NSC2500 Report: Pharmacological Treatment of Endocrine Diseases

This report focuses on diabetes mellitus, a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, and its pharmacological treatment. It discusses the disease's pathophysiology, risk factors such as sedentary lifestyle and obesity, and the impact on various organs. The report highlights the role of insulin deficiency and the use of medications like metformin and rosiglitazone. Metformin is presented as a biguanide anti-hyperglycemic agent, while rosiglitazone is described as a thiazolidinedione drug. The study emphasizes the importance of both pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, including exercise and dietary modifications, for effective disease management and improved patient care. The report references key studies and is highly relevant to nursing practice, providing insights into safe and responsive patient care and self-management support.

Running head: ENDOCRINE DISEASE
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author note:

Introduction:
Over the decade, the predominance of diabetes mellitus type II affected a considerate
number if individuals in Australia. It is diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorder
characterized by hyperglycemia which resulted from a defected secretion of insulin from the
body (Forslund et al., 2015). This paper will provide a summary of the diabetes mellitus and
associated pharmacological treatment.
Discussion:
Due to risk factors such as sedentary lifestyle, obesity, family history , Obesity,
prediabetic symptoms, glucose level increased in the blood because of glycogen metabolism
and the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreases started secreting more insulin’s.
Consequently, cells become impaired to meet the demand of the body and Give rise to diabetes
mellitus and affected other organs. Diabetes dramatically increases the risk of heart disease,
diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic neuropathy (Rubino et al., 2016). The potential medications are
Biguanides (metformin), Thiazolidinedione (Rosiglitazone), Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
( acarbose), Dopamine agonist), DPP-4 inhibitors. In the current context two most common and
potential treatment are metformin and Rosiglitazone. Metformin is biguanide anti-hyperglycemic
agent used for treating blood glucose level. It improves glycemic controls by decreasing hepatic
glucose. On the other hand, it is anti-diabetic drug in the thiazolidinedione class of drugs
(Courcoulas et al., 2015). It is administrated to the patient with type II diabetes mellitus in
combination with metformin. The study is highly relevant to the nursing practice since it will
also help nurses to provide safe and responsive care to the patient, support patient in self-care
management.

Conclusion:
Thus, it can be concluded that diabetes mellitus is a disease, which require both
pharmacological and non- pharmacological interventions. Crucial consideration in this case is
exercise and dietary modifications which are required for leading a quality life.

References:
Courcoulas, A. P., Belle, S. H., Neiberg, R. H., Pierson, S. K., Eagleton, J. K., Kalarchian, M.
A., ... & Jakicic, J. M. (2015). Three-year outcomes of bariatric surgery vs lifestyle
intervention for type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA
surgery, 150(10), 931-940.
Forslund, K., Hildebrand, F., Nielsen, T., Falony, G., Le Chatelier, E., Sunagawa, S., ... &
Arumugam, M. (2015). Disentangling type 2 diabetes and metformin treatment
signatures in the human gut microbiota. Nature, 528(7581), 262.
Rubino, F., Nathan, D. M., Eckel, R. H., Schauer, P. R., Alberti, K. G. M., Zimmet, P. Z., ... &
Amiel, S. A. (2016). Metabolic surgery in the treatment algorithm for type 2 diabetes: a
joint statement by international diabetes organizations. Surgery for Obesity and Related
Diseases, 12(6), 1144-1162.