Case Study: Healthcare Challenges, Patient Assessment and Treatment

This case study analysis presents several healthcare scenarios, including cases involving patients with Alzheimer's disease and urinary tract infections (UTIs), as well as those experiencing mental health challenges. The analysis delves into the assessment of patient conditions, such as cognitive decline, ...Read More

CASE STUDY

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
CASE-1 ...........................................................................................................................................1
CASE-2 ...........................................................................................................................................3
CASE 3 ...........................................................................................................................................6
Establish and maintain therapeutic relations with Louise...........................................................6
CASE 4............................................................................................................................................8
Mental health conditions that Kevin appears to be suffering with and its aetiology, sign and
symptoms....................................................................................................................................8
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

CASE-1
Health promotion and recovery concepts for Dennis
As per the given case study, Dennis is suffering from Alzheimer's disease. In the middle
or in old age, this disease can take place. It is a progressive mental deterioration. In this disease,
the loss of memory and cognitive decline can be caused due to death of brain cells. As per the
case, Dennis was also not able to find back his way to home and also was dressed in pyjamas and
slippers. It is the most common type of dementia. A loss of mental ability has been described by
the dementia which is associated with gradual death of brain cells , Lopes, (2016).
In this case, Dennis can be given cognitive behavioural therapy. This is abased on the
relationship between feelings, thoughts and behaviour. In the 1960s, Albert Ellis first developed
Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). For a wide range of health problems, it is an effective
treatment. A major psychiatric disorder has been represented by psychosis and the specific
diagnosis of schizophrenia. In this the thoughts, feelings and behaviour of a person are altered
significantly.
The unique combination of symptoms and experiences will be there in individuals who
develop psychosis or schizophrenia. This may vary depending on their specific circumstances ,
Adeyemi and et.al., (2015). As per the given case study, the fluctuating periods of lucidity and
confusion is being faced by Dennis. When he is more aware of his deteriorating cognition, he
becomes extremely distressed. By some deterioration in person functioning, there will be
prodromal period. The memory and attention problems, unusual and uncharacteristic behaviour
are some difficulty included .By an acute phase marked by positive symptom, this prodromal
period are followed typically such as disturbance in behaviour causing agitation and distress.
Usually, after some treatment of the acute problem resolve, the positive symptoms may
disappear or reduce but for negative symptoms such as poor memory, it is still problematic.
In order to develop psychosis and schizophrenia, there are a number of genetic and
environmental risk factors. The timings, nature and degree of exposure to environment are some
risk factors . To the development of psychosis symptom, the psychological factors and
environment factors are some of critical factors that may develop psychosis and schizophrenia.
In basic cognitive function, the problems can be related to research structure and function. To the
social factors, the problems with emotional and reasoning process can be linked. In the
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development of the symptom of psychosis and schizophrenia, both type of psychological factors
may have implication , Neto and et.al., (2016).
Through assessment the current information about the symptom can be obtained . On the
individuals the effects of these symptoms and to cope up with them the strategies can be
developed by individual through assessment. In this case where Dennis has been suffering from
Alzheimer's disease and the assessment will help to find out the information related to diseases,
the effects of these symptoms and the strategies to deal with this. The biological, psychological
and social factors that are contributing towards this disease can be examined with the help of
assessment , Vallee, ( 2016.).. The health professional who is giving treatment to Dennis must be
able to analyse the behaviour of a person who is suffering from dementia. They need to find out
the confused and depressed behaviour of Dennis. Based on the interpretation of behaviour that is
been done the care should be given to them. With respect to the history, ability, experiences and
personality of each person the person centred care will focus on. The right to communicate their
likes, dislikes and preferences are often been retained by pole with dementia. On collaboration
between the individual, the family of person the quality of care depends on.
The unpaid care and support can be provided to Dennis by family members that are from
his two children. In order to deliver successful effective intervention the carers may be often
important. With dementia caring for a person can be emotionally, psychologically and financially
challenging, Bossers and et.al., (2014). The change in the behaviour of Dennis needs to be
noticed in order to give care. Regarding it the health professional need to be informed. The
behaviour of individuals can be influenced due to dementia such as false ideas, anxious,
depression etc. In a way the person communicate the way of a person need to be noticed. In
order to work, speak fluently etc they may find it hard. The normal social connection of
conversation can be lost by them. The causes of communication complexities need to be
considered by heath professionals in order to give care to people suffering from dementia. The
eating and nutritional need also need to be identified by the person or health professionals who
are giving care. The eating and drinking habits need to be monitored carefully by the person
giving care, van Alphen and et.al., (2016. ). This is because the person who is suffering from
dementia forgets to eat and drink. As per this scenario, Dennis forgets to get his dress change and
stays in the pyjama most of the time. In order to remind them, the alarms need to be set and on
regular basis, the snacks and meal should be offered. In order to provide quality care to Dennis
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the key skill that will be needed will be communication skill. The help to the nurses can be given
by using both verbal and non-verbal communication and also with this more person centred
care can be given to the patients , Luhrmann and et.al., (2015. ).. At all levels of dementia
communication is necessary to provide person-centred care. It is been suggested by department
of health that in order to provide a quality of care to their dear ones and appropriate support a
knowledge of the condition of the patients need to be given to the family(Department of health,
2012). As per the case it is been found that Dennis recalls her mother during distress time. This
shows that people with dementia have their long term memory intact .The use of reminiscence
they can be adopted by the nurses. In order to bring back the memory of Denis the use of portrait
pictures or objects.
In order to manage the memory loss all time the appropriate identification need to be
carried out of name, address and an emergency contact number need to provided to such
individual suffering from dementia. In order to manage the confused behaviour of Dennis to their
familiar environment the changes need not to be made unless they are important . With
medication the assistance need to be offered to them , Sposito and et.al.,( 2015). In order to
promote individualised care identifying ways need to establish familiarized routines. The
people need to be encouraged to make use of remaining skills and abilities. As per the case, the
carers giving care to Dennis need to examine the change in behaviour and based on that, the care
need to be given. Rather than efficiency of care providers the person centred care will focus on
individual need of person. On the strength of the person living with dementia, it is essential to
focus. In order to understand, communicate and interpret the meaning of behaviour of Dennis, it
is essential to enter his world and based on this, the care should be given by carers and health
professionals.
CONCLUSION
When giving care to patients with dementia person centred care approach is vital. In their
condition and care it gives patients the opportunity to be more knowledgeable. The person
centred approach will also not happen without communication. The person centred care can be
maintained with the help of good communication. The nurse need to aware about the
communication skill in order to provide person centred care to patients.
References
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Adeyemi,. and et.al., (2015). The effectiveness of the Memory Orientation Screening Test
(MOST) for potential dementia patients.
Bossers, W.J., and et.al., (2014). Feasibility of a combined aerobic and strength training program
and Therapeutic its effects on cognitive and physical function in institutionalized
dementia patients. A pilot study. PloS one. 9(5), p.e97577.
Sposito, T., and et.al., (2015). Developmental regulation of tau splicing is disrupted in stem cell-
derived neurons from frontotemporal dementia patients with the 10+ 16 splice-site
mutation in MAPT. Human molecular genetics. 24(18) pp.5260-5269.
Neto, E., and et.al.,(2016). Regularized linear discriminant analysis of EEG features in dementia
patients. Frontiers in aging neuroscience. 8.
Reading, R., 2014. Psychosis and schizophrenia. Child: Care, Health and Development. 40(2),
pp.298-299.
Luhrmann, T.M., and et.al., (2015). Differences in voice-hearing experiences of people with
psychosis in the USA, India and Ghana: interview-based study. The British Journal of
Psychiatry. 206(1). pp.41-44.
Department of health. (2012). Recognised, valued and supported: next steps for the Carers
Strategy Date assessed [18/02/2015]
https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/
213804/dh_122393.pdf
CASE-2
Assessment for Susan
As per the given case study, the suicide thought was there in the mind of Susan so an
effective care planning need to be done for Susan that will help to cope up with Urinary Tract
Infection (UTI). In order to deal with urinary tract information and recover from it. The impaired
urinary elimination nursing care plan can be followed by the nurse. By the bacterium micro
organisms in the urinary tract , the infection are been caused. By the bacterium Escherichia coli,
the majority of UTIs are caused , Desjarlais, (2014.). They are mainly discovered in the digestive
system. In urinary elimination dysfunction is there which is related to the frequent urination,
surgery and hestinacy The patient's pattern of elimination will be assessed by the nurse. This
will serve as a basis for determining appropriate interventions. Every 4 hours, palpate the
person's bladder in order to find out the presence of urinary retention. The intake of fluid need to
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be encouraged by the person. This will help to improve renal blood flow. The acidic environment
of bladder need to be maintained in order to prevent the occurrence of bacterial growth. For the
infection, the nursing care plan for urinary tract infection can also be made. In this, the signs and
symptoms of urinary tract infection are being assessed. The fever, chills etc. are some common
symptoms of this. For UTI, the risk factors need to be assessed , Leimbacher, (2017). It is been
revealed that Susan is also being use to smoke in past due to he is suffering from hearing
voices.
With a mental health problem hearing voices may or may not be associated .It an auditory
hallucination. In people with psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia it is the most common
type of hallucination. The traumatic life experiences can be the cause of hearing voices .As per
the case study it is shown that Susan is been neglected by her friends so this can be one reason
behind it. The intake of drugs, lack of sleep ,other traumatic experiences and mental health
problems can be the reason behind the hearing voices. As per the case it is been found that Susan
used to consume drugs and smoke due to which the hearing voice is been caused, Bossers and
et.al., (2014).. With people suffering from Psychosis and schizophrenia smoking and tobacco is
more common in people in comparison with general population. In order to reduce or stop
smoking, intervention need to be followed.
The peer support groups – They can help Susan in order to overcome the problem of hear
voices. The loneliness will not be felt and in safe , non-judgemental place they will help them to
talk about hearing voices , Luhrmann and et.al., (2015. ).In the voices they will help them to
gain to find perspective and they will be able to find the cause of depression and sadness and
will be able to recover quickly. Across the UK the hearing voices network runs over 180 groups.
Enough sleep need to be taken by Susan - In order to cope up with the complex feelings and
experiences, the sleep can give her the energy. In order to get enough sleep the voices may make
it difficult. Also the relaxations and techniques will be helpful for Susan .
The diets need to be taken seriously by the people who are having hearing voices-The food need
to be taken by them regularly and the blood sugar need to be stable .For the mental health-
being the exercise can be helpful for Susan .
To the voices the learning voices network have a particular approach. It is been said by them
that they need to accept that their voice is real as it comes from you and is related with the
history of their life. On an approach to voices recovery approach it is been based. With the life
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experiences the best is been given. The diagnosis and treatment can be given by psychiatrist. The
person need to intake food and water on a regular basis and also exercise daily .As a result of an
illness , psychiatric may see the voices and the medication and other treatment can be prescribed
by them.
Psychotherapy – The voices can be felt through psychotherapy and they are related with
experiences of trauma. The voices what they say and why they say can be recognised by a
psychotherapist. In order to make the voice better, the way will be found by them. In order to
cope up with them, the better way will be found.
Cognitive Behavioural therapy (CBT)- In order to cope up with how the voices may make the
person feel and think about oneself, this can help. About the voices it may reduce the
anxiety .Over the voices it will help to control the voices.
Medication – The anti psychotic drugs are been prescribed by the psychiatrist when the voices
are very troubling. The indifference to the voices can be felt due to use of these drug. In the
short term medication something that can be useful. With the ways of coping up the voices it
may help .
Mindfulness -based cognitive Therapy – The mindfulness and CBT is been combined in this. It
will help to pay attention on things that is taking place in the surrounding when the voices are
distracting the individual , Vallee, (2016.).
CONCLUSION
The medication, proper sleep , the peer group support etc can be taken by Susan in order
to overcome the problem of hearing voice. The CBT therapy can also help her. The
psychotherapist will also help her in order to make their life better more before.
REFERENCES
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Desjarlais, R., 2014. Liberation upon Hearing: Voice, Morality, and Death in a Buddhist
World. Ethos. 42(1). pp.101-118.
Leimbacher, I., 2017. Hearing Voice (s): Experiments with Documentary
Listening. Discourse. 39(3). pp.292-318.
Vallee, M., 2016. Hearing Voice: A Theoretical Framework for Truth Commission
Testimony. Law and Critique.27(1). pp.45-61.

CASE 3
Establish and maintain therapeutic relations with Louise
This case study is about Louise who is suffering from depression. It is the case of Louise
who is 28 year old lady, she suffers from depression and she attempted suicide. She has faced
huge difficulties in her relationship due to which she has gone in traumas in her life. She is not
able to maintain a stable sense of self worth and self esteem. She has lost her confidence due to
her bad experiences in her life. When medical professionals and crisis team were operating her,
then she has discussed the topic that she has become disconnected from the world and no one
loves her. When she was in the age of 17, then Louise tried to cut her arm because she was
feeling lonely. She has discussed the issue with her mother that she has been sexually abused by
her uncle. Currently, she does not have any job and friend. Thus, she spends her most of the time
in drinking alcohol. It becomes very difficult for her to get adjusted in new environment easily.
Her parents got retired and due to this they were unable to meet her for a month. She was very
angry and she did not her medication and tried suicide. From the case study of Louise it is
analysed that person suffering from emotional withdrawal, impulsive behaviour and unstable
relationship. This essay will take support of communication skills and will define ways of
maintaining therapeutic relationship with Louise so that her mental condition can be recovered.
It is very difficult to develop communication feeling with the person who is suffering
from borderline personality disorder. In order to build therapeutic relationship with patients
medical professional are required to adopt effective verbal communication. Louise is in bad
condition and the main reason of her bad mental condition is her loneliness. It is very important
for the medical professionals that to develop healthy therapeutic relationship with her (Reading,
2014). One of the best way of establishing therapeutic relationship with the lady is to enhance
communication with her and develop her interpersonal skill. In this respect, medical
professionals are required to give their detail introduction with name, title and role in the
hospital. This can support in enhancing friendliness among patients and they can know doctors
well (Guide to Therapeutic Relationships and Professional Boundaries, 2017). She was abused
by her uncle in early days, it was the mental trauma for her so nurses are required to build thrust
of her. Staff members need to make her aware since how long they are in services so that her
prevention and protection feeling can be developed. Health care professionals are required to
address their patients with their name as it develops personal feeling and individual feel
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comfortable. This can develop strong relationship with care users and individual feel safe and
discuss their issues with medical professionals effectively. In order to establish therapeutic
relationship with the patients like Louise, doctors are required to listen their point of view
properly and have to communicate with them in non judgemental manner (Taylor and Perera,
2015).
In order to establish and maintain therapeutic relationship with Louise, doctor need to set
boundaries. As Louise now do not believe on anyone so setting boundaries is very important for
establishing relationship with her. Establish mutual respect between medical staff and Louise is
very important. Staff members need to show their empathy and unconditional positivity for her
so that she feel safe and think that there is no tension in this relationship. It can make her
comfortable, Zimmerman and Morgan (2013).
Furthermore, adoption of patient-centred approach is the good way through which
medical professionals can easily meet with their goal and can maintain therapeutic relationship
with their patients. In addition, health care professionals are required to provide all details about
their issues and causes of their problems (Therapeutic Relationships Resource Guide for Alberta
Physiotherapists, 2017). They need to discuss about their illness openly. Apart from this, doctors
are required to give them choice and right to take decision of treatment before providing them
such treatment.
Non verbal communication also plays significant role in this respect for patients who are
suffering from borderline personality disorder. Nursing team is required to use open posture so
that she can get engaged while building therapeutic relationship. Conveying about emotional
state of Louise with her can make her comfortable and will support in establishing healthy
working relationship, Norman, Ryrie. (2013).
Success of therapeutic relationship depends upon practices that are applied by medical
professionals while providing treatment to Louise. Implement Reflective practice: It is the best
approach through which medical professionals can maintain therapeutic relationship with the
lady. Proper interaction, understanding perspective of patients, their age and culture can enhance
their confidence and they will be able to trust the doctors. This would develop strong relationship
between doctors and patients (Rupert and Watters, 2017).
Follow care plan and be sensitive regarding providing proper care:By following
appropriate plan for providing quality care to patient, such type of relationship can be build up.
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Positive behaviour: Self disclosure, accepting gifts from patients, giving gifts to patients
etc. are the main ways through which medical professionals can establish and maintain
therapeutic relationship with Louise. If surrounding people behave positively with the lady, then
it may support in improving her condition and she may come out of her depression.
These processes and ways are effective enough in establishing and maintaining
therapeutic relationship. By this way, Louise will be able to communicate well with others, this
will minimise her loneliness and she may feel better (Sánchez-Blázquez, Rodríguez-Muñoz and
Garzón, 2014).
Louise is suffering from mental illness, it is required to promote mental health so that her
health condition can be improved. Promoting safe, effective care services to patients are
beneficial in improving condition of Louise soon. Currently, main issue is faced by her that bad
experience, abusing from uncle and poor relationship with her partners. Due to these problems,
she has become unable to discuss her issues with others. She is out of social world that is why
she is feeling unable, Mental health foundation. (2012). In such condition, it is required to
enhance her communication skill. Medical professional need to provide them safe environment
in the hospitals so that she feel protected. In addition, they are required to coordinate well with
them and have to behave friendly. This will develop confidence of patients and their mental
health condition can be recovered soon. As she was not having good relationship with her
partners, that is why she is under depression. This is the main reason due to which she has
stopped communicating with others. This loneliness forces her many times to attempt suicide.
Recovery focuses rather than illness making can enhance knowledge of service users and
they can get aware with their condition. It is essential for nursing staff to involve parents of
Louise, she has strong relationship with them so with them she would feel comfortable. Setting
realistic goals will be better for her in recovery soon. This will help in building strong
therapeutic relationship with her, Cranmer and Nhemachena, (2013).
Conclusion
Developing healthy therapeutic relationship with Louise can help in improving her
condition. Establishing boundaries, setting realistic goal and involvement of parents can support
in recovery of the patients. Good verbal and non verbal communication can establish a strong
therapeutic relationship.
References
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Cranmer, P. and Nhemachena, J. (2013). Ethics for Nurses. Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill
Education.
Mental health foundation. (2012). Recovery. http://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/help-
information/mental-health-a-z/R/recovery/ [Assessed on 15/07/2015]
Norman. R., Ryrie. I. (2013). The art and science of mental health nursing. 2nd ed. Berkshire:
Mc Craw Hill.
Zimmerman, M. and Morgan, T. (2013). Problematic Boundaries in the Diagnosis of Bipolar
Disorder: The Interface with Borderline Personality Disorder. Current Psychiatry Reports,
15(12).
CASE 4
Mental health conditions that Kevin appears to be suffering with and its aetiology, sign and
symptoms
The case study is about Kevin. Kevin is in the age of 21, his behaviour is abnormal due to
which his family members are worried. He has been terminated from job because of abnormal
behaviour. He started spending length time alone and refuses to give any answers to his friends
whenever they come to his home to meet with him. His behaviour was suspicious thus
government scientists has come to his home and started doing experiments on him. They have
inserted electrode into his brain in order to examine his mental status. He said that he is able to
listen the voice of men who is commending his juniors to do particular act. He admitted to nurse
that there is a man in pub who is discussing about nuclear experiments. He said that whenever he
turned on the radio, he receives coded infraction.
Government scientists have not found any evidence of abnormal mood and incoherence
speech. When they have admitted him to the local mental hospital, then he agreed that he was
afraid of staying alone at home. Attention will be drawn on identifying signs and symptoms of
the patients. Furthermore, health promotion and recovery plan will be discussed, Mental health
foundation. (2012).
As Kevin was too young and he was receiving codes whenever he turns on his radio. But
when it was tested by the government scientists, then they did not found any issue or evidence of
abnormal mood. From the case, it is analysed that mental health of Kevin is not good. Mental
health conditions are mixture of other problems which impact on mental health condition of the
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patients. Depression, anxiety and personality disorder are related with the same. It is identified
that he is suffering with psychotic disorder, Mental health foundation. (2012).. England is the
nation where 31.7% people are suffering from this mental disorder. It causes due to abnormal
thinking and perception. Such type of people starts thinking different from other people and they
forget the reality. Schizophrenia is the one of the common type of psychotic disorder. It may
cause due to brain tumour, brain infection, stroke etc. In this condition, Kevin fails to understand
the reality and behave accurately that are required in the particular situation. Due to his abnormal
behaviour, he was terminated by his office. Kevin was suffering from Schizophrenia disorder in
which patient start involving false believes in his real life situations. These believes may be true
but these are just imagination of the person, Reading, (2014). But when he was examine by the
government team then no signs were found within him. Hence, it came to know that Kevin is
suffering from Schizophrenia disorder in which mood swings occurred with him,.
In this mental illness, individual may sometimes hurt own selves. Psychotic disorder
effect person judgement of individual and impact on their understanding level.
Psychosis can be defined as sensory experience about some things that does not exist in
real world. There are many causes of occurring psychosis in the person. Sometimes, these causes
are difficult to understand and medical professionals fail to diagnose the real illness in the human
being, What is psychosis?, (2017). These are as following: Genetics: It is the main issue due to
which this disorder takes place in the person. Bipolar disorder and schizophrenia are the most
common genetic causes (Jones and et.al., 2014). Brain changes: It is another cause of psychosis
disorder, it occurs if brain structure gets changed or there are hormonal or chemical changes. In
such condition, person who is suffering from this problem behave abnormal, Rupert and Watters,
(2017). Harmon: It is occurred in the initial phase of the medical problem, changes in hormonal
levels impact on the brain structure and due to which individual fails to take proper sleep. That
increase burden on the mind of human and they start believing in false facts as in the case of
Kevin.
There are various signs and symptoms of psychosis disorder. These signs are shown in
the personality of Kevin. Hallucinations: In this condition, individual who is suffering from this
issue hear, see and feel such things which does not really exist in the environment. Delusions: It
is another sign of this medical problems that is shown in the case of Kevin, in this individual
makes false believes and due to their fear, they look at the surrounding suspiciously, Hayward,
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M., Strauss, C. and McCarthy-Jones, S. (2015). This is the same situation as occurring with
Kevin in which he assumes that people are planning for nuclear attacks etc. But in reality, it is
just an imagination of the person. Disorganisation: Behaviour and speech of individual gets
changed and individual start behaving abnormal due to which surrounding people feel that
person is mentally ill, Taylor and Perera, (2015). Catatonia: It is another symptom of psychosis
disorder that is shown in the personality of Kevin; in this, individuals become unresponsive
towards the things that are occurring in front of them.
Apart from this, other symptoms and signs that are shown in the patient's personality are
feeling suspicion, remain in depression, anxiety, sleeping issues, obsessive thinking etc., What is
psychosis?, (2017).
Whenever individual suffers from such type of mental disorder, then it becomes difficult
for them to compare the difference between right and wrong. In such condition, individual fails
to communicate their problems with others. It increases pressure of the person and individual
suffer from depression, Cole MG & Dendukuri N (2003). If patients does not get timely
treatment of this mental disorder, then it may create complication and can create critical
condition for the patients. Kevin is being admitted to the mental hospital and in order to improve
his mental condition, medical professionals are required to treat him well. These are
antipsychotic drugs, acute and maintenance phase of schizophrenia. In this disorder, individual
behaves aggressive and decline participating in the social activities, Sánchez-Blázquez,
Rodríguez-Muñoz and Garzón, (2014). Moreover, individual do not like to make communication
with others and start living alone.
Kevin can take support of collaboration of treatment plan for recovering from this illness.
Use of antipsychotic medication can be useful for him. Wellness recovery action plan can help
him to understand his situation and taking care for it. Furthermore stress vulnerability model can
give benefit to the patient and can help him in recovering from this mental illness. Social
support and meaningful activities can relax her Kevin's mind. By joining work again he can think
on other matters which will support in improving mental status of him, BYRNE, M. (2002).
Drawing contingency plan by multi-disciplinary team can be better for him for leading to relapse
Kevin's mental state. Involvement of family members, friends in treatment can give quick
recovery to him.
Conclusion
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From the case it is identified that Kevin is suffering from Schizophrenia. Intervention of
family can improve his condition. Person centred approach can be useful in order to provide
quality care to him.
References
BYRNE, M. (2002). Family history of psychiatric disorders and age at first contact in
schizophrenia: an epidemiological study. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 181(43), pp.19-25.
Cole MG & Dendukuri N (2003). Risk factors for depression among elderly community subjects:
a systematic review and meta-analysis. American Journal of Psychiatry 160 1147-1156.
Hayward, M., Strauss, C. and McCarthy-Jones, S. (2015). Psychological approaches to
understanding and treating auditory hallucinations.
Mental health foundation. (2012). Recovery. http://www.mentalhealth.org.uk/help-
information/mental-health-a-z/R/recovery/ [Assessed on 15/07/2015].
Online
Guide to Therapeutic Relationships and Professional Boundaries, 2017. [Online]. Available
through
<https://www.collegept.org/docs/default-source/blog-documents/therapeutic_relationships_prof_
boundaries_guide130527.pdf?Status=Master&sfvrsn=0>
Therapeutic Relationships Resource Guide for Alberta Physiotherapists, 2017. [Online].
Available through <https://www.physiotherapyalberta.ca/files/guide_therapeutic_relations.pdf>
What is psychosis?, 2017. [Online]. Available through
<https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/248159.php>
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