Personal Training Project: Specific Populations and Older Adults

This project presents two case studies focusing on personal training for specific populations, particularly older adults. The assignment requires the student to analyze client scenarios, including Thomas Jones and Soula, addressing their lifestyles, medical histories, and pre-screening results. Students must identify potential barriers to exercise, outline health precautions, and discuss the benefits versus risks of participation. Furthermore, the project involves creating SMART goals, completing action plans, and designing tailored exercise programs, including resistance and aerobic training, considering the clients' fitness goals and health conditions, such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and weight loss. The project also includes referral letters to GPs and fitness test results, incorporating elements from the Senior Fitness Test. The student is also expected to determine the structural and physiological adaptations expected from the training program over time. Finally, the project requires the creation of a fitness program template for Thomas.

Personal Training

SPOA04 Specific populations and older adults
Name
Email address
Project
Projects may include short answer questions or longer answer questions and are designed to test
how you apply your knowledge into a real-world situation. All projects are completed as a
Microsoft Word document and are submitted to an assessor through MyeCampus. Your assessor
is looking for how you apply your knowledge and how you think critically about the topic area.
Case Study 1 – Thomas
Please read through the following case study. Reflect on your learning and your own research to
complete this unit.
Prepare a response that addresses each of the issues presented below. Your responses must
reflect your knowledge, skills, and application for this unit.
In this case study you will be required to undertake the following tasks:
• Answer specific questions relevant to case
• Complete a referral letter to a GP outlining your concerns of the results identified within the
pre-exercise health screening
• Review the completed adult pre-screening tool for Thomas’s case; to inform the completion
of the action plan
• Complete the action plan – outline the key pre-screening findings and create a fitness
program you would implement for the case scenario.
Scenario
Thomas’s Lifestyle
Thomas Jones (preferred name Tom) and is currently the Chief Operating Officer of a
non-profit organization. He currently lives at 14 Boyd street Nundah in Brisbane; but
travels to Sydney three time per fortnight. He is 178 cm tall and weighs 125 kg with a
waist circumference of 114cm. Tom works a 60-hour week and is currently under a lot
of stress and pressure at work and home. His wife and kids are worried about him as his
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weight is starting to increase and his energy levels are decreasing. Thomas is also
becoming quite fatigued. He would be lucky to complete 20 minutes of exercise a week
(this typically includes walking around the block with the kids on a Sunday afternoon).
Tom was a smoker but stopped 6 months ago, and is feeling better for it.
Thomas’s Medical History
Thomas’s blood pressure has been increasing over the last six months; his GP’s last
recording was 170/90 mmHg. Recent blood test results have indicated that Tom now fits
the criteria of type-2 diabetes mellitus. He has had one fasting blood sugar test with the
result shown below:
• Test 1: Blood sugar levels 9.5mmol/L
The GP also sent Tom for a complete blood test that included a breakdown of his blood
lipid levels. A snippet of the results has been shown below:
• Total Cholesterol: 8mmol/L
Interestingly, Tom broke his leg 2 years ago, which he has been using as an excuse as to
why he cannot exercise. While he is currently not taking any medication, his GP is
seriously thinking about it because of his abnormal blood test results and high proportion
of fat deposited around his mid-section. Tom has convinced her to let him address his
blood pressure, diabetes and poor lifestyle himself before being prescribed medications
for hypertension and Type II diabetes.
Thomas’s Pre-screening:
Tom completed the Adult Pre-exercise screening tool Stage 1 (results can be found in the
action plan below). The results have required the personal trainer to refer Tom back to
the GP to seek clearance for him to undertake physical activity and exercise.
Results from the Adult Pre-exercise screening tool are shown in a separate document to
this project called Adult Pre-Exercise Screening Tools for Case Studies.
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Knowledge Questions
1. Identify 4 potential barriers (including lifestyle and social) to this client participating in
exercise programs.
Thomas Jones is the person who having weight of 125 kg. His family members are tensed
about his exercising schedule in order to reduce his weight. There are a number of
barriers in front for him due to heavy weight which are as aligned below-
 Lot of stress of work because he is working 60 hours week.
 Due to heavy weight Tom is not able to effectively participate in exercise
program.
 High blood pressure
 High sugar
Due to above mentioned barriers person is not able to actively participate in exercise
program for the purpose of reduce weight which is increases day by day.
2. Please list a minimum of three (3) health related precautions for this client’s training and list
how these might affect any training session you conduct.
For the purpose of reducing weight client require training in order to maintain his health.
Precautions are something which are provided in advance to people in order to identify
better solution for their problems. For such purpose, they need some health precautions
which are as aligned below-
 Tom needs to follow proper diet in order to reduce his weight.
 Needs to do exercise on daily basis.
 Take proper treatment from medical practitioner in order to reduce high blood
pressure and sugar.
3. Briefly outline the benefits versus risks for participation in exercise for this client.
(minimum 2 for each)
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Risks Benefits
 Continuous exercise creates lots of
mental pressure which is having bad
impact on his work.
 It takes lots of time and money.
 Exercise is beneficial for continuous
maintenance of health. Through this Tom is
able to reduce his weight.
 Through which, he can reduce his
diseases like as high sugar and blood
pressure.
4. What are the anticipated structural and physiological adaptations the client is likely to expect
as they undergo their training program over time.
Structural (Physical)
Adaptations
Exercise develops a good physique. This also helps in
reducing extra body fat of Thomas.
Physiological
(Internal) adaptations
While physiological adaptation of Alex from the exercising is
reduction in stress level and depression level.
5. Convert this clients goal in to a SMART goal:
According to given case Tom is the person who having heavy weight and suffered from
stress of huge work in 60 hours week. He must use efforts to attain his target and maintain
health as well. Goals are as aligned below-
Specific- These types of goals having greater chance to accomplish their goals with in
stipulated time period. The main goals of tom are to reduce weight and maintain his
health as well.
Measurable- Goals must be set which can easily be fulfilled by person. Through this
person can easily measure their progress and set target to attain such objectives in timely
manner.
Achievable- Goals which are identified by person which must be achievable in nature. It
provides opportunities to enhance their skills and knowledge. Tom needs to work hard to
reduce his weight.
Realistic- Such goals represent that people are capable enough to attain their target and
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able to do work hard for same reason.
Timely- Also must identify goals which can be completed in timely manner.
Action plan template
1. Client Information
Title: __Mr___ Given name: ____Thomas__________ Surname:
____Jones_______________
Preferred name: ___Tom________________________ Address: ___14 Boyd Street
Nundah__
City: _________ Brisbane________________________ Post code:
_4012__________________
Age: __60______________________ Occupation: _Chief Operating Officer_
2. Medical History Information
Record all relevant medical information and test results from Thomas’s case study below.
Minimum of 5 should be recorded.
(Type your answer here)
 Blood sugar levels 9.5mmol/L- This is the medical treatment which conducted for
the purpose of identify level of blood sugar. Due to heavy weight it has been increased in
the body of Tom.
 Test of Cholesterol level- It is compulsory test to identify fat level of person in their
body. 8mmol/L determine in the body of Tom which is higher then the required level. And
medical department provide required suggestion to them in order to reduce their weight.
 Adult Pre-exercise screening tool Stage 1.
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 Weight test in order to maintain health of people after testing is analyses that the
weight is 125 kg.
 Height 178 cm and waist 114 cm.
3. Results from Stage One – Pre-screening test
The below questions are asked as part of an interview.
1. Has your doctor ever told you that you have a heart condition or have you ever
suffered a stroke? Yes/ No
2. Do you ever experience unexplained pains in your chest at rest or during physical
activity/exercise? Yes/ No
3. If you have diabetes (type I or type II) have you had trouble controlling your blood
glucose in the last 3 months? Yes/ No
4. Is a referral required? Why/ Why not?
Notes:
(Type your notes here)
Pre-screening test needs to be conducted of Tom in order to maintain his health. Person
required to conduct continuous check-up of level of diabetes in order to control its level.
The GP has sent a letter back to the PT indicating that Tom can start slow with a fitness regime
and that it would be a beneficial for him given his current condition. The GP has told Tom to
monitor his heart rate during exercise as a gauge of how he is going.
Thomas’s Fitness Test Results:
There are specific fitness tests for different populations – Thomas has previously completed the
Senior Fitness Test. Older adults need to have adequate strength, flexibility and aerobic fitness
to accomplish everyday tasks. For further information on the components of the Senior Fitness
test, please refer to the additional resources.
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Thomas did not score too well in the following Senior Fitness tests:
• Chair Sit and Reach Test result below average -3.0
• 2 Minute Step Test result below average 80.
Thomas’s Exercise Goals:
1. Wants to develop an exercise program to reduce his blood pressure
2. Implement an exercise program that results in weight loss
3. Wants to lose 20 kg of weight in the next 6 months
4. Wants to focus on reshaping his body.
Exercise Program for Thomas.
Using Thomas’s data complete the resistance and aerobic program templates. In this program
you will need to record five (5) resistance exercise examples relevant to this case.
Warm up:
1. He have to go for jogging each day.
2. Go gym on regular basis.
3. Needs to stretch out entire body for boosting up level of confidence.
4. Use yoga for each day.
5. Try to burn fat for reduce further health deceases.
Case Study 2– Soula
Please read through the following case study. Reflect on your learning and your own research to
complete this unit.
Prepare a response that addresses each of the issues presented below. Your responses must
reflect your knowledge, skills, and application for this unit.
In this case study, you will be required to undertake the following tasks:
• Answer specific questions relevant to case
• Complete a referral letter to a GP outlining your concerns of the results identified within the
pre-exercise health screening
• Review the completed adult pre-screening tool for Soula’s case; to inform the completion of
the action plan
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• Complete the action plan – outline the key pre-screening findings and create a fitness
program you would implement for the case scenario.
Scenario
Soula’s Family History and Lifestyle
Soula is retired and living in Melbourne with her daughter in a granny-flat. Her current
address is 27 Brisbane Street Essendon Melbourne 3247. She is 158 cm tall and weighs
79 kg with a waist circumference of 105cm. Soula has worked as a thoracic surgeon for
40 years and as a result has arthritis in her wrist, fingers and knees. Over the last five (5)
years she has had reduced movement that is impacting on her quality of life. Recently
she has been asked to give three (3) guest lectures at the University of Melbourne, which
she is really excited about. She is worried about her fatigue and wants to get specialised
fitness advice to address her specific needs. She smoked when she was younger; but quit
over 50 years ago. She does enjoy a couple of drinks at night.
Soula’s Medical History
Soula’s blood pressure has been increasing over the last twelve (12) months; her GP’s
last recording was 160/85 mmHg. Recent blood test results are positive for Rheumatoid
factor a definitive diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis was made and she was sent to the
Rheumatologist for a follow up appointment. Father passed away from a heart attack at
age 51.
The GP also sent Soula for a complete blood test that included a breakdown of her blood
lipid levels. A snippet of the results has been shown below:
• Total Triglycerides: 4mmol/L
The Rheumatologist wants Soula to go on medication to address the disorder but she
wants to try exercise to address the inflammatory nature of her disorder. Aside from this
she has perfect health she has never broken any bones or been in any serious accidents.
Soula’s Pre-screening:
Soula completed the Adult Pre-exercise screening tool Stage 1 (results can be found in
the action plan below part 3). The results have required the personal trainer to refer
Soula back to the GP to seek guidance for her to undertake physical activity and
exercise.
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Results from Stage Two and Three – Pre-exercise screening tool
Data from Soula’s case study for stage 2 and 3 of the Adult Pre-screening Exercise Tool
is shown below
Results from the Adult Pre-exercise screening tool are shown in a separate document to
this project called Adult Pre-Exercise Screening Tools for Case Studies.
Knowledge Questions
1. Identify 4 potential barriers (including lifestyle and social) to this client participating in
exercise programs
Soula is living in a granny flat with her daughter and her father passed due to heart attack
at age of 51. These are following barriers which restricts Soula to actively participate in
daily routine exercises are:
 Soula is suffering from arthritis in fingers, wrist and knees.
 Accumulated fat.
 Increased blood pressure.
2. Please list 2 health related precautions for Soula’s training and list how these might affect
any training session you conduct with her.
Precautions are the measures which are taken in order to decrease the chances of suffering
or any disease. The various precautions for Soula are defined as below:
 Take care of proper physical health
 Control in high lipid diet
 Control increasing blood pressure by adopting healthy diet
 Follow all medication to reduce effect of Arthritis.
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3. Briefly outline the benefits versus risks for participation in exercise for this client. (minimum
2 for each)
Risks Benefits
 Excessive exercise may weaken the
cartilage and may develop severe
arthritis and leads to inability to
move.
 Large amount of exercising also
having great risk of lack of energy
stored in body because of higher
consumption of fat, sugar level.
 Exercise is good for increasing the
strength of muscles of knees, wrist
which helps Soula for maintaining
balance in body.
 Exercise brings higher flexibility
due to increased mobility and
movement between bones.
 Exercise also helps in controlling
excessive fat of body and contribute
in reduction of weight which helps
in better movement of body.
4. Explain the benefits of exercise and the anticipated structural and physiological adaptations
as they relate to client goals and needs?
Structural (physical)
Adaptations
Exercise brings many changes in the physical and structural
components of body. Structural changes which can be
concluded from the exercise such as better body posture,
increased muscle strength. This helps in developing a strong
and balanced body structure.
Physiological
(Internal) adaptations
Longer exercise can help in reducing the stress level and also
contribute in strengthening the respiratory system of
individual. Soula can lose body fat through adopting exercise
in routine. Exercise also helps in maintaining body fluids level
and also balances the various ions in body and improve to
sleeping patterns.
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5. Convert this client’s goal in to a SMART goal:
Soula should work according to the target and Smart goals that are to be achieved during
training and exercise so that the efforts of patient can bring better results to individual
body. The specific Smart goals for Soula to deal with increased weight and arthritis are as
follows:
Specific: Soula is aiming to lose 20 pounds of weight in order to look better.
Measurable: Soula should continuously measure that he losses calories and fat after daily
exercise in order to analyse efficiency.
Attainable: Goals of Soula are attainable and realistic which can be achieved by
continuous and regular exercising.
Relevant: The defied objective by Soula must be relevant as the weight loss will
contribute in feeling healthier as well as looks better in appearance.
Time bound: achievable goals should be attained in defined time period of 10 weeks.
Action plan template
1. Client Information
Title: __Mrs__ Given name: _______Soula ________ Surname:
___Anu_________________
Preferred name: _________Soula_________________ Address: ___27 Brisbane
St_________
City: __________________Melbourne____________ Post code:
__3247________________
Age: ___________85___________ Occupation: _Retired Thoracic Surgeon
2. Medical History Information
Record all relevant medical information and test results from Soula’s case study below.
Minimum of 3 should be recorded.
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(Type your answer here)
 Blood test- results are positive towards Rheumatoid factor which states that Soula is
suffering from Rheumatoid arthritis.
 GP test- measured that blood pressure found to be increased to 160/85 mmHg
 Total Triglycerides test- this results that osmosis of body fluid is measured to be
4mmol/L which states that decreased blood lipids level.
3. Results from Stage One – Pre-screening test
The below questions are asked as part of an interview.
1. Has your doctor ever told you that you have a heart condition or have you ever suffered
a stroke? Yes/ No
2. Do you have any diagnosed muscle, bone or joint problems that you have been told
could be made worse by participating in physical activity/exercise? Yes/ No
3. Is a referral required? Why/ Why not?
Notes:
(Type your notes here)
No, I never suffered from any heart stroke but my father died due to heart attack at age of
51. Yes, I am suffering from Rheumatoid arthritis in fingers, knees and wrist which creates
a problem in exercising.
The GP has sent a letter back to the PT indicating that Soula can start slow with a fitness regime
and that it would be a beneficial for them given their current condition. The GP has told your
client to monitor their heart rate during exercise as a gauge of how they are going.
Soula’s Fitness Test Results:
There are specific fitness tests for different populations – Soula has previously completed the
Senior Fitness Test. Older adults need to have adequate strength, flexibility and aerobic
endurance to accomplish everyday tasks. For further information on the components of test,
please refer to the supplemental resources.
Soula did not score too well in the following Senior Fitness test:
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• Arm Curl Test: <6.
Soula’s Exercise Goals:
1. Start an exercise program that will assist her high blood pressure and knee pain
2. Start an exercise program that will improve her upper body strength
3. Start an exercise program to reduce her weight.
Exercise Program for Soula.
Using Thomas’s data complete the resistance and aerobic program templates. In this program
you will need to record five (5) resistance exercise examples relevant to this case.
Warm up:
1. Complete 10 pushups on daily basis.
2. 40 jamping Jacks
3. 20 Squats
4. 30 High knees
5. 10 Burpees
Case Study 3 – Roger
Please read through the following case study. Reflect on your learning and your own research to
complete this unit.
Prepare a response that addresses each of the issues presented below. Your responses must
reflect your knowledge, skills, and application for this unit.
In this case study, you will be required to undertake the following tasks:
• Answer specific questions relevant to case
• Complete a referral letter to a GP outlining your concerns of the results identified within the
pre-exercise health screening
• Review the completed adult pre-screening tool for Roger’s case; to inform the completion of
the action plan
• Complete the action plan – outline the key pre-screening findings and create a fitness
program you would implement for the case scenario.
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Scenario
Roger’s Family History and Symptoms
Roger is married and lives with his wife in Tasmania. His current address is 2 Katherine
Street Tasmania 4237. Roger was diagnosed with gout, which is a condition where there
is defective metabolism of uric acid that becomes deposited in the small joints of the feet
and hands. Roger developed this five (5) months ago, and still presents with a range of
symptoms that include the following:
• Pain and swelling in his big toe
• Little movement in the affected joint
• Reddish appearance of the skin around the joint.
Roger has been a casual drinker and smoker for most of his life and is contemplating on
giving up both habits. There is no history of heart disease or cancer in his family and
both his parents passed away of natural causes; his mother was 92 and his father was 88
years old.
He has a sister named Julie who is 60 years old and has type-1 diabetes and was
diagnosed at age 21. Other than that, she is relatively healthy and has no signs of
neuropathy or retinopathy.
Roger has tried to exercise in the past but has experienced some dizziness. Roger really
wants to work on his fitness so he can enjoy the later end of his life; how,ever he does
want to start slow. He is on a program with his GP and is on nicotine patches and
chewing gum to assist his smoking habit.
Roger’s Medical History
Roger’s blood pressure has been stable over the last twelve (12) months; his GP’s last
recording was 120/85 mmHg. Roger is 192 cm tall and currently weighs 79 kg; he has a
waist circumference of 70cm.
The GP also sent Roger to complete a 24-hour urine test to examine his uric acid levels.
His urine test came back with the following results:
• Uric acid levels: 1200 milligrams per 24 hours.
Aside from the gout he has never experienced any other health related issues.
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Roger’s Pre-screening:
Roger completed the Adult Pre-exercise screening tool Stage 1 (results can be found in
the action plan below part 3). The results have required the personal trainer to refer
Roger back to the GP to seek guidance for him to undertake physical activity and
exercise.
Results from the Adult Pre-exercise screening tool are shown in a separate document to
this project called Adult Pre-exercise Screening Tools for Case Studies.
Knowledge Questions
1. Identify 4 potential barriers (including lifestyle and social) to your client participating in
exercise programs
The following are the barrier to Roger to develop exercise activity in practices are:
 Roger may develop joint pain as he is suffering from gout.
 There may be lack of time.
 Roger may develop lack of interest towards regular exercise because of boring
procedures.
 The Roger may also face increased fatigue.
2. Please list a health-related precautions for Roger’s training and list how these might affect
any training session you conduct with him.
As the Roger is a regular drinker and smoker. In order to deal with gout disorder
efficiently Roger should follow some of the practice which are:
 Decrease intake of alcohol.
 The person should adopt high purine food in diet.
 Drink more caffeinated drinks.
 Drink lots of water to avoid Roger suffering from gout.
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3. Briefly outline the benefits versus risks for participation in exercise for this client.
(minimum 2 for each)
Risks Benefits
 Regular and continuous exercise
may develop increase body pain
and pain in joints.
 Daily Exercise of Roger may lead
to feeling of tiredness in body.
 Exercise may also develop higher
fatigue in body which develops
feeling of restlessness.
 Exercise largely will be helpful in
bringing energy
 Exercise also beneficial for curing
gout this also help in joint
movements.
 Benefits of exercise to Roger can
also be this will help in reducing
weight.
4. Explain the benefits of exercise and the anticipated structural and physiological adaptations
as they relate to client goals and needs?
Structural (Physcial)
Adaptations
Exercise helps in betterment of physical structure of body.
Roger can recover faster from the gout with help of decrease
and also develops right movement of body parts.
Physiological
(Internal)adaptations
Gout can be develop from higher thyroid level in body.
Exercise helps in maintaining balance in body fluid level with
helps of sweating. The exercise helps in maintaining
homoeostasis of body. Exercises helps in reducing the chances
of coronary Artery disease and also maintaining body
temperature at normal pace.
5. Convert your client’s goal in to a SMART goal:
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Specific: Goals must be specific which Roger can easily achieve.
Measurable: The goals should be measurable in numbers for quantity that he wants to
decrease 20 pounds of weight.
Attainable: These goals should be attainable and should be realistic like Roger is aiming
to complete the rounds of running around his block daily.
Relevant: the goals should be relevant to the need of patient. Roger should develop such
aims of exercise which will help him in recovery of his various health problems.
Time bound: The goals should be time bound, such that Roger is aiming to complete 3
rounds within 40 minutes and reduce fat upto 20 pounds in 4 weeks.
Action plan template
1. Client Information
Title: __Mr___ Given name: _______Roger_______ Surname:
__Taylor________________
Preferred name: _________Roger_______________ Address: ___2 Katherine
St_________
City: __________________Hobart_______________ Post code:
__4237________________
Age: ___________70___________ Occupation: _Retired______________
2. Medical History Information
Record all relevant medical information and test results from Roger’s case study below.
Minimum of 2 should be recorded
(Type your answer here)
 Senior fitness test: Fitness level of Roger is found less than 6.5.
 Urine test: The Roger uric concentration in urine is found to be higher. It is
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recorded by general practitioner that uric acid level is 1200 milligram in 24 hours
which is a symptom of development of gout in body parts.
3. Results from Stage One – Pre-screening test
The below questions are asked as part of an interview.
1. Has your doctor ever told you that you have a heart condition or have you ever
suffered a stroke? Yes/ No
2. Do you have any diagnosed muscle, bone or joint problems that you have been told
could be made worse by participating in physical activity/exercise? Yes/ No
3. Is a referral required? Why/ Why not?
Notes:
(Type your notes here)
The doctor of Roger never diagnosed that I am having any kind of heart conditions. No
in this case there is no referral required by Roger to take appropriate treatment for gout. I
am a gout patient and having swallowed foot and toes.
Exercise Program for Roger.
Using Thomas’s data complete the resistance and aerobic program templates. In this program
you will need to record five (5) resistance exercise examples relevant to this case.
Warm up:
1. 20 rides of bicycles
2. 30 Arms circles
3. 10 push-ups
4. 20 leg lifts
5. 15 Burpees
Case Study 4 – Elizabeth
Please read through the following case study. Reflect on your learning and your own research to
complete this unit.
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Prepare a response that addresses each of the issues presented below. Your responses must
reflect your knowledge, skills, and application for this unit.
In this case study, you will be required to undertake the following tasks:
• Answer specific questions relevant to case
• Complete a referral letter to a GP outlining your concerns of the results identified within the
pre-exercise health screening
• Review the completed adult pre-screening tool for Elizabeth’s case; to inform the
completion of the action plan
• Complete the action plan – outline the key pre-screening findings and create a fitness
program you would implement for the case scenario.
Scenario
Elizabeth’s Family History and Symptoms
Elizabeth is married and lives with her husband in Perth. Her current address is 27
George Street Broome Perth 4111. Elizabeth was diagnosed with fibromyalgia, which is
a clinical condition where the patient presents with widespread pain and tenderness in
the body. It has been 25 years ago since she first showed symptoms of this disorder, and
still presents with a range of symptoms that include the following:
1. Morning stiffness and pain (particularly in the back)
2. Pain in her joints particularly the elbows, wrist and lumbar spine
3. Numbness and tingling in her hands and feet.
Elizabeth has been a smoker for the last ten years and drinks occasionally. Her father
died of a myocardial infarction at age 47. Her mother is still living at 90 years of age
and has no history of heart disease.
She has one brother named John who is 51 years old and has had three myocardial
infarctions in the past but is now active and living a healthier lifestyle.
Because of her fibromyalgia she is worried about her fitness and needs a program put
together to take into account her symptoms and address her flexibility issues.
Elizabeth’s Medical History
Elizabeth’s blood pressure has been stable over the last twelve (12) months; her GP’s
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last recording was 130/80 mmHg. Recent blood test results are positive for inflammatory
mediators (as shown below) a diagnosis, together with her pain symptoms, point towards
fibromyalgia. Elizabeth is 152 cm tall and currently weighs 79 kg; she has a waist
circumference of 50cm.
The GP also sent Elizabeth for a complete blood test that included a breakdown of her
inflammatory markers, with results of her erythrocyte sedimentation (is a blood test that
helps detect the degree of inflammation present in the body) shown below:
• Erythrocyte sedimentation rate: 50
Aside from the fibromyalgia she has never experienced any other health related issues.
Elizabeth’s Pre-screening:
Elizabeth completed the Adult Pre-exercise screening tool Stage 1 (results can be found
in the action plan below part 3). The results have required the personal trainer to refer
Elizabeth back to the GP to seek guidance for her to undertake physical activity and
exercise.
Results from the Adult Pre-exercise screening tool are shown in a separate document to
this project called Adult Pre-exercise Screening Tools for Case Studies.
Knowledge Questions
1. Identify 4 potential barriers (including lifestyle and social) to your client participating in
exercise programs
Some of the barriers to exercise schedule of Elizabeth in order to recover from
fibromyalgia effectively are defined as follows:
Unable to walk up in morning to go for exercise.
Roger is suffering from fibromyalgia which is having symptoms of huge body pain which
is an exercise barrier for patient.
2. Are there any precautions to exercise relevant to your client’s case?
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While carrying out any exercise Elizabeth should take small steps to achieve goals. She
should take rest while exercising for longer time period. The she must take care while
following stretching exercise in order to cure fibromyalgia. Elizabeth should only
exercise when she is feeling good and healthy to complete exercise routine.
3. Briefly outline the benefits versus risks for participation in exercise for this client.
(minimum 2 for each)
Risks Benefits
 One of the major risk of heavy
exercising in fibromyalgia
disorders is increased body pain.
Elizabeth may develop exercise
induced pain which may be
harmful for fibromyalgia patient.
 Another risk of exercise may be
dislocation of bone if Elizabeth
does not follow the prescriptions
and instruction of exercise in
proper manner.
 Proper following the instruction of
exercise used in fibromyalgia by
Elizabeth helps in reducing pain.
 Exercise also helps in recovery form
the stiff body and also helps in
dealing effectively with limber pain
in body by exercising by Elizabeth
for recovery from fibromyalgia.
 This exercises also helps in
controlling weight for Elizabeth.
4. Explain the benefits of exercise and the anticipated structural and physiological adaptations
as they relate to client goals and needs?
Structural (Physical)
Adaptations
The exercise schedule for treatment of fibromyalgia by
Elizabeth also helps in improving physical functions of body.
This also helpful in reducing pain in body parts and
maintaining proper balance of body. This also largely
contribute in reducing body fatigue to large extent.
Fibromyalgia exercise also helps in strengthening physical
body structure and helps in to carrying out any work
effectively by Elizabeth.
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Physiological
(Internal) adaptations
The physiological adaptation from the fibromyalgia exercise
can be reduction in stress level and depressions. This largely
contribute in effectively working of physiological functions of
Elizabeth’s body. Execd4rise helps in better sleep cycle and
also helps in developing an healthy mind state. This exercise
also leads to reducing anxiety and strengthening memory of
Elizabeth.
5. Convert your client’s goal in to a SMART goal:
The goals to recover fast from fibromyalgia developed by Elizabeth are as follows:
Specific: The goals achieved by Elizabeth has been specific which must be followed by
her to reduce stiffness of body and to reduce back pain.
Measurable: The changes achieved by Elizabeth should be measured in quantity.
Attainable: Elizabeth is aiming to reduce stiffness which is attainable and realistic in
nature.
Relevant: The exercise goals should be relevant to the recovery plan of disease of
Elizabeth so that she can easily recover from fibromyalgia.
Time bound: Elizabeth is aiming to reduce her body stiffness within 3 weeks that states
her goals of fibromyalgia exercise has been bound to time limit.
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Action plan template
1. Client Information
Title: __Mrs__ Given name: _______Elizabeth___ Surname:
____Lang_______________
Preferred name: ________Elizabeth____________ Address: _____2 George St_________
City: __________________Broome_____________ Post code:
____4111______________
Age: ___________60_________ Occupation: ___Retired ___________
2. Medical History Information
Record all pertinent medical information and test results from Elizabeth’s case study below.
Minimum of 3 should be recorded
(Type your answer here)
 Senior fitness test: This is carried out in order to record the performance in back scratch
test and it is measured that Elizabeth scored only -5.5 points which is very much less in
amount.
 Blood pressure: Elizabeth BP is recorded as 180/30 mmHg. This is a stable BP level.
 Blood test. From the blood test, it is found that Erythrocyte sedimentation rate is found
50 which is higher in amount.
3. Results from Stage One – Pre-screening test
The below questions are asked as part of an interview.
1. Has your doctor ever told you that you have a heart condition or have you ever suffered a
stroke? Yes/ No
2. Do you have any diagnosed muscle, bone or joint problems that you have been told could
be made worse by participating in physical activity/exercise? Yes/ No
3. Is a referral required? Why/ Why not?
Q
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Notes:
(Type your notes here)
I am not suffering from any heart disease other than fibromyalgia but my father died because of
myocardial infraction and my brother had faced 3 myocardial infarctions strokes till now. I am
having pain in back, lumber pain. I don’t any referral to assist for any exercise plan for disease
fibromyalgia.
Exercise Program for Roger.
Using Thomas’s data complete the resistance and aerobic program templates. In this program
you will need to record five (5) resistance exercise examples relevant to this case.
Warm up:
1. 10 rides of bicycles
2. 35 Squats
3. 20 push-ups
4. 10 leg lifts
5. 20 Burpees
Case Study 5 – Alex
Please read through the following case study. Reflect on your learning and your own research to
complete this unit.
Prepare a response that addresses each of the issues presented below. Your responses must
reflect your knowledge, skills, and application for this unit.
In this case study, you will be required to undertake the following tasks:
• Answer specific questions relevant to case
• Complete a referral letter to a GP outlining your concerns of the results identified within the
pre-exercise health screening
• Review the completed adult pre-screening tool for Alex’s case; to inform the completion of
the action plan:
• Complete the action plan – outline the key pre-screening findings and create a fitness
program you would implement for the case scenario.
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Scenario
Alex’s Family History and Symptoms
Alex Johnston is married and lives in Byron Bay. His current address is 22 Friday Hut
Road Byron Bay 4215. Alex has previously injured his leg badly in a car accident 10
years ago. As a result, he experiences pain every day in his lower leg. He is concerned
that he is now is experiencing some type of arthritic pain. His psychologist has indicated
that it may also be psycho-somatic (defined as the presence of a physical condition
caused by a mental factor, including internal conflict and stress). He is now very
concerned that he is becoming more and more overweight and is now starting to
experience palpitations.
Alex is a casual drinker and used to smoke but gave it away five (5) years ago. There is
a history of heart disease in his family with his Father passing away at age 68 years old.
His mother is suffering from end stage Alzheimer’s disease; and passed away age 65.
He has a sister named Belinda who is 60 years old and is in excellent shape and
exercises every day.
Alex is inspired by his older sister and would really like to start exercising so he can
work out with her. However when he does try to exercise he experiences leg pain, which
really deters him from doing exercise several times per week.
Alex’s Medical History
Alex’s blood pressure has been stable over the last twelve (12) months; his GP’s last
recording was 135/95 mmHg. Alex is 182 cm tall and currently weighs 110 kg; he has a
waist circumference of 110 cm.
The GP also sent Alex for an electromyogram and nerve conduction study; this test
result measures muscle and nerve function to find out whether chronic pain is related to
muscle or nerve problems. An extract from the results are outlined below:
• Alex’s test results were abnormal indicating that the pain appears to muscular in
nature; and also highlighted that there may be arthritis present as well.
Alex’s Pre-screening:
Alex completed the Adult Pre-exercise screening tool Stage 1 (results can be found in
the action plan below part 3). The results have required the personal trainer to refer Alex
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back to the GP to seek guidance for him to undertake physical activity and exercise.
Results from the Adult Pre-exercise screening tool are shown in a separate document to
this project called Adult Pre-exercise Screening Tools for Case Studies.
Knowledge Questions
1. Identify 4 potential barriers (including lifestyle and social) to your client participating in
exercise programs
One of the major barrier to psycho-somatic disease of Alex Johnston is that
 Society
 Fear from mental illness
 Unable to carry out exercises effectively.
 Alex Johnston may not have enough time for exercising.
2. Please list a health-related precautions for Alex’s training and list how these might affect
any training session you conduct with him.
Alex should not smoke and drink on regular basis. This will reduce the effectiveness of
exercise to recover from psycho-somatic disease.
3. Briefly outline the benefits versus risks for participation in exercise for this client.
(minimum 2 for each)
Risks Benefits
 There may be condition of
restlessness because of excessive
exercise practices.
 Helps in reducing weight
 Faster recovery from psycho-
somatic disease.
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 Alex may also be having risk of
according out exercise in
prescribed manner otherwise it may
bring negative consequences.
4. Explain the benefits of exercise and the anticipated structural and physiological adaptations
as they relate to client goals and needs?
Structural (Physical)
Adaptations
Alex will able to achieve an body in shape because of exercise
and proper functioning of external parts of body and better
body movements also.
Physiological
(Internal) adaptations
Exercise will helps in reducing stress level, proper functional
of organs and also helps in developing cool state of mind and
provide an better cure to mental illness.
5. Convert your client’s goal in to a SMART goal:
Specific: The Alex Johnston develop specific goals like to reduce weight and increase
overall muscle mass.
Measurable: the goals of Alex should be measurable that he is aiming to reduce about 30
kilograms.
Attainable: These should be attainable and the gaols defined by Alex should not be
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impossible to imply.
Relevant: gaols should be accurate and relevant to the exercise plan to recover form
psycho-somatic disease faster,
Time bound: The Alex is aiming to reduce 30 kg of weight within 6 months which is a
time bound goal.
Action plan template
1. Client Information
Title: __Mr___ Given name: _______Alex_________ Surname:
__Johnston______________
Preferred name: _________Alex_________________ Address: ___22 Friday Hut
Rd_______
City: __________________Byron Bay_____________ Post code: __4215__________-
______
Age: ___________55___________ Occupation: _Retired______________
2. Medical History Information
Record all pertinent medical information and test results from Alex’s case study below.
Minimum of 3 need to be provided
(Type your answer here)
 Blood pressure: this is measured that BP level of Alex is 135/95 mmHg which is a
stable state of blood pressure.
 Electromyogram test: This is observed that Alex shown a positive test and having
significant effect in the nerves of muscle and have developed symptoms of Arthritis
also.
 Personal fitness test of Alex carried out by general practitioner also recorded bad score
by Alex i.e. -6.5 points only.
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3. Results from Stage One – Pre-screening test
The below questions are asked as part of an interview. 1. Do you have any diagnosed muscle,
bone or joint problems that you have been told could be made worse by participating in
physical activity/exercise? Yes/ No
2. Is a referral required? Why/ Why not?
Notes:
(Type your notes here)
There is not any referral required in making exercise schedule with help of trainer. I am not
having any joint pain.
Exercise Program for Roger.
Using Thomas’s data complete the resistance and aerobic program templates. In this program
you will need to record five (5) resistance exercise examples relevant to this case.
Warm up:
1. 10 alternating rows
2. 35 Shoulder raises
3. 20 plack jacks
4. 10 leg lifts
5. 15 Burpees
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