This report focuses on diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, and its pharmacological treatment. It discusses the disease's pathophysiology, risk factors such as sedentary lifestyle and obesity, and the impact on various organs. The report highlights the role of insulin deficiency and the use of medications like metformin and rosiglitazone. Metformin is presented as a biguanide anti-hyperglycemic agent, while rosiglitazone is described as a thiazolidinedione drug. The study emphasizes the importance of both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, including exercise and dietary modifications, for effective disease management and improved patient care. The report references key studies and is highly relevant to nursing practice, providing insights into safe and responsive patient care and self-management support.