Personal Training Project: Specific Populations and Older Adults

This project presents two case studies focusing on personal training for specific populations, particularly older adults. The assignment requires the student to analyze client scenarios, including Thomas Jones and Soula, addressing their lifestyles, medical histories, and pre-screening results. Students must identify potential barriers to exercise, outline health precautions, and discuss the benefits versus risks of participation. Furthermore, the project involves creating SMART goals, completing action plans, and designing tailored exercise programs, including resistance and aerobic training, considering the clients' fitness goals and health conditions, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and weight loss. The project also includes referral letters to GPs and fitness test results, incorporating elements from the Senior Fitness Test. The student is also expected to determine the structural and physiological adaptations expected from the training program over time. Finally, the project requires the creation of a fitness program template for Thomas.

Personal Training

SPOA04 Specific populations and older adults
Name
Email address
Project
Projects may include short answer questions or longer answer questions and are designed to test
how you apply your knowledge into a real-world situation. All projects are completed as a
Microsoft Word document and are submitted to an assessor through MyeCampus. Your assessor
is looking for how you apply your knowledge and how you think critically about the topic area.
Case Study 1 – Thomas
Please read through the following case study. Reflect on your learning and your own research to
complete this unit.
Prepare a response that addresses each of the issues presented below. Your responses must
reflect your knowledge, skills, and application for this unit.
In this case study you will be required to undertake the following tasks:
• Answer specific questions relevant to case
• Complete a referral letter to a GP outlining your concerns of the results identified within the
pre-exercise health screening
• Review the completed adult pre-screening tool for Thomas’s case; to inform the completion
of the action plan
• Complete the action plan – outline the key pre-screening findings and create a fitness
program you would implement for the case scenario.
Scenario
Thomas’s Lifestyle
Thomas Jones (preferred name Tom) and is currently the Chief Operating Officer of a
non-profit organization. He currently lives at 14 Boyd street Nundah in Brisbane; but
travels to Sydney three time per fortnight. He is 178 cm tall and weighs 125 kg with a
waist circumference of 114cm. Tom works a 60-hour week and is currently under a lot
of stress and pressure at work and home. His wife and kids are worried about him as his
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weight is starting to increase and his energy levels are decreasing. Thomas is also
becoming quite fatigued. He would be lucky to complete 20 minutes of exercise a week
(this typically includes walking around the block with the kids on a Sunday afternoon).
Tom was a smoker but stopped 6 months ago, and is feeling better for it.
Thomas’s Medical History
Thomas’s blood pressure has been increasing over the last six months; his GP’s last
recording was 170/90 mmHg. Recent blood test results have indicated that Tom now fits
the criteria of type-2 diabetes mellitus. He has had one fasting blood sugar test with the
result shown below:
• Test 1: Blood sugar levels 9.5mmol/L
The GP also sent Tom for a complete blood test that included a breakdown of his blood
lipid levels. A snippet of the results has been shown below:
• Total Cholesterol: 8mmol/L
Interestingly, Tom broke his leg 2 years ago, which he has been using as an excuse as to
why he cannot exercise. While he is currently not taking any medication, his GP is
seriously thinking about it because of his abnormal blood test results and high proportion
of fat deposited around his mid-section. Tom has convinced her to let him address his
blood pressure, diabetes and poor lifestyle himself before being prescribed medications
for hypertension and Type II diabetes.
Thomas’s Pre-screening:
Tom completed the Adult Pre-exercise screening tool Stage 1 (results can be found in the
action plan below). The results have required the personal trainer to refer Tom back to
the GP to seek clearance for him to undertake physical activity and exercise.
Results from the Adult Pre-exercise screening tool are shown in a separate document to
this project called Adult Pre-Exercise Screening Tools for Case Studies.
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Knowledge Questions
1. Identify 4 potential barriers (including lifestyle and social) to this client participating in
exercise programs.
Thomas Jones is the person who having weight of 125 kg. His family members are tensed
about his exercising schedule in order to reduce his weight. There are a number of
barriers in front for him due to heavy weight which are as aligned below-
 Lot of stress of work because he is working 60 hours week.
 Due to heavy weight Tom is not able to effectively participate in exercise
program.
 High blood pressure
 High sugar
Due to above mentioned barriers person is not able to actively participate in exercise
program for the purpose of reduce weight which is increases day by day.
2. Please list a minimum of three (3) health related precautions for this client’s training and list
how these might affect any training session you conduct.
For the purpose of reducing weight client require training in order to maintain his health.
Precautions are something which are provided in advance to people in order to identify
better solution for their problems. For such purpose, they need some health precautions
which are as aligned below-
 Tom needs to follow proper diet in order to reduce his weight.
 Needs to do exercise on daily basis.
 Take proper treatment from medical practitioner in order to reduce high blood
pressure and sugar.
3. Briefly outline the benefits versus risks for participation in exercise for this client.
(minimum 2 for each)
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Risks Benefits
 Continuous exercise creates lots of
mental pressure which is having bad
impact on his work.
 It takes lots of time and money.
 Exercise is beneficial for continuous
maintenance of health. Through this Tom is
able to reduce his weight.
 Through which, he can reduce his
diseases like as high sugar and blood
pressure.
4. What are the anticipated structural and physiological adaptations the client is likely to expect
as they undergo their training program over time.
Structural (Physical)
Adaptations
Exercise develops a good physique. This also helps in
reducing extra body fat of Thomas.
Physiological
(Internal) adaptations
While physiological adaptation of Alex from the exercising is
reduction in stress level and depression level.
5. Convert this clients goal in to a SMART goal:
According to given case Tom is the person who having heavy weight and suffered from
stress of huge work in 60 hours week. He must use efforts to attain his target and maintain
health as well. Goals are as aligned below-
Specific- These types of goals having greater chance to accomplish their goals with in
stipulated time period. The main goals of tom are to reduce weight and maintain his
health as well.
Measurable- Goals must be set which can easily be fulfilled by person. Through this
person can easily measure their progress and set target to attain such objectives in timely
manner.
Achievable- Goals which are identified by person which must be achievable in nature. It
provides opportunities to enhance their skills and knowledge. Tom needs to work hard to
reduce his weight.
Realistic- Such goals represent that people are capable enough to attain their target and
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able to do work hard for same reason.
Timely- Also must identify goals which can be completed in timely manner.
Action plan template
1. Client Information
Title: __Mr___ Given name: ____Thomas__________ Surname:
____Jones_______________
Preferred name: ___Tom________________________ Address: ___14 Boyd Street
Nundah__
City: _________ Brisbane________________________ Post code:
_4012__________________
Age: __60______________________ Occupation: _Chief Operating Officer_
2. Medical History Information
Record all relevant medical information and test results from Thomas’s case study below.
Minimum of 5 should be recorded.
(Type your answer here)
 Blood sugar levels 9.5mmol/L- This is the medical treatment which conducted for
the purpose of identify level of blood sugar. Due to heavy weight it has been increased in
the body of Tom.
 Test of Cholesterol level- It is compulsory test to identify fat level of person in their
body. 8mmol/L determine in the body of Tom which is higher then the required level. And
medical department provide required suggestion to them in order to reduce their weight.
 Adult Pre-exercise screening tool Stage 1.
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 Weight test in order to maintain health of people after testing is analyses that the
weight is 125 kg.
 Height 178 cm and waist 114 cm.
3. Results from Stage One – Pre-screening test
The below questions are asked as part of an interview.
1. Has your doctor ever told you that you have a heart condition or have you ever
suffered a stroke? Yes/ No
2. Do you ever experience unexplained pains in your chest at rest or during physical
activity/exercise? Yes/ No
3. If you have diabetes (type I or type II) have you had trouble controlling your blood
glucose in the last 3 months? Yes/ No
4. Is a referral required? Why/ Why not?
Notes:
(Type your notes here)
Pre-screening test needs to be conducted of Tom in order to maintain his health. Person
required to conduct continuous check-up of level of diabetes in order to control its level.
The GP has sent a letter back to the PT indicating that Tom can start slow with a fitness regime
and that it would be a beneficial for him given his current condition. The GP has told Tom to
monitor his heart rate during exercise as a gauge of how he is going.
Thomas’s Fitness Test Results:
There are specific fitness tests for different populations – Thomas has previously completed the
Senior Fitness Test. Older adults need to have adequate strength, flexibility and aerobic fitness
to accomplish everyday tasks. For further information on the components of the Senior Fitness
test, please refer to the additional resources.
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Thomas did not score too well in the following Senior Fitness tests:
• Chair Sit and Reach Test result below average -3.0
• 2 Minute Step Test result below average 80.
Thomas’s Exercise Goals:
1. Wants to develop an exercise program to reduce his blood pressure
2. Implement an exercise program that results in weight loss
3. Wants to lose 20 kg of weight in the next 6 months
4. Wants to focus on reshaping his body.
Exercise Program for Thomas.
Using Thomas’s data complete the resistance and aerobic program templates. In this program
you will need to record five (5) resistance exercise examples relevant to this case.
Warm up:
1. He have to go for jogging each day.
2. Go gym on regular basis.
3. Needs to stretch out entire body for boosting up level of confidence.
4. Use yoga for each day.
5. Try to burn fat for reduce further health deceases.
Case Study 2– Soula
Please read through the following case study. Reflect on your learning and your own research to
complete this unit.
Prepare a response that addresses each of the issues presented below. Your responses must
reflect your knowledge, skills, and application for this unit.
In this case study, you will be required to undertake the following tasks:
• Answer specific questions relevant to case
• Complete a referral letter to a GP outlining your concerns of the results identified within the
pre-exercise health screening
• Review the completed adult pre-screening tool for Soula’s case; to inform the completion of
the action plan
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• Complete the action plan – outline the key pre-screening findings and create a fitness
program you would implement for the case scenario.
Scenario
Soula’s Family History and Lifestyle
Soula is retired and living in Melbourne with her daughter in a granny-flat. Her current
address is 27 Brisbane Street Essendon Melbourne 3247. She is 158 cm tall and weighs
79 kg with a waist circumference of 105cm. Soula has worked as a thoracic surgeon for
40 years and as a result has arthritis in her wrist, fingers and knees. Over the last five (5)
years she has had reduced movement that is impacting on her quality of life. Recently
she has been asked to give three (3) guest lectures at the University of Melbourne, which
she is really excited about. She is worried about her fatigue and wants to get specialised
fitness advice to address her specific needs. She smoked when she was younger; but quit
over 50 years ago. She does enjoy a couple of drinks at night.
Soula’s Medical History
Soula’s blood pressure has been increasing over the last twelve (12) months; her GP’s
last recording was 160/85 mmHg. Recent blood test results are positive for Rheumatoid
factor a definitive diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis was made and she was sent to the
Rheumatologist for a follow up appointment. Father passed away from a heart attack at
age 51.
The GP also sent Soula for a complete blood test that included a breakdown of her blood
lipid levels. A snippet of the results has been shown below:
• Total Triglycerides: 4mmol/L
The Rheumatologist wants Soula to go on medication to address the disorder but she
wants to try exercise to address the inflammatory nature of her disorder. Aside from this
she has perfect health she has never broken any bones or been in any serious accidents.
Soula’s Pre-screening:
Soula completed the Adult Pre-exercise screening tool Stage 1 (results can be found in
the action plan below part 3). The results have required the personal trainer to refer
Soula back to the GP to seek guidance for her to undertake physical activity and
exercise.
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Results from Stage Two and Three – Pre-exercise screening tool
Data from Soula’s case study for stage 2 and 3 of the Adult Pre-screening Exercise Tool
is shown below
Results from the Adult Pre-exercise screening tool are shown in a separate document to
this project called Adult Pre-Exercise Screening Tools for Case Studies.
Knowledge Questions
1. Identify 4 potential barriers (including lifestyle and social) to this client participating in
exercise programs
Soula is living in a granny flat with her daughter and her father passed due to heart attack
at age of 51. These are following barriers which restricts Soula to actively participate in
daily routine exercises are:
 Soula is suffering from arthritis in fingers, wrist and knees.
 Accumulated fat.
 Increased blood pressure.
2. Please list 2 health related precautions for Soula’s training and list how these might affect
any training session you conduct with her.
Precautions are the measures which are taken in order to decrease the chances of suffering
or any disease. The various precautions for Soula are defined as below:
 Take care of proper physical health
 Control in high lipid diet
 Control increasing blood pressure by adopting healthy diet
 Follow all medication to reduce effect of Arthritis.
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3. Briefly outline the benefits versus risks for participation in exercise for this client. (minimum
2 for each)
Risks Benefits
 Excessive exercise may weaken the
cartilage and may develop severe
arthritis and leads to inability to
move.
 Large amount of exercising also
having great risk of lack of energy
stored in body because of higher
consumption of fat, sugar level.
 Exercise is good for increasing the
strength of muscles of knees, wrist
which helps Soula for maintaining
balance in body.
 Exercise brings higher flexibility
due to increased mobility and
movement between bones.
 Exercise also helps in controlling
excessive fat of body and contribute
in reduction of weight which helps
in better movement of body.
4. Explain the benefits of exercise and the anticipated structural and physiological adaptations
as they relate to client goals and needs?
Structural (physical)
Adaptations
Exercise brings many changes in the physical and structural
components of body. Structural changes which can be
concluded from the exercise such as better body posture,
increased muscle strength. This helps in developing a strong
and balanced body structure.
Physiological
(Internal) adaptations
Longer exercise can help in reducing the stress level and also
contribute in strengthening the respiratory system of
individual. Soula can lose body fat through adopting exercise
in routine. Exercise also helps in maintaining body fluids level
and also balances the various ions in body and improve to
sleeping patterns.
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5. Convert this client’s goal in to a SMART goal:
Soula should work according to the target and Smart goals that are to be achieved during
training and exercise so that the efforts of patient can bring better results to individual
body. The specific Smart goals for Soula to deal with increased weight and arthritis are as
follows:
Specific: Soula is aiming to lose 20 pounds of weight in order to look better.
Measurable: Soula should continuously measure that he losses calories and fat after daily
exercise in order to analyse efficiency.
Attainable: Goals of Soula are attainable and realistic which can be achieved by
continuous and regular exercising.
Relevant: The defied objective by Soula must be relevant as the weight loss will
contribute in feeling healthier as well as looks better in appearance.
Time bound: achievable goals should be attained in defined time period of 10 weeks.
Action plan template
1. Client Information
Title: __Mrs__ Given name: _______Soula ________ Surname:
___Anu_________________
Preferred name: _________Soula_________________ Address: ___27 Brisbane
St_________
City: __________________Melbourne____________ Post code:
__3247________________
Age: ___________85___________ Occupation: _Retired Thoracic Surgeon
2. Medical History Information
Record all relevant medical information and test results from Soula’s case study below.
Minimum of 3 should be recorded.
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