This report delves into the pathophysiology and pharmacology of heart failure, focusing on a case study of a patient named Trevor. The report begins by defining heart failure and detailing its underlying causes, such as myocardial infarction, hypertension, and amyloidosis, highlighting how these conditions impact the heart's efficiency. It then analyzes Trevor's medical history, including his impaired ventricular ejection fraction, constricted blood vessels, and symptoms like tachycardia and breathlessness. The report discusses the impact of stent implantation, coronary artery bypass grafts, and the progression of Trevor's condition, including the onset of orthopnea and paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. Furthermore, the report links Trevor's symptoms to factors such as increased cholesterol levels and reduced ventricular perfusion. Finally, it references relevant studies and medical literature, providing a comprehensive understanding of the patient's condition and the complexities of heart failure.