Visitors and Crowd Behaviour Management: Pattaya Sewage Report

This report focuses on the sewage problem in Pattaya, Thailand, examining its impact on the environment and tourism. It begins with an introduction to the issue, highlighting the role of tourism in environmental degradation and the challenges posed by unbalanced infrastructure development and increasing visitor numbers. The report analyzes the government's positive attitude and restrictions, the core issues of open sewage, and the economic, environmental, and socio-cultural impacts. It then explores the views of stakeholders, including tourists, the general public, communities, local government, and the environment. The report further discusses the government's efforts, such as the Thailand-Environmental Fund Project, the Polluter Pay Principle, ISO certification, and regular inspections. Various plans generated by the Thailand government, including water pollution and domestic wastewater management plans, are also analyzed. The report concludes by emphasizing the need for effective crowd management and environmental protection strategies to address the sewage problem and its consequences.

RUNING HEAD: VISITORS AND CROWD BEHAVIOUR MANAGEMENT 0
Pattaya Sewage- Thailand

VISITORS AND CROWD BEHAVIOUR MANAGEMENT 1
Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................2
Pattaya sewage- Thailand...........................................................................................................2
Attitude...................................................................................................................................2
Beginning...............................................................................................................................3
Another way...........................................................................................................................4
Stakeholders & their views....................................................................................................5
Explore assumption................................................................................................................6
Find Information....................................................................................................................6
Options.................................................................................................................................10
Maximize outcomes.............................................................................................................13
Conclusion................................................................................................................................14
Bibliography.............................................................................................................................15

VISITORS AND CROWD BEHAVIOUR MANAGEMENT 2
Introduction
This report will focus on the Pattaya Sewage problem, Thailand. This report will
state a statement showing a positive attitude towards the problem, immediate core of the
problem, views of the stakeholders in terms of the stated problem, and the recommendation to
solve such a problem.
Water is the basic component for the development of life and sustaining life. Proper
management of water is one of the main problem of society nowadays because of the
increasing population and increasing pressure on land and have limited resources. The
sewage waters affect many places and peoples. Rainwaters enters into the sewage pipes.
Evidently, the tourism-based industry has a vital role in the deterioration of the environment
(David, 2014) (David, 2014).
There are many ways to control such a problem by applying various models.
Validated mathematical models are becoming important simulation tools for ensuring
compliance with the standards of the environment.
Pattaya industry is one of the examples of moving too quickly to a big city with a high
capacity for tourism. The serious problem in Pattaya is damage sewages. The main problem
of damage sewage is due to unbalanced infrastructure development and blooming numbers of
visitors (Pupattanapong, 2018).
Pattaya sewage- Thailand
Attitude
The government of Thailand will restrict the person from doing fishing, building on
the beach and walking on the seabed on the land mass, said Jatuporn Burutphat, director of

VISITORS AND CROWD BEHAVIOUR MANAGEMENT 3
the section of the Marine and Coastal Resource. The 1-year imprisonment and a penalty of
100,000 baht will penalize on the population violating such restriction. These steps of the
government show a positive attitude toward this problem. The various person in the society,
populations of the Pattaya who are affecting by this from years now thinks that this problem
is very hard to handle and will not going to be eliminated from society (Tolentino, 2018).
Beginning
The main problem of the open sewage in the city cause many issues and problem
including, sewer stink at the marketplace and pools of sewage that causes dengue- and
Malaria-carrying mosquitos to gather, posing a threat to tourists. Thailand’s economic
development has caused a number of issues. The economic, environmental and socio-cultural
dimension altogether result in the overall sustainability of waste waters treatment systems
(Larpnun, 2011).
The effect of sewage on the economy is largely negative. There is a need for proper
treatment before it has to dispose of – usually into the ocean. If the problem of sewage is
partially treated then it can result in the containment of water and huge loss of wildlife.
Alternately leaking of flooding has the potential to cause completely untreated sewage to
enter into the rivers and other water source and causing them to be polluted (Tsuzuki, 2010).
Various economic impacts are:
• Changes to regulation;
• Loss of use of sludge as a fertilizer and fertilizer replacement cost; and
• Cost of alternative deposit.
The real help of sea-going pollution in the estuary and beachfront zones is a human
mess from populace focuses that is out from waste treatment activities. Sewage may

VISITORS AND CROWD BEHAVIOUR MANAGEMENT 4
influence the marine condition in three principal ways, through oxygen consumption, causing
infection, and by supplement enhancement (Mills, 2014).
Some of the environmental & socio-cultural impacts are:
• Impact on biodiversity, eco-system, and quality of water.
• Impacts from the increase in the use of landfill.
This would have a major impact on the future generation. If the problem is not solved
in the present then it is possible that our future generation will face the problem of various
diseases, and there will be a lack of water (Mills, 2014).
Another way
The population is increasing rapidly due to which the problem of sewage is occurring.
Although the increasing population is not only one component in developing the problem but
increased in the tourists and an increase in the infrastructure is also main components of the
sewage in the Pattaya. Sewage treatment is costly and most often sewage is dumped without
been even treated. This lead in the generation of germs, toxic chemicals causing various
health problem such as hepatitis, typhoid (Wallace, 2010).
Proper channels for the sewage are not there. Peoples are throwing waste in water due
to which the problem of wastewater is arising. Communities across the city have dumped the
waste in the nation’s waters which is very harmful to the fishes. Billions of masses of raw or
partly treated mess still make it to waters through combined sewer overflows systems
designed to treat sewage and stormwater in every 12months, leaking pipes, and allowable
“bypass.” (Dahlquist, 2013).
Various problems which are not allowing eliminating such problem are:

VISITORS AND CROWD BEHAVIOUR MANAGEMENT 5
New chemicals threats;
Crumbling infrastructure and underinvestment; and
Failure to control nutrients.
Stakeholders & their views
Tourist - The problem of sewage is affecting the tourism of the country. As due to
increasing in the polluted rivers, water pollution, tourist will restrict themselves from going to
such a country. As every tourist want to visit those counties that are very hygienic in nature &
environment. There will be a fall in tourism in the country (Passuello, 2012).
General Public – Sewage badly affects the general public in terms of health issues.
Various types of the disease occur because of the waste in the rivers. Domestic households,
industrial and artificial practice result in wastewaters that generate pollution in waters
(Passuello, 2012).
Communities – People of communities feel unsafe for the growth of their children.
As each and every parent want to have the hygienic environment for their children growth.
Local government- Sewage problem also affect the local government of the country
as it will lead to loss of the revenue because tourism will be reduced which will overall effect
on the income of the local government. People will lose their trust in the government if
proper facilities are not provided by the government for the problem of sewage (Passuello,
2012).
Environment – Water pollution, oxygen depletion, nutrient enrichment are all of the
outcomes of the sewage. As well as a huge loss of animals results from the sewage problem.

VISITORS AND CROWD BEHAVIOUR MANAGEMENT 6
Explore assumption
From the above discussion, it can be said that the sewage problem affects the tourism
sector of the country. It has been observed that because of environment exploitation the
tourist does not prefer to visit such places which are not hygienic in nature. The sewage
problem affects the global; reputation of the country from which the business will overtake
going to affect as people will not going to prefer the use of the products and services
provided from such country. In addition, the communities of these places also affected as the
people are started migrating from these places, which will break the communities.
The general public of the country always want to have a good environment for their
future generation but the growing problem of the sewage is not fulfilling the needs of the
peoples due to which population is migrating from the places which overall decreasing the
GDP rate of the countries. Tourism is one of the main revenue generation activity for the
government. Due to the water pollution, there is a decline in the tourism sector in Pattaya
which overall impact in the business of the people living there as well as the government
(Gyawali, 2012).
Find Information
Thailand- Environmental fund project
Government of Thailand has taken a step to mitigate the problem of sewage in
Pattaya. The government launched a project named Thailand- environmental fund project
whose objective is:
• To effectively maintain the fund.
• To support the government agencies, local administration or solid disposal waste
facilities.

VISITORS AND CROWD BEHAVIOUR MANAGEMENT 7
• To support maintain the environment quality.
This was one of the ideas of the government of Thailand to solve the problem of sewage in
the economy and generate a good environment (Mori, 2009).
Polluter pay principle
The polluter pay principle was implemented by the Thailand government which
literally mean that those who contaminate the environment must compensate for the harm
they have done to the environment. The polluter-pays principle has been implemented by the
government into Thailand environmental conversation effort. This helps in protecting the
environment as this is the type of penalty on the big industries and persons who are
responsible for creating the sewage problem. It helps in decreasing the sewage problem and
overall will help the government in getting their revenue by increasing tourism. This is a type
of responsibility on the members of society (Jaiharn, 2013).
ISO certification for the private company
ISO certification for the private company is also one of the important concepts for the
protection of the environment. These are the regulation on the companies just to meet up with
their standards so that they cannot able to affect the sewage environment by their chemicals
products. This was implemented with the motive of increasing the brand value of the
organization to keep a watch on the organization that they are not producing such type of
products which are directly or indirectly affecting the society in terms of the environment
(Boulay, 2012).
Regular inspection
Pollution control department director – General Sunee Piyapanpong said that the
department will send officers to the hotel and various places such an industry and

VISITORS AND CROWD BEHAVIOUR MANAGEMENT 8
marketplace just to keep an eye on their activities and make sure that the waste they are
realizing is not crossing the standards as set by the department especially regarding lipids.
In the recent year it has been seen that, Following heavy rain, water must be
immediately pushed out of the sewage framework to avoid flooding inland while water
likewise makes the water in the framework have higher turbidity and Biochemical Oxygen
Demand, which influences the immaculateness of the wastewater, as per the source.
So it was very much necessary for the regular inspection by the government & the
communities of the Pattaya to overlook the quality of the water and the waste emitted by the
industries and population living there (Pupattanapong, 2018).
Plans generated by the Thailand government
The Thai government has made no. of efforts to decrease the water pollution by
applying the water standards, policies and plans. The Policy and Prospective Plan for
Enhancement also, Conservation of National Environmental Quality (1997– 2016) perceived
the job of Thai governments and common culture in improving and securing water excellence
with the accompanying targets (IGES, 2008).
• Quicken the rehabilitation of water excellence in important waterways.
• Apply pay polluter principle.
• Initiatives for the reduction in water pollution.
• Support private sector participation in the reduction of water pollution.
The three plans were drafted in the motive of improving water supply:
Water pollution management plan

VISITORS AND CROWD BEHAVIOUR MANAGEMENT 9
The Water Pollution Management Plan recognized 5 systems and 15 alleviation ways
to deal with increase surface water excellence. The arrangement's expressed objective was to
accomplish DO standards more noteworthy than 2 mg/L and Body esteem under 4 mg/L in
every primary stream by the year 2007, and that the nature of waterways in thickly populated
territories should likewise satisfy national guidelines by at that point (IGES, 2008).
Domestic ways water management plan
The Domestic Waste Water Management Plan emphasis on increasing the
responsibilities of the general people living there in term of therapy, guard, mitigation, and
day-to-day administration of water pollution regulator facilities.
It was noticed that urban and civic zones generate more burden on waterways than
Peri-urban zones.
Rehabilitation and improvement plan for the wastewater treatment system for the
municipalities
The Rehabilitation and Improvement Plan for Collecting and Wastewater Treatment
Systems for the Regions of Thailand was gone for refining the productivity of wastewater
solution frameworks worked by nearby management. Enforcement is as yet feeble, be that as
it may, because of the absence of a political will (now and again), deficient coordination
among different organizations, the low specialized ability for demonstrating infringement,
and constrained access to data. To start administrative changes and develop the consistency
of industries with affirmed ecological value norms, existing order and-regulate measures are
to be supplemented by market-based tools and open revelation apparatuses (IGES, 2008).
Getting the responsibility right

VISITORS AND CROWD BEHAVIOUR MANAGEMENT 10
The government of Thai, local peoples as well as various communities will be the
members who will be responsible for eliminating the problem of sewage.
It can be sum up that the person who is responsible for creating the waste in society
will only the person who can fix the problem of sewage. All the stakeholder of the Thai
country will have to handle the problem effectively so that the problem can be eliminated
from society. The government should use their power effectively to impose standards on the
population as well as the thee will responsibility of the tourism sector to maintain the
standards. There are many types of sewage treatment one of them is on-site treatment. A
sewage or wastewater classification disposes of the waste from a community at a central
place (Kunacheva, 2011).
The community should also educate their members and apply the various restriction in
relation to the problem of sewage which will ultimately help in eliminating the problem and
will help in giving a good environment for the person living there.
Options
There are two options to solve the problem of sewage i.e. traditional wastewater
treatment methods vs. organic water sustainable treatment solutions.
(News, 2019).

VISITORS AND CROWD BEHAVIOUR MANAGEMENT 11
Although the problem of sewage can be solved by the traditional method, the
traditional method of treating the wastewater has a lot of adverse quality. Two of the biggest
sight which create a huge problem are industrial water management system, and smell of
cumbersome. Traditional treatment methods are an unproductive system although it helps in
cleaning the wastewater they are neither economical and sustainable (News, 2019).
(News, 2019).
If the traditional method will be used in the future then it will not going to give a good
result and will not help in eliminating the sewage problem in a cost-effective manner.
Whereas, the organic solution gives is a creative solution that not only helps in sight of the
treatment facilities but also helps in saving the energy consumption, land value and cost of
treatment. The specific biofilm results in a significantly smaller infrastructure impact and
creates a new era in the methods the industry treat wastewater. In the future, technology may
even facilitate for an overall green sludge administration program which companies like
Organica Water help to bring consciousness too (News, 2019).
There has been important progress in building wastewater treatment plants in
Thailand from the past 20 years.

VISITORS AND CROWD BEHAVIOUR MANAGEMENT 12
(IGES, 2008).
By the year 2002, the administration of Thai has capitalized a total of 67,290 million
baht for the handling of the wastewater. In the year 2003, 78 wastewater-dealing plants are in
the process, six were in production, and the assembly of more 3 was incomplete in the areas
of Saraburi, Nakorn Srithammarat, and Samut Prakarn.
The government’s yearly budget for contamination regulator enlarged from 500
million baht in 1990 to a high of 12,368 million baht for the year 1997, and then was decline
to 7,928 million baht in the year 2001 (table 6). These capitals have been formed primarily
for monitoring urban contamination, and dealing with wastewater problems, air, and noise
pollution, and handling solid and hazardous rubbishes.

VISITORS AND CROWD BEHAVIOUR MANAGEMENT 13
(IGES, 2008).
Alternative basis of subsidy is the Environmental Fund, established in 1992 to assist
hard work intended to resolve critical environmental problems that can include the
contribution of all stakeholders, in specific the rules of air pollution & wastewater dealing
services together with waste disposal schemes.
Maximize outcomes
Using of organic solution will going to help the present generation as well as
generations to come. It will lead to eliminating water pollution, contamination of water, etc.
Using a traditional method to cope up with the problem of sewage will not going to work
effectively as it is not cost effective and requires huge infrastructure budgets. The methods
are also not sustainable as well as economical in nature (Kaosa-ard, 2013).
Whereas, if we see the towards the Organica solution it is very cost effective and
efficient help in eliminating the problem of erosion of soil, treating the wastewaters. Organica
water developed an innovative solution that does not only help in eliminating the sight of
treatment facilities but helps in saving energy consumption, land value and cost of treatment.

VISITORS AND CROWD BEHAVIOUR MANAGEMENT 14
So it can be said that using traditional method will not be going to help as compared to
Organica water and the standards and steps taken by the government.
Conclusion
The quality and quantity of resources in Thailand have been in very much burden over
the ages due to the disappearance of wetlands, inefficient allocation of water resources, &
deterioration of watersheds. It can be said that the growth of tourism for the Thai country has
been proving good for the economy but it had also led to the degradation of the marine
environment in a coastal resource such as Pattaya. To address such problem the government
of Thailand has to top implemented various standards and integrated approach. The tourism
sector in the economy is also get affected because of the problem of the sewage. Every
stakeholder should bear the responsibility to solve such problem by taking various methods.

VISITORS AND CROWD BEHAVIOUR MANAGEMENT 15
Bibliography
Boulay, A. &. (2012). The drivers of contract eucalypt farming in Thailand. International
Forestry Review, 1-12.
Dahlquist, E. (2013). Technologies for Converting Biomass to Useful Energy: Combustion,
Gasification, Pyrolysis, Torrefaction and Fermentation. Boca Raton, Florida, United
States: CRC Press.
David, H. P. (2014). Pre-treatment of sewage sludge to enhance biogas production to
generate green energy for reduction of carbon footprint in sewage treatment plant
(STP). International Conference and Utility Exhibition on Green Energy for
Sustainable Development, 1-5.
Gyawali, S. T. (2012). Effects of industrial waste disposal on the surface water quality of U-
tapao River, Thailand. International Conference on Environment Science and
Engineering, International Proceedings of Chemical, Biological and Environmental
Engineering, 109-113.
IGES. (2008). Water and Sanitation in Thailand . International Review for Environmental
Strategies, 217-228.
Jaiharn, N. &. (2013). An Analysis of Thai Water Management Legislation from an
International Law Perspective. Yonsei LJ, 351.
Kaosa-ard, M. B. (2013). Domestic tourism in Thailand: supply and demand. The native
tourist, 123-155.
Kunacheva, C. T. (2011). Mass flows of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in central
wastewater treatment plants of industrial zones in Thailand. Chemosphere, 737-744.

VISITORS AND CROWD BEHAVIOUR MANAGEMENT 16
Larpnun, R. S. (2011). Catchment Management and Coral Reef Conservation: a practical
guide for coastal resource managers to reduce damage from catchment areas based on
best practice case studies. Practical Coral reef management on small islanD:
Controlling seDiment on koh tao, thailanD, 88.
Mills, N. P. (2014). Waste management. Environmental & economic life cycle assessment of
current & future sewage sludge to energy technologies., 185-195.
Mori, A. (2009, March). Thailand Environmental Fund Project Ex-Post Evaluation .
Retrieved from www.jica.go.jp:
https://www.jica.go.jp/english/our_work/evaluation/oda_loan/post/2006/pdf/
project04_full.pdf
News, O. (2019, January 30). TRADITIONAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT METHODS VS.
ORGANICA SOLUTIONS. Retrieved from www.organicawater.com:
https://www.organicawater.com/traditional-wastewater-treatment-methods-vs-
organica-solutions/
Passuello, A. C. (2012). A spatial multicriteria decision making tool to define the best
agricultural areas for sewage sludge amendment. Environment international, 1-9.
Pupattanapong, C. (2018, May 14). Uproar over Pattaya beach wastewater . Bangkok Post.
Tolentino, C. (2018, June 1). Stricter laws with stiff penalties on Thailand’s troubled islands.
Retrieved from www.traveldailymedia.com:
https://www.traveldailymedia.com/stricter-laws-with-stiff-penalties-on-thailands-
troubled-islands/
Tsuzuki, Y. K. (2010). Municipal wastewater characteristics in Thailand and effects of soft
intervention measures in households on pollutant discharge reduction. Water Science

VISITORS AND CROWD BEHAVIOUR MANAGEMENT 17
and Technology, 231-244.
Wallace, C. P. (2010, January 14). Trouble Oozes in Thailand Paradise : Pollution: Pattaya,
once internationally acclaimed as a resort, has become an ecological disaster area.
Retrieved from www.latimes.com: https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2010-
01-14-mn-297-story.html