Pharmacology and Pathophysiology of Diabetes and Endocrine System

This presentation provides an overview of the endocrine system and its role in regulating bodily functions. It specifically focuses on diabetes, a chronic disease caused by the body's inability to regulate blood glucose levels. The assignment discusses the different types of diabetes (type 1, type 2, and gestational diabetes), their causes, and the impact on the body. It also examines the pharmacology used to treat diabetes, including lifestyle modifications, and medications such as metformin, sulfonylureas, and meglitinides. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle and seeking medical attention to manage the disease effectively. The assignment is a student contribution to Desklib, a platform offering study resources.

Pharmacology and
Pathophysiology
Endocrine System and disease named diabetes

Introduction
 Endocrine system comprises of all those glands which secret
hormones in the body of a person.
 These glands are situated at different body parts with different
functioning inside the human body.
 When a person gets older, the functioning of the endocrine system
goes slower naturally.
 Diabetes occurs when the blood affects the glucose level (Kemp &
Stoppler, 2019).

Endocrine System
 Endocrine system plays a very important role in the regulation of
different processing in the body.
 It consists of many endocrine glands at the different location.
(Kemp & Stoppler,
2019)

Regulation of hormones by
Endocrine System
(Kemp & Stoppler, 2019)

Function Regulation by Target gland
hormones
 The pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid gland, adrenal gland,
pancreas, ovaries, and testes regulate different body functions.
 Misbalance in the functioning of these gland promotes hormone
imbalance and disease like diabetes (Diabetes Co UK Website, 2019).

Diabetes
 Diabetes is a chronic disease, which happens when the pancreas does
not release a proper amount of insulin, or if the body does properly
not do utilization of insulin.
 It is of three types named as type 1 and 2 of diabetes and gestational
diabetes.
 Type 1 diabetes occurs due to secretion of insulin in less amount.
 Type 2 diabetes results when the utilization of insulin would not be
done properly.
 Gestational diabetes is also known as high blood sugar.
 It is noticed at the time of pregnancy (Website, 2018).

Treatment of diabetes
 Lifestyle related; Losing weight, healthy diet, daily base exercise,
monitoring blood sugar level.
 Medicinal treatment
 For type 2 diabetes drug, named metformin (Glumetza, Glucophage,
and others) given to the patient. It is given by oral route of
administration.
 For type one diabetes drug named sulfonylureas (Glucotrol, Amaryl)
and meglitinides (Starlix, Prandin) are used to treat patients. It is
given by oral or by intravenous route (Clinic, 2019).

Conclusion
 The endocrine system regulates our body functioning by secreting
different hormones in the response.
 If it will not perform in the appropriate manner then it may cause
misbalance and diseases in the body of a person.
 Diabetes also occurs due to inappropriate functioning of the
endocrine system.
 Therefore, by performing daily exercises, healthy diet, routine
checkup and by maintaining body and lifestyles, people would be able
to help and cure to the proper functioning of body systems.

References
Clinic, M. (2019, January 9). Type 2 diabetes. Retrieved from Mayo Clinic
Website:
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/type-2-diabetes/diagnosis-
treatment/drc-20351199
Diabetes Co UK Website. (2019). The Endocrine System. Retrieved from
Diabetes Co UK Website: https://www.diabetes.co.uk/body/endocrine-
system.html
Kemp, S., & Stoppler, M. C. (2019). Anatomy of the Endocrine System.
Retrieved from Emedicine health Website:
https://www.emedicinehealth.com/anatomy_of_the_endocrine_system/artic
le_em.htm#what_is_the_endocrine_system
Website, M. o. (2018, March 4). Endocrine Diseases- Diabetes. Retrieved
from Ministry of Health Website:
https://www.moh.gov.sa/en/HealthAwareness/EducationalContent/Diseases
/Endocrinology/Pages/001.aspx