Personal Exposure Limits (PELs) and Sampling Procedures: A Report

This report delves into the realm of Personal Exposure Limits (PELs) and sampling procedures, focusing on key chemicals like Benzene, Formaldehyde, and Inorganic Arsenic. It begins by defining PELs as legal limits established by OSHA to protect employees from chemical and physical hazards. The report details the PEL for Benzene, its classification, uses, and the amended standards regarding exposure limits. It then moves on to Formaldehyde, discussing its uses in building materials, its properties, and the importance of unbiased employee health measurements. Finally, the report covers Inorganic Arsenic, outlining its natural occurrence, sampling methods involving filters and spectroscopy, and the importance of monitoring to maintain safety standards. The report concludes with a list of relevant references, including books and journal articles supporting the information presented.

Personal Exposure Limits
PELs and Sampling
Procedures

Table of Contents
MAIN BODY.............................................................................................................................3
Permissible exposure limit.....................................................................................................3
Benzene:..............................................................................................................................3
Formaldehyde.....................................................................................................................3
Inorganic Arsenic:...............................................................................................................4
REFERENCES...........................................................................................................................5
Books and journal...................................................................................................................5

MAIN BODY
Permissible exposure limit
It is legal limit in united nation for exposure of employee to chemical sustain or physical
agents which have high noise. Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)
established permissible exposure limits. This gets power from Occupational Safety and
Health (OSH) Act in 1970. While working in organization there are three chemicals which
are under OSHA observation and can be used by firm which are helpful in determining.
Those chemicals are mentioned below:
Benzene:
It contain hydrogen and carbon atoms only benzene is classified as hydrocarbon category
Benzene is natural constituent of crude oil and a primary petrochemical because of cyclic
continuous rebounds between carbon atoms benzene is classified in aromatic hydrocarbon it
sometime confuse PH and is a colourless and high flammable liquid with a sweet smell It also
responsible for aroma around petrol station. It is used in structure like ok
ethylbenzene and cumene of which millions of kilogram is produced annually Amendment of
existing standard for Occupational Exposure to Benzene. The revised standard reduces the
permissible exposure limit (PEL) from 10 parts benzene per million parts of air (10 ppm) to
an eight (8)-hour time-weighted average (TWA) of 1 ppm and a short-term exposure limit
(STEL) of 5 ppm. Provides for methods of compliance, personal protective equipment,
employee monitoring, medical surveillance, medical removal protection, communication of
hazards to employees, regulated areas, and recordkeeping. The amended standard takes effect
on December 10, 1987 Petito Boyce, Sax,& Cohen (2017).
Formaldehyde:
It is a colourless strong smelling gas which is used to make building materials and many
household products it is used in pressure wood product such as practice gold plywood of fibre
Woods lose and other things and certain illusions materials. This is quickly born down in air

journey within hours it dissolves easily in water but it does not last long there after dissolving
in water it can called as formalin which is commonly used as industrial disinfectant and as a
preservative in funeral homes and medical labs. Humans and animals also make this element
as a part of their metabolic process For protecting the employee and their health at their
measurement must be represented and unbiased the proper measure of employee explosion
required more than that took uncommitted comment on the part of the employee is mandatory
requirement establish of baseline under which circumstances of all questions regarding
employee exclusion will be answered Crosley (2016)
Inorganic Arsenic:
It is a natural occurring element which can be found as a combination with other inorganic or
organic substance but forming many different compounds. These are found in solid sediment
and groundwater. This can be found naturally or with the effect of mining and other human
activities. Inorganic arsenic particulate in the air is composed by picture a recognized volume
of the air complete a 0.8-μm mixed-cellulose ester (MCE) filter and holdup pack using a
standardized individual sample drive. A chemically preserved backup pad is used if volatile
mineral arsenic species are suspected. Air filters, backup pads, wipes (smear tabs), and bulks
are processed with nitric acid and soothed by addition of nickel. After digestion, a small
amount of hydrochloric acid is added. Arsine collected on charcoal is extracted using a dilute
nitric acid/nickel solution. All samples are then diluted to volume and analysed by atomic
absorption spectroscopy using a heated graphite atomizer Hamzah, Mohd Tamrin & Ismail
(2016)

REFERENCES
Books and journal
Hamzah, N. A., Mohd Tamrin, S. B., & Ismail, N. H. (2016). Metal dust exposure and lung
function deterioration among steel workers: an exposure-response
relationship. International journal of occupational and environmental health, 22(3),
224-232.
Crosley, E. (2016). COMPARISON OF SAMPLE METHODS AND RESULTS FOR
HEXAVALENT CHROMIUM EXPOSURES AT LANGLEY AFB.
Petito Boyce, C., Sax, S. N., & Cohen, J. M. (2017). Particle size distributions of lead
measured in battery manufacturing and secondary smelter facilities and implications
in setting workplace lead exposure limits. Journal of occupational and
environmental hygiene, 14(8), 594-608.