ECU School of Nursing: NUM1204 - Nursing Critique 2 Assignment Report

This report critically analyzes the research article "Incidence and Severity risk factors of peripheral cannula-induced complications: An observable prospective study." The report summarizes the article's findings, including the prevalence of phlebitis, infiltration, occlusion, and catheter dislodgement. It assesses the literature review, methodology (including quantitative and qualitative aspects), data analysis, and ethical considerations. The critique evaluates the study's strengths, limitations (such as the single-center setting), and relevance to clinical practice. It examines the authors' credibility, the currency of cited references, and the clarity of the study's aims and objectives. The report highlights the study's implications for healthcare professionals and stakeholders, and its relevance to education and future research in the field of nursing, especially regarding the reduction of complications associated with peripheral venous cannulation.

Running Head: NURSING CRITIQUE 1
Nursing Critique
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation

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Summary of the article
The journal “Incidence and Severity risk factors of peripheral cannula-induced
complications: An observable prospective study” has described the implications of peripheral
cannula-induced effects. The title truly reflects the content of the article since it talks about the
complications that are caused by the PVCs. The authors of this article had no conflict of interest;
hence, they were authentic in carrying out the research. For instance, Dragana Simin is an
assistant professor in the department of nursing at the University of Novi. In this article, the
abstract has aims and objectives, which are to ascertain the incidence, severity, and risk elements
of peripheral intravenous cannula-induced effects. It also contains the background which
explains more information about peripheral venous cannulation in victims who are hospitalized,
and complications like dislodgement, infiltration, phlebitis, and occlusion. There are pieces of
literature that have shown the discrepancy in their occurrences, and the identification of a broad
range of risk elements and data on the happenings of severity are not enough ( Tan, Tai, Sim, &
Ng, 2017). The abstract also shows that the design that was used in the research is a prospective
observational study. It also indicates the methods that were used for data collection, such as
peripheral intravenous cannula insertion among patients who are adults at the tertiary health
clinics. The data collection and analysis encompassed victims medical information and the
information associated with each cannula and the information on the type of administered
treatments and recommendations. In addition, the report of this study is in line with the STROBE
guidelines. Therefore, all the rules and regulations were followed by keenly.
Furthermore, the results were explained clearly. The results indicated that phlebitis is the
first when it comes to complications of the peripheral intravenous cannula with 44%

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occurrences, then it is followed by infiltration, occlusion, and catheter dislodgement, respectively
(Urbanetto, Peixoto & May, 2016). It has discussed them in detail in the article. The abstract also
contains a conclusion that has summarized the effects and the challenges that have been
identified. It also indicates its relevance to practice and draws attention to a category of patients
who are vulnerable and pharmacological risk elements for the development of the complications.
Literature review
The literature reviews that were used were up to date, such as the study was done by
Alexandrou et al., 2018; Do Rego Furtado, 2011; and Wallis et al., 2015, which shows more
information about the difficulty of insertion, infiltration, occlusion, and dislodgement. The
studies also explain the reasons that could potentially be related to critical venous access. It also
indicated that the phlebitis is the dominant predator of the PVCs' failure. In addition, the current
cross-sectional research that was done in 51 nations agreed that phlebitis has remained to be a
clinical issue globally. This explains that the study used the current research was used to develop
the article, and more information was borrowed so that people could understand the basis of the
study. In addition, more studies were consulted, such as a study done by the Infusion Nurses
Society, which indicates that the rate of phlebitis must be only 5%. It also suggests that the
average incidence of phlebitis is the most overlooked aspect of prospective observable studies.
The gap has been shown clearly and has been discussed in detail and has been well explained.
The aims and objectives of the study were clearly stated, which was to investigate the incidence,
severity, and risk elements of peripheral intravenous cannula-induced effects.
Quantitative method

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Inclusion criteria were used for patients who were 18 years, and below which showed IV
therapy through a peripheral venous cannula, which was expected to last for a long time and oral
consent that was noted down to be part of the research. Furthermore, exclusion criteria were
done as follows: all the victims who got intravenous therapy through the peripheral veins in 10
days immediately before the actual hospitalization to avoid the effect of chemical and
mechanical traumas induced by past occurences which may add the risk of phlebitis appearing in
the same place immediately after the previous one has been removed. The study has indicated its
participants or respondents and how the study was done (Wallis et al., 2014). Data were collected
by nurses who were part of the research since it was taking place at a tertiary health center. In
addition, numerical variables were presented by mean and measures of variability, whereas
attribute variables were performed using percentage and incidence. The instruments that were
used at the time of the study were valid and reliable.
Quantitative data analysis
Appropriate statistical procedures were used, such as chi-square and Pearson, to analyze
data. This displays the results and shows how the variables relate to each other. The results are
statistically significant because it shows all the variables and how they are related to each other.
Qualitative data collection
The medical data encompassed gender, body mass index (BMI) and comorbidities, and
dominant hand smoking and habits that are related to PVC. Therefore, the strategies were hand
in hand with the research questions such as, "What are the risk elements, the features of PVC,
and the kind of therapy administered that might cause complications? The study was conducted
in a natural setting, and a human experience since the patients and the nurses were used as

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respondents. This has made the study a success because of its originality (Washington & Barrett,
2012). The respondents in the study were selected based on the ages and compatibility with the
study. The participants of the study were given written consent that asks their permission to be
included in the study, and their confidentiality was also assured.
Moreover, the execution of the study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the
Clinical Center of Vojvodina and the medical faculty of the University of Novi Sad. This study
followed all the procedures that were required during the investigation. The method of data
collection is auditable since the nurses recorded all the information that was acquired. For
instance, one of the strategies was cannula placement data, where nurses recorded immediately
after the cannulation encompassed the appearance for the placement of PVCs. In addition,
cannula monitoring data that was based on the assessment of the presence of the PVC were
recorded on a daily basis. There was also cannula removal data that encompassed the possible
explanations from the removal of the cannula.
Qualitative data analysis
The Statistical Package for Social Sciences software package version 21was used for
statistical processing information. This software is efficient since it can process large amounts of
data. In addition, Pearson and chi-square were used to test the difference in the incidences of
attribute values. This is essential because it enabled the researchers to work out the variables
effectively. The data analysis was in agreement with the research question, which was to
determine the peripheral cannula induced complications. It has given the participants more
information regarding the complexities and how they can counter it when it affects them. It has
also provided more information to the public, and research centers on what needs to be done by
various stakeholders. However, some terms in the study were not clearly explained.

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Findings
The results and the discussion have been clearly elaborated, and the results have been
placed in a table format. In addition, the researcher also identified and connected the research to
other studies that have been done before. A lot of information has been derived from other
studies and has great importance for this study. The results of various studies have guided the
researchers on what should be done and pay attention to what has not yet been done. It helped in
identifying gaps that have existed. However, there were some limitations of the study in the
article. The limitation was that the research was conducted in one health facility only. Although
the patients got intravenous antibiotics that protected them from harm, it led to chemical vein
irritation. In addition, the use of adhesive, which was dominant, caused problematic access to the
PVC site. However, there were no suggestions for further research in the study.
The study also mentioned its relevance to clinical practice. The study will have positive
impacts on clinical practice, such as encouraging all stakeholders to add more funding to engage
in healthcare. It is impossible to generalize since it was only done in one clinic; therefore, it
cannot ascertain the situations in other healthcare facilities. It will also help the stakeholders to
educate more nurses who can help in reducing this kind of issues as it might rise every time.
Conclusion
The conclusion of the article was not comprehensive. It does not provide a summary of
the piece well. Therefore, it needs to be reviewed in order to provide a comprehensive statement
that can be understood by the majority.

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References
Alexandrou, E., Ray‐Barruel, G., Carr, P. J., Frost, S. A., Inwood, S., Higgins, N., … Rickard, C.
M. (2018). Use of short peripheral intravenous. Catheters: Characteristics, management,
and outcomes worldwide. Journal of Hospital Medicine, 13(5), https://doi.org/10.12788/
jhm.3039
Do Rego Furtado, L. C. (2011). Incidence and predisposing factors of phlebitis in a surgery
department. British Journal of Nursing, 20(14), S16–S25
Tan, Y. H. G., Tai, W. L. S., Sim, C., & Ng, H. L. I. (2017). Optimising peripheral venous
catheter usage in the general inpatient ward: A prospective observational study. Journal
of Clinical Nursing, 26(1–2), 133–139. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.13451
Urbanetto, J. S., Peixoto, C. G., & May, T. A. (2016). Incidence of phlebitis associated with the
use of peripheral IV catheter and following catheter removal. Revista Latino‐Americana
De Enfermagem, 24, e2746. https://doi.org/10.1590/1518-8345.0604.2746
Wallis, M. C., McGrail, M., Webster, J., Marsh, N., Gowardman, J., Geoffrey Playford, E., &
Rickard, C. M. (2014). Risk factors for peripheral intravenous catheter failure: A
multivariate analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial. Infection Control and
Hospital Epidemiology, 35(1), 63–68. https://doi.org/10.1086/674398
Wallis, M. C., McGrail, M., Webster, J., Marsh, N., Gowardman, J., Geoffrey Playford, E., &
Rickard, C. M. (2014). Risk factors for peripheral intravenous catheter failure: A
multivariate analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial. Infection Control and
Hospital Epidemiology, 35(1), 63–68. https://doi.org/10.1086/674398
Washington, G. T., & Barrett, R. (2012). Peripheral phlebitis: A point‐ prevalence study. Journal
of Infusion Nursing, 35(4), 252–258. https:// doi.org/10.1097/NAN.0b013e31825af30