Comprehensive Report on Peptic Ulcer Disease: A Detailed Analysis

This report provides a comprehensive overview of peptic ulcer disease, covering its causes, treatments, and preventive measures. The report begins by defining peptic ulcers as painful sores in the stomach, small intestine, or esophagus, often resulting from bacterial infections or erosion of the protective lining. It delves into the various factors contributing to the development of peptic ulcers, including smoking, excessive use of painkillers, alcohol consumption, certain medications, stress, and the presence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacteria. The report then discusses the treatments for peptic ulcers, which primarily focus on reducing stomach acid levels and eradicating H. pylori infections through the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), antibiotics, H2 blockers, and antacids. It emphasizes the importance of follow-up treatment after medication completion. Finally, the report highlights preventive measures, such as maintaining good hygiene, using pain relievers cautiously, and adopting lifestyle changes like quitting smoking and limiting alcohol consumption. The report references several scholarly articles to support its findings and provides a well-rounded understanding of peptic ulcer disease.

Running head: PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE 1
Peptic Ulcer Disease
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Institution

PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE 2
Peptic Ulcer Disease
Peptic ulcer disease are painful open sores in the lining of the stomach, small intestine or
even the lower esophagus. According to Lanas, and Chan (2017), peptic ulcers are caused by
inflammation due to bacterial infections or even when the stomach acids etch away the protective
layer of mucus within the digestive tract. The breakdown in the lining of stomach, small intestine
and esophagus can be as a result of different factors. These include smoking, frequent use of pain
killers, taking alcohol, taking spicy food, taking other certain medications along with NSAIDs,
having untreated stress and helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacteria. If left untreated, then in
future, peptic ulcer may result into internal bleeding, infection and obstruction. It may also result
into peritonitis, and hemodynamic instability. Prabhu, and Shivani (2014) argue that the
treatment of peptic ulcer depends on the underlying cause and always focus on lowering the
levels of stomach acid or even eradicating the infections caused by the H. pylori. These include
the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and antibiotics to clear the H. pylori infection and non-
steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. H2 blockers and antacids can also b used to treat peptic ulcers.
It is important to note that after the completion of medication, an individual should still visit the
doctor for follow-up treatment. To prevent peptic ulcer, an individual should avoid infections by
observing basic food and hand washing hygiene, as well as using pain relievers with caution.
Satoh et al. (2016) argue that certain lifestyle choices and habits like quitting smoking and
drinking alcohol can help prevent peptic ulcer. Also, dietary changes can help in treating and
preventing peptic ulcer.

PEPTIC ULCER DISEASE 3
References
Lanas, A., & Chan, F. K. (2017). Peptic ulcer disease. The Lancet, 390(10094), 613-624.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)32404-7
Prabhu, V., & Shivani, A. (2014). An overview of history, pathogenesis and treatment of
perforated peptic ulcer disease with evaluation of prognostic scoring in adults. Annals of
medical and health sciences research, 4(1), 22-29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2141-
9248.126604
Satoh, K., Yoshino, J., Akamatsu, T., Itoh, T., Kato, M., Kamada, T., ... & Murakami, K. (2016).
Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for peptic ulcer disease 2015. Journal of
gastroenterology, 51(3), 177-194. Retrieved from
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00535-016-1166-4