the foreign lands while educating themselves. It also helps them in
enhancing the scopes of getting into better job profiles through the experience and skills through
the prior job roles in the future. The male versus female employability in a part time job
environment is based on the prejudiced mental setup of the recruiters who believes that the male
candidates are more likely to handle critical situations.

7PART TIME WORK AND ITS IMPACTS
References
Darolia, R. (2014). Working (and studying) day and night: Heterogeneous effects of working on
the academic performance of full-time and part-time students. Economics of Education
Review, 38, 38-50.
Groysberg, B., & Abrahams, R. (2014). Manage your work, manage your life. Harvard Business
Review, 92(3), 58-66.
Jewkes, R., Flood, M., & Lang, J. (2015). From work with men and boys to changes of social
norms and reduction of inequities in gender relations: a conceptual shift in prevention of
violence against women and girls. The Lancet, 385(9977), 1580-1589.
Kahu, E. R. (2013). Framing student engagement in higher education. Studies in higher
education, 38(5), 758-773.
Liao, H. A., Ferdenzi, A. C., & Edlin, M. (2012). Motivation, self-regulated learning efficacy,
and academic achievement among international and domestic students at an urban
community college: A comparison. The Community College Enterprise, 18(2), 9.
MacCann, C., Fogarty, G. J., & Roberts, R. D. (2012). Strategies for success in education: Time
management is more important for part-time than full-time community college
students. Learning and Individual Differences, 22(5), 618-623.
Mounsey, R., Vandehey, M., & Diekhoff, G. (2013). Working and non-working university
students: Anxiety, depression, and grade point average. College Student Journal, 47(2),
379-389.

8PART TIME WORK AND ITS IMPACTS
Robb, C. A., Moody, B., & Abdel-Ghany, M. (2012). College student persistence to degree: The
burden of debt. Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory &
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Spiegler, T., & Bednarek, A. (2013). First-generation students: what we ask, what we know and
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Tessema, M. T., Ready, K. J., & Astani, M. (2014). Does part-time job affect college students’
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Tessema, M., Ready, K., & Malone, C. (2012). Effect of gender on college students' satisfaction
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Wolff, B. G., Wood-Kustanowitz, A. M., & Ashkenazi, J. M. (2014). Student performance at a
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