BUMAN104A: Evaluating Personality Theories in Financial Services

This report discusses various personality theories relevant to organisational behaviour and management. It begins by introducing Jung's theory, highlighting the concepts of introversion and extroversion, and then explores the humanistic theory developed by Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow, focusing on self-perception and self-actualisation. The report also examines trait theory, particularly the contributions of Allport and Cattell. Furthermore, the report recommends the adoption of the Big Five personality model for evaluating employees, detailing the factors of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness to experience. It concludes by emphasising the importance of personality assessments in the hiring process to ensure a better fit between employees and the organisation's goals, making this resource available for students on Desklib.

Running Head: ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR AND MANAGEMENT
ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR AND MANAGEMENT
Name of the Student:
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Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................2
Discussion........................................................................................................................................2
Jung’s theory................................................................................................................................2
Humanistic theory........................................................................................................................3
Trait theory..................................................................................................................................3
Recommendation.............................................................................................................................4
Extraversion.................................................................................................................................4
Agreeableness..............................................................................................................................4
Conscientiousness........................................................................................................................4
Emotional stability.......................................................................................................................4
Openness to experience...............................................................................................................5
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................5
Reference.........................................................................................................................................6

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Introduction
Personality test has become a growing trend of the organisational recruitment process
nowadays. Most of the organisations are extensively relied on the personality test before
recruiting new employees. In this context, the purpose of this report is to identify the core
personality theories in order to provide a brief understanding of various types of personality.
Moreover, the report also comes up with a recommendation with the introduction of big five
personality model that is highly popular among the business organisations.
Discussion
There are several theories in relation to the organisational behaviour. In this regard, the
purpose of the personality test is to figure out the type of personality that the aspirant possesses
and how far it relates the organisational aims and objectives. The personality theories in this
context are,
Jung’s theory
As far as the Jung’s theory on personality is concerned, it refutes the psychosexual
analysis of the human personality. The theory is also known as the ‘Analytical Psychology’. Jung
argued that there are two type of personality that human possesses in terms of introvert and
extrovert. Introvert people are identified as the people with the characteristics of shyness,
unsocial and a tendency to talk less (Jung 2015). The justification behind this type of personality
is that people with introvert type of personality are self-centred and incompetent to adjust with
the social situations. These kinds of people are very thoughtful and sensible and rigid in their
ideas. On the other hand, the extrovert people are acted just the opposite of the introvert

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personality. According to Emerson, English and McGoldrick (2016) this type of people can be
seen with the characteristics of outgoing, friendly, talkative and social. They like to express their
feelings and empowered by the ability to make quick and decisive decision. In addition to this,
the most important classification of human personality is known as the ambivert personality
propounded Jung. As far as the ambiverts are concerned, this type of people has both introvert
and extrovert features.
Humanistic theory
In case of the humanistic approach of identifying the personality theory, the concept was
developed by Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow. Based on the ideas regarding humanistic
theory, it can be argued that the humanistic theory puts emphasis on the subjective attitude of the
person, feelings and the beliefs with regard to self. According to Rogers, the nature of
personality is formulated by a comparative analysis of the real self and the ideal self of a person
(Schultz and Schultz 2016). It means people are more anxious about their ideal personality that
they are like to follow and compare it with their real one. On the other hand, Maslow interprets
the personality theory in the light of self-actualisation it means people try to assess themselves
on the basis of their perception and realisation (Greene 2017). The Humanistic theory of
personality argues that every individual has the ability to become a creative one and take
responsibility as per his capability.
Trait theory
Traits are defined as the tendency to act in relatively consistent and distinctive ways
meddling with the situation. Therefore, the trait theory pointed out some features of the
personality such as friendliness, social, honesty, perseverance, submissiveness and dominance
(Matthews 2018). However, there are two trait theories that are very popular manifested by

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Allport and Cattell. According to the theory of Allport, traits are the fundamental units of human
personality and every person sets a unique character that is called trait. On the other hand, Cattell
defined traits into two types such as the source traits and the surface traits (Boyle et al. 2016).
The source trait determines our behaviour where as the surface trait manifests it.
Recommendation
Based on this idea, it can be argued that the big five model of personality is considered to
be the best known tool for evaluating the personality of the employees in organisations. The big
five factors are as follows,
Extraversion
Extraverted people are resembled with the feature of gregarious, assertive and sociable
whereas the introverts are identified as reserved, shy and quiet.
Agreeableness
It is related to the tendency of an individual to differ. As a matter of fact, highly
agreeable people are cooperative and trusting where as less agreeable are antagonistic.
Conscientiousness
This is a measure of reliability where the high score marks as responsible, organised and
dependable and people with less agreeable mentality are distracted and disorganised.
Emotional stability
Emotional stability helps a person to become clam, self-confident and secure.

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Openness to experience
It is associated with the idea of interests and fascination. It can be argued that open
minded people are relatively creative, curious and sensitive in compare to the close minded
persons.
Conclusion
Therefore, it can be concluded that it is important for the organisations to implement a
personality test tool in their hiring process. Therefore, it will be beneficial for the company to
recruit people who are resembled with the same mentality that the organisation wants. In this
aspect, the report is in-depth and acute.

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Reference
Boyle, G.J., Stankov, L., Martin, N.G., Petrides, K.V., Eysenck, M.W. and Ortet, G., 2016. Hans
J. Eysenck and Raymond B. Cattell on intelligence and personality. Personality and Individual
Differences, 103, pp.40-47.
Emerson, T.L., English, L. and McGoldrick, K., 2016. Cooperative learning and personality
types. International Review of Economics Education, 21, pp.21-29.
Greene, R.R., 2017. Ecological perspective: An eclectic theoretical framework for social work
practice. In Human behavior theory and social work practice (pp. 205-242). Routledge.
Jung, C.G., 2015. Collected works of CG Jung: The first complete English edition of the works of
CG Jung. Routledge.
Matthews, G., 2018. Cognitive‐adaptive trait theory: A shift in perspective on
personality. Journal of personality, 86(1), pp.69-82.
Schultz, D.P. and Schultz, S.E., 2016. Theories of personality. Cengage Learning.