Passenger Perspectives on Cruise Ship Environmental Impact & Tourism

This dissertation explores the environmental impact of cruise ships from the perspective of passengers, focusing on sustainable tourism. It examines the growing cruise ship industry's economic contributions alongside its significant environmental consequences, including waste discharge, air pollution, and carbon emissions. The research aims to analyze passenger perceptions of these environmental impacts and gather recommendations for minimizing them. The methodology employs qualitative research, using primary and secondary data to evaluate passenger perspectives. The study includes a literature review, research methodology, results, discussion, and ultimately provides conclusions and recommendations based on the research findings, aimed at promoting sustainable practices within the cruise ship industry and reducing its environmental footprint.

International Tourism
Management Dissertation

Abstract
The present study aim to determine sustainable tourism and environmental impact of Cruise
ships from the perspective of passengers. Therefore, it is a wide area of investigation which is
effective in providing detailed information in regards to the area of suitable tourism and
environmental influence of cruise ships. In this present study, the overall study is based on
passengers perspectives in relation to the environmental situations which are affected through the
use of cruise ships. Thus, cruise ship is determined to be the most developing business which has
its major influence over the economic development of a country. In addition to this, cruise ship is
also recognised to be a major attraction of people, but has a direct impact over the environment.
In this present evaluation aim and objectives are developed that are incorporates over the
analysis of passenger’s perception of the environmental impacts of cruise ships and the influence
of cruise ship on the environment. In this, literature review is developed to executed a brief
analysis which in supportive in enhancing the understanding of individual researcher and learner
in relation to this specific investigation phenomenon. In addition to this, research methodology is
being developed that are supportive in executing the work in right direction. In this qualitative
research has been implemented as it is mainly supportive in developing detailed analysis in
relation to the specific area with the observation of people. Along with this, here, primary and
secondary both the tools are applied by the researcher as these two are significant in assisting the
overall work in right manner. Furthermore, results are analysed with the support of developing
interview as it is significant in conducting qualitative research and at the end conclusion and
recommendation area drawn over the findings of the research as conclusion is based on the
outcome of the analysis and recommendations are significant foe making appropriate
improvement in the operations of the business.

Table of Contents
Abstract............................................................................................................................................2
Title:.................................................................................................................................................1
Introduction......................................................................................................................................1
Literature Review.............................................................................................................................4
Research Methodology....................................................................................................................5
Results..............................................................................................................................................8
Discussion......................................................................................................................................12
Conclusion and Recommendation 600..........................................................................................13
Introduction................................................................................................................................13
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................14
Recommendation.......................................................................................................................15
References......................................................................................................................................16
Appendix........................................................................................................................................17

Title:
The title of the study is to analyse sustainable tourism and environmental impact of
Cruise ships from the perspective of passengers.
Introduction
Background of the Research
The present study initiates to analyse sustainable tourism and environmental impact of
Cruise ships through the perspective of passengers, Therefore, tourism is considered as a global
industry which mainly performs as the sustainable contributor to the development of countries.
Tourism development significantly renders many advantaged but these can be terms only if the
tourism is accessed in respect to enhance positive influence (Brida, Pulina, Riaño and Aguirre,
2013). On the opposite side negative influence are kept to a minimum, thus these mainly
includes degradation of environment, waste of resources, pollution, cultural commodification,
disturbance to wildlife and landscape, displacement of host communities, trivialisation and
undesirable activities. Cruise tourism is recognised to be the most growing segment of the travel
and tourism industry, thus for the reason of having high mobility it is often one of the primary
aspect of tourism to relocate to new host environments and it is pleased through transition
economies that are looking to develop foreign revenue. Cruise ships are mainly produces a wide
range of waste streams which can result in discharge to the marine environment which involve
multiple aspects like hazardous wastes, sewage, oily water, solid waste and ballast water. In
addition to this, cruise ships also emit high air pollution. Cruise ship also generate high carbon
dioxide, therefore, this mainly have a huge impact over the living of people, thus the passenger
of cruise ship mainly concern over reducing the CO2 for maintaining good health condition, as
the the number of passenger of cruise ship is decreases which create pressure upon the
government or the cruise industry to implement suitable measures for the purpose of reducing
environmental impact (De Grosbois, 2016).
Justify the Study
The existing exploration is essential because it is effective in developing the
understanding in regards to the area of determining the impact of cruise ships over the
environmental from the passengers opinion. Therefore, this study mainly develops knowledge in
regards to the marine industry. Cruise ship is recognised to be the most developing industry as
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people are very much attracted towards spending their vacations of cruise ship, as these are very
much effective and concern over providing efficacious facilities to the people, therefore, cruise
ships are also recognised to be the key source of economic development. Now a day's individual
are also conscious about their health condition and knows about the adverse impact of cruise ship
over the environment (Gössling and Peeters, 2015). Thus the large ships generate emission of
greenhouse gases that contributes to the climate change, waste through ship that cause pollution
and decrease the resilience of marine ecosystems and damage to fragile coastal and marine
environments. Cruise ships that carries in around thousands of individual in close proximity to
each other can render an environment for the rapid spread of contagious diseases and outbreaks
of gastroenteritis and less commonly of Norovirus and Legionnaires Disease, can be a serious
cause for concern. Therefore, for reducing the environmental impact the marine industries are
concern over implementing innovative technologies that are significant in reducing the carbon
effects.
Rationale of the Research
The study into consideration is based on analysing the impact of cruise ships on the
environment from the passengers perspectives. Therefore, it is a wide area of investigation as it
is effective in developing academic knowledge in regards to the area of the impact of cruise ships
over the environment. The present study is mainly executed because it is a most common issue
which has direct impact over the economic condition of a country, therefore, cruise tourism is
recognised to be the most growing segment of leisure tourism which is increasing around 7.2
percent since the year of 1990 and considered as the major contributor of a countries economic
growth. However, this study is effective in providing in-depth exploration in regards to the
impact of cruise ship over the environment. In addition to this, the exploration is also effective in
providing information with the perception of passengers and how the environment impact can be
reduces for generating more growth and economic development (Larsen, Wolff, Marnburg and
Øgaard, 2013). This exploration explores that the cruise ships also impacted the environment
through enhancing the pollution as the cruise generates harm full gases which are impactful for
the ocean animals as well as it also generates organic or inorganic waste. In today's modern era
people are very much concern about their health condition and wants to reduce the the negative
impact of cruise ships over the environment. The higher rate of ship passengers has increasing
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the pressure over the cruise companies to develop appropriate changes in their operations that are
effective in reducing the environment impact.
Research Aim
This defined to be the imperative area of an investigation as it mainly refers as a
predetermined statement which is effective in determining the intention of executing the
research. The key aim of this investigation is “To analyse the impact of cruise on the
environment from the perspective of passengers”.
Research Objectives
Research objective mainly refers as a clear and conscious statement which are effective in
exploring the reason of executing an investigation, Therefore, this section of research is mainly
encompasses over the aim of the research as in this variables of the aim are determined in
different small statement. The key objectives of the study have been discussed below:
 To identify passenger’s perception of the environmental impacts of cruise ships
 To examine if passengers think their actions have impacts on the environment To make recommendations on how environment impacts can be minimized from the
passengers perspective.
Research Questions
The research questions that have been framed for the study have been discussed below:
 What are the passengers perception regarding environmental impact of cruise ships?
 What is the relation between passengers’ perception and environmental condition created
by the cruise ships?
 What strategies are being suggested by customers in order to reduce environmental
pollution created by cruise ships?
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Literature Review
Literature review is mainly determined as an effective aspect of the published sources or
the theoretical framework which is based on a specified area of study. In addition to this, it is
defines as a clear and concise evaluation which is effective in rendering a detailed analysis,
classification, comparison and evaluation of a specified investigation (Edgell Sr, 2019). This
section of investigation is mainly comprises over developing theoretical framework with the
support of analysing research questions that covers aim and objectives of the work. Furthermore,
this section of an exploration is mainly developed via the support of secondary sources like,
books, journals, published articles, non published journals, newspapers and so on. In this present
study based on analysing the potential need of managing cultural diversity for enhancement of
organisational operations, literature review is significant in exploring the understanding in
relation to the same via gathering information from the opinion analysis of the authors and
writers.
According to the opinion analysis of Mia Bennett, 2017, the cruise ship industry is
defined to be an important and developing aspect to the united state economy, Therefore, the
industry of cruise ship has generate around 32 billion benefits at annual basis and develop
3,30,000 United States job, but also creates environmental influence of its activities. Cruise ships
are carrying thousands of passengers and crew have been compared to the floating cities and the
volume if waste which they produce is comparably wide, consisting of sewage, water through
sinks and galleys, solid waste, hazardous water, air pollution, oily bilge water and ballast water
and so on. Cruise ships are providing effective and satisfactory services to their customers, so
that individual are very much concern over taking benefits of cruise ships. Therefore, it also
produces multiple environmental effects like air pollution, waste and waste of water disposal,
thus the Montreal based tarragon renders multiple waste and wastewater tools to cruise lines
involving the micro auto gasification system and wastewater electrochemical treatment
technology (Walker and Moscardo, 2014). Polar shipping, ballast water etc. As per the analysis
of the passengers it has been stated that, people are using cruise ship facilities for their vacations
or visiting from one place to another but it is harmful for the health condition of people as it
produces waste and pollution which is has adverse impact over the human health. Cruise ships
mainly develops wide quantities of sewage bilge water, water through sinks and drains and solid
waste. These major environmental impacts has restrict the industry to work, so it is also
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important for the industry to develop appropriate measures in respect to reducing the
environmental effects. In addition to this, cruise ships generate a number of waste streams which
can result in discharge to the marine environment involving sewage, hazardous waste, gray
water, oily bilge water, ballast water and solid waste. Therefore, cruise ships also produces air
pollution which recognised to be the major reason of environmental affect. The individual state
that, it produces various health issues, so the user of cruise ship are increasing reduces, so it is
important for the business to implement effective and innovative technologies that are effective
in reducing the environmental effect and render appropriate facilities to the people (Mason,
2015).
According to the opinion stated by Andrew McMaster, 2017, cruise ships are known for
limbo, luxury accommodation and shrimp cocktails, therefore, these are mainly used by the
people from their unique attractions as cruise ships are providing effective accommodation, food
and any other needed services to their customers, but from the environmental perspective, they
known for staggering pollution. Thus, cruise ships are recognised to be the key reason which
creates environmental affects (Blancas, Lozano-Oyola and González, 2015). Environment safety
is recognised to be the primary obligation for a business or individual, so as a most developing
industry, it is important for the cruise industry to implement appropriate measures that are
significant for making environment protect from the emissions produces by the cruise ships, in
which some are like keep your waste at minimum, therefore, it is important for the ship
businesses to use recycle bins as majority of ship industry are using recycle bins for paper, glass,
cans and plastic and have some composting bins. In addition to this, reduce plastic usage is also
determined to be the another key measures which is significant for the cruise ships to be
implement for the purpose of reducing the environmental impact (Del Chiappa and Abbate,
2016). Furthermore, cruise ships are also needs to implement effective and innovative
technologies that are effective for reducing energy consumption, making less gas realises and
reduce the use of oils , therefore this create value for the business in attaining higher growth and
success and also create value in reducing the adverse impact on environment.
Research Methodology
An investigation methodology is defined as the most appropriate source which is mainly
executed to explore, select, process and determine the data in regards to a specific investigation
area. This section of investigation is based on the selection of suitable applications that are
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significant for an investigation to assist the overall work in right manner to reaching at the key
outcome (Blancas, Lozano-Oyola and González, 2015). The present evaluation is based on
analysing the sustainable tourism and environmental impact of Cruise ships from the perspective
of passengers, therefore, in this appropriate methodologies are needs to be determined for the
intention of reaching at the key results (Scott, 2011). The appropriate selection of methodologies
are associated as under:
Type of Investigation: A research is mainly executed for addressing an issue in effective
manner, therefore, in the implementation of a research process the key obligation of an
investigator is to select the most appropriate tool for assisting the work in right manner. This
section of research is mainly encompasses over qualitative and quantitative research
methodologies, Thus the choice of research is based on the data accumulated regarding the
chosen subject area (Aall, 2014). In the context of this present exploration work, qualitative
research method has been applied by the researcher as it is effective in developing detailed
analysis that are in-consist over qualitative means. Qualitative research is effective in providing
in-depth analysis that our income passes over non-numerical data as in this information is being
gathered by the analysis of human perception.
Research Approach: This is an important area of research methodology as it is effective in
providing your part to the investigation to develop information in regards to a specific research
phenomena. Research approach is mainly of two types deductive and inductive research
approach them for the selection of approach is based on the type of investigation. In this present
exploration work inductive approach has been applied by the researcher as inductive research
approach is significant for qualitative analysis and helps in gathering information that are based
on qualitative aspects (Carić, 2016). Inductive approach is effective in gathering valuable
information in relation to the area of determining the environmental impact of cruise ships, with
the help of executing analysis through analysing theories and hypothesis that are significant for
the analysis.
Research philosophy: Research philosophy is mainly defined as the procedure of accumulating
evaluating and implementing information in appropriate to me this section is mainly incorporates
over Interpretivism and positivism research, therefore, in this present investigation and analysis
Interpretivism philosophy has been applied by the researcher as it is significant in gathering
information via the views analysis of others. The major reason behind choosing Interpretivism
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philosophy is that it is effective in interpreting elements of research study based on analysing
sustainable tourism and environmental impact of cruise ships, with the help of integrated interest
over this present area. In addition to this, Interpretivism philosophy is efficacious in rendering
appropriate results through the perspective analysis of authors and writers (Weeden, Lester, and
Thyne, 2011).
Data collection Sources: Data collection is mainly incorporates over primary and secondary
source of information accumulation there for in the context of this present exploration both
primary and secondary tools are appropriate to conduct the analysis in effective manner. Primary
research is effective in Catherine data for the very first time significant in which specific study
phenomena. Primary research is executed with the help of conducting analysis with the support
of interview. On the other side secondary sources such as books, journals, published articles and
non published articles are effective in developing descriptive analysis. Secondary research is
important in developing theoretical framework which in turns in creating value in exploring the
detailed analysis.
Data Sampling: It is likewise a basic angle with respect to the determination of reasonable
individuals to assemble data. It is a measurable investigation instrument which is applied to
choose, deal with and break down the information so ends can be drawn out in appropriate way.
It helps the researcher in concerning the information that will be gathered and investigated.
There are two techniques for information inspecting which are probabilistic and non probabilistic
data sampling. In this present research work, interview has been select as the key sources of data
collection and respondents are picked through applying convincing sampling from the non-
probabilistic sampling tool, in which individual are picked from a specified group (Goodwin,
2011). In this sample size of 30 has been taken to conduct interview for the intention of gathering
valuable information, in this information is mainly gathered through the passengers who are
regularly using the services of cruise ships.
Ethical Consideration: This perceived as the essential thought of the researcher to follow
inquire about morals in regard to do examination work in right way. At the time of directing an
examination work analyst faces different issues regarding examination tasks which are requires
to be executed in right way and research ethics helps the investigator in usage of research
exercises in right way. It is fundamental for the researcher to guarantee their members about the
wellbeing and security of their own data. Anyway researcher ought not solicit any sort from
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individual data and don't hurt the sentiment or feeling of respondents. Alongside this analyst
requires to be engaged after some time of the examination, accordingly it is basic for the
researcher to build up a time frame in regard to appropriate execution of research tasks (Weaver,
2012).
Results
Data analysis is defined as the procedure of inspecting, cleansing, transforming and
modelling information with the end goal of discovering useful data to informing significant
results and supporting appropriate decision making. Information analysis has multiple facts and
approached that are mainly encompasses over diverse tools and techniques under an assorted
names that are implemented in different aspects like business, social science domain, science and
so on (Carić and Mackelworth, 2014). In the context of this present investigation work data
analysis is based on evaluating the information accumulated in regards to the area of analysing
the aspect of sustainable tourism and environmental impact of Cruise ships from the perspective
of passengers. Therefore an appropriate analysis is effective in assisting the overall investigation
in right direction to reaching at the key outcome. In this present investigation results are based on
conductive qualitative analysis with the potential support of developing interview as it is the
most suitable tool of qualitative analysis and significant in gathering valuable and actual data that
are supportive in nature and helps the investigation in reaching at the key results. In addition to
this, it has been stated that, in this analysis is being done through thematic analysis as in this
themes are developed to draw valid and reliable results (Maragkogianni and Papaefthimiou,
2015). Therefore, in this thematic analysis is effective as it is efficacious in developing themes
over the questions of questionnaire as it provides a clear view to ask authentic questions from the
respondents to analyse the work in appropriate manner. The questions of interview are associated
as under:
Interview Questions,
1. Have you ever been on a cruise ship before?
2. Why do you prefer to travel on Cruise ship?
3. What do you think about cruise ships? Do you think they are harmful for the
environment?
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