This report provides a comprehensive overview of diabetic retinopathy, a microvascular complication of diabetes. It begins by detailing the pathophysiology, explaining how chronic hyperglycemia leads to microvascular damage in the retina. The report then explores diagnostic methods, including retinal screening, fluorescein angiography, and other assessments used to detect and monitor the condition. Furthermore, it discusses various treatment options, such as photocoagulation, pan-retinal photocoagulation, and intravitreal injections, emphasizing their roles in slowing disease progression and managing complications. The report also touches upon the importance of glycemic control and other interventions in managing this condition. This report is a detailed analysis of the disease, its causes, diagnosis, and treatment. It provides a valuable resource for students and healthcare professionals seeking to understand and manage diabetic retinopathy.