Analyzing Leadership and Management Roles at Procter & Gamble

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Management and Operations
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction......................................................................................................................................6
Activity 1.........................................................................................................................................6
Introduction..................................................................................................................................6
LO1..................................................................................................................................................6
P1 Define and compare the different roles and characteristics of a modern leader and a
manager........................................................................................................................................6
M1 Analyze and differentiate between the role of a leader and function of a manager by
effectively apply the range of theories and concepts...................................................................8
LO2..................................................................................................................................................9
P2 Examine examples of how the role of a leader and the function of a manager apply in
different situational contexts........................................................................................................9
P3 Apply different theories and models of approach, including situational leadership, systems
leadership and contingency........................................................................................................10
M2 Assess the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches to situations within the work
environment...............................................................................................................................11
D1 Critically analyze and evaluate the different theories and approaches to leadership in given
contexts......................................................................................................................................12
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................13
Activity 2.......................................................................................................................................13
LO3 (PPT).....................................................................................................................................13
LO4 BOOKLET............................................................................................................................20
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P6 Assess the factors within the business environment that impact operational
management and decision-making by leaders and managers.............................................20
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................21
References......................................................................................................................................22
List of Figures
Figure 1: Difference between leaders and managers......................................................................5
Figure 2: Transformational Leadership..........................................................................................8
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List of Tables
Table 1: Comparison between managers and leaders....................................................................6
Table 2: Strengths and Weaknesses...............................................................................................10
Table 3: Booklet.............................................................................................................................19
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Introduction
In the modern corporate world, businesses are taking short roads towards success. In this
journey, effective leadership and management skills are essential to carry out effective
operations within the company (Turner, 2014). However, the roles of leaders and managers differ
from each other in several terms and their functions within the workplace are also different
depending on the situation in the workplace. It has been known that the leadership and
management in the modern era businesses are two key aspects or roles that take the company
towards success. Furthermore, there is a range of concepts and theories present through which
the roles between the two can be identified. It has been known that leaders and managers both
roles define responsibility which further supports the team individuals and boosts their
performance resulting in higher productivity of the organization as a whole.
The present report is based on the impact as well as role leaders and managers to increase the
efficiency of management and operations. The selected company to carry out this activity or
report is Procter & Gamble (P&G). It is an American multinational company which deals in
consumer goods cooperation. Headquartered in the downtown Cincinnati, Ohio, the organization
was found back in 1837. It is one of the largest growing consumer goods industry that is
committed to improving the living standard of people by offering products which are value for
money. The current writing depicts the role of leaders and managers within P&G to enhance
operations and the overall management of the company further.
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Activity 1
Introduction
This activity is based on developing preparing a report in which identification of specific roles of
leaders and managers will be described. It has been known that the role of leaders and managers
vary from each other as per their position or work in the company. Furthermore, the activity
helps in gaining knowledge about various work roles and responsibilities carried out by both
leaders and managers within the well-known consumer goods business that is Procter & Gamble.
LO1
P1 Define and compare the different roles and characteristics of a modern leader and a manager
There are various definitions provided by scholars that define the roles and characteristics of the
leader and manager working within a modern-day organization.
Manager: The managers within the company are focused on designing and managing the work
at the organization for the pre-determined aims and objectives of the business (Oakland, 2014).
Concerning the case of the cited company that is P&G, it can be said that the managers within
the cited consumer goods business to develop strategies and policies for the staff members to
perform better activities or operations within the firm in accordance to the set standards as well
as business objectives. Managers within the company are distributed at different levels or
department as to fulfil or carry out the tasks based on the type of field they are working within
the cited business’s workplace.
Leaders: The primary role of the leader is to make employees of team members work as per the
standards and objectives of the business (Masadeh, et al. 2014). For instance, the leaders of the
cited multinational business that is P&G, however, plays an important role in motivating as well
as guiding the individuals working within the team to perform effectively for the betterment of
the business. Moreover, the major aim of leaders is to influence others and be a role model for
the followers. Also, they are responsible for communicating further the information and
objective passed on by the authority of the organization.
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Figure 1: Difference between leaders and managers
(Source: Monnappa, A., 2018)
Characteristics and roles of both leaders and managers vary differently in the cited organization
(P&G), and comparison between the two has been discussed in the below report:
Table 1: Comparison between managers and leaders
Managers Leaders
 The primary role of managers is to set
objectives for the business to carry out
a smooth flow of operations (Dibia, et
al. 2014).
 Managers usually communicate the
strategies and policies to the
respective team leaders of various
departments
 Managers control and give direction to
the functions or departments present
within the firm
 The significant role of leaders within
P&G is to encourage the purposes
developed by the managers
 Leaders communicate the strategies
and policies to the team members and
encourage them to work increasing the
operational productivity of the
consumer goods business
 Leaders direct their respective team
 The role of leaders is to implement
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 It has been identified that managers
create ideas for the growth and
development of the business
 Managers focus on profits and assets
 The major role of managers within
P&G is planning for the future of
business
 They direct tasks to the workforce
those ideas into reality
 The main focus of leaders is on the
people of the company (Saunila, 2014)
 They mostly inspire employees to
work
 Leaders motivate as well influence
individuals to work
M1 Analyze and differentiate between the role of a leader and function of a manager by
effectively apply the range of theories and concepts
P&G is a multinational firm with extensive operations all over the world. With respect to the
same, it can be said that the functions of the managers and role of leaders need to be proficient
and highly professional in order to increase the productivity of the organization as a whole
(Tobin, 2014).
It has been identified that the management of the mentioned company is efficient as well as the
strategies developed by the managers are to maximize the sales and profit of the firm. It has been
further identified that the function of a manager within the firm is differentiated concerning the
role of leaders.
With the help of trait theory of leadership, the role of leaders and function of a manager can be
differentiated. Furthermore, it can be said that the managers and leaders have different traits or
attributes that make them different from each other and also defines the tasks they are
responsible for performing within the company.
The trait model defines that a high level of efficiency is present within the leaders that increases
the intense desire within them to lead individuals within the company. According to the trait
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theory of leadership, it can be defined the leaders within the firm must be capable of passing
effective judgment and solve issues that take place due to conflicts (Dubey, et al. 2015).
On the other hand, the functions of a manager vary differently from the role of leaders mentioned
above.
Planning, staffing, coordinating, directing and controlling are some major functions
linked to the role of managers within the company.
To plan and set effective goals for increasing sales and profits
Direct tasks to the leaders (Byrnes, 2014).
Coordinate with the board and other departments of P&G
Control and monitor the implementation of formulated strategies.
LO2
P2 Examine examples of how the role of a leader and the function of a manager apply in
different situational contexts
The role of leaders and the function of manager apply differently as per the situations that make
the corporation work towards the accomplishment of the aims and objectives of the consumer
goods business (P&G). It has been identified that there are various functions of management as
well as traits and styles of leadership that helps in proper operations and functioning of the
management (Jeston, 2014). It has been known that in order to improve the efficiency of the
organization for refining the brand image of the business as well as increasing sales and
profitability in the highly competitive nature of the market, it is essential to use various models
or approaches.
There are several theories of management as well as leadership roles and skills to deal with the
situation of the company and grow its operations.
To deal with the situation, the theory applied to the situation concerning the function of
managers will be the contemporary theory. This theory will help managers of the company to
plan effective strategies and framework for improving the brand image as well as sales and
profitability of the business. It has been known that the cited company’s managers will be able to
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comply with the external and internal situations within the firm. As per the increase of
contemporary issues identified within the marketplace, it can be said that contemporary theories
will be helpful in managing the overall competition scenario (Calvo-Mora, et al. 2014).
Furthermore, for the leaders, it can be said that transformational leadership can be applied
through which leaders can influence employees to bring changes in the way of doing things as
well as make strategies to deal with different types of situations. This approach states that a
leader should change his or her way of doing things as per the situation or scenario taking place
within the market or anywhere else.
Figure 2: Transformational Leadership
(Source: Athledify, 2019)
With the help of this theory, the leader within the cited consumer goods company can change the
role according to the situation and encourage the team members to deal with the prevailing
challenges in the competitive market (Stewart, et al. 2018).
P3 Apply different theories and models of approach, including situational leadership, systems
leadership and contingency
There are several approaches identified which can significantly help the cited organization’s
managers and leaders to handle the operational management within the cited company that is
P&G.
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The primary approach identified for the same is the situational leadership theory (Thorpe, 2016).
The theory states that the attributes and style of working of the leaders depend upon the
capabilities and skills of employees for whom the leaders of the company are required to lead or
influence for completion of a particular task or objective. This approach or theory will
significantly help the leaders of P&G to deal with the changing situations in the marketplace or
competitive environment. The leaders will be able to train the workforce for developing effective
practices as per the experienced scenario in order to fulfil the aim and objective of increasing the
sales as well as a brand image of the firm.
Systems leadership, on the other hand, is applied by the leaders of the cited multinational
consumer goods business that is P&G to control or monitor the work of employees. Along with
the same it assists in effectively communicating with the employees concerning the changes
taking place in the marketplace or information about the policies and procedures that need to be
followed (Akbari-Alashti, et al. 2014). Also, under this theory employees needs to work under
the terms and conditions enforced by the management and as per the set standards or objectives
of P&G to fulfil the operational needs of the company. Furthermore, it can be said that the cited
business, for instance, can fulfil the objective of increasing brand awareness as well as improve
the sales and profitability of the business.
In addition to the above, it has been identified that the contingency theory will be helpful for the
leaders of the company to deal with or response to the situation that prevails in the competitive
marketplace. Contingency theory will help leaders and managers both to respond as well as focus
on changes taking place in terms of globalization and to work in that direction.
M2 Assess the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches to situations within the work
environment
It has been identified that there are three approaches to situations selected in the above writing to
deal or respond to changes in the marketplace due to globalization affecting the sales and brand
image of the cited consumer goods company that is P&G (Morden, 2017).
Contingency theory, the situational theory of leadership and system theory have been applied to
the situation so that leaders, as well as managers, can deal with the changes taking place in the
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marketplace. There are certain strengths and weaknesses identified to this approach which is
further discussed in the below table:
Table 2: Strengths and Weaknesses
Theories/Approaches Strengths Weaknesses
Situational theory  Direct worker to complete
a specific task with the set
standards and situation.
 Participate and give
individual input.
 A simple and intuitive
method (Turner, 2016).
 Not meant for task
oriented and greatly
regimented leaders or
managers.
 Shifts attention of the
leader or manager from
long-term goals.
Systems Theory  Increases adaptability to
environmental changes.
 Decisions are made
according to the
capabilities of employees.
 The focus is on achieving
the overall objectives of
the organization.
 May not always lead to
practical decisions.
 The particular style of
functioning within the
organization is not
possible (Kerzne and
Kerzner, 2017).
Contingency Theory  The theory is predictive
and provides useful
information about the
type of leadership step
will be valuable to be
successful in a specific
 Changing people at
irregular intervals is
difficult.
 Can lower down
employee productivity
due to continuous
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