Diabetes & PHC: Strategy Evaluation, Social Determinants, and Nursing

This report examines primary health care strategies in Australia, focusing on the National PHC Strategic Framework and its application to diabetes. It evaluates how the framework addresses equity, social justice, and the social determinants of health, particularly for vulnerable populations like Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. The report also interprets epidemiological factors related to diabetes in Australia, including prevalence rates and risk factors. Furthermore, it assesses the chosen strategy's alignment with the WHO's five key principles of primary health care, emphasizing preventive, curative, and supportive approaches. Finally, the report reflects on the relevance of the PHC strategy to nursing practice, highlighting the roles and responsibilities of nurses in delivering coordinated and consolidated services at the local level.

Primary Health
Care

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................3
1. Select one current key strategy in the National PHC Strategic Framework and relate this to
one public health issue in Australia.............................................................................................3
2. Discuss how equity and social justice, the social determinants of health, are addressed in
your chosen strategy....................................................................................................................3
3. Research and interpret the associated epidemiological factors relevant to the health issue....4
4. Evaluate your chosen strategy’s alignment to the WHO 5 key Principles of Primary Health
Care..............................................................................................................................................4
5. Reflect on the relevance of the chosen PHC strategy to nursing practice, considering roles
and responsibilities......................................................................................................................5
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................5
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................6

INTRODUCTION
Primary health care has been considered as necessary health care which has to be
professionally sound and must be based on standard methods and practised technology. Such
universal and well accepted health care practices are centred for taking care and ensuring safety
of the families, individuals and communities (World Health Organization, 2018). In context to
the report, Diabetes has been considered as a current issue in Australia and further it will be
related to National Public Health Care (PHC) Strategic Framework. The social determinants of
diabetes and epidemiological factors will also be evaluated. Roles and responsibilities of nursing
practices in respect to PHC strategy and WHO principles will also be analysed on diabetes.
MAIN BODY
1. Select one current key strategy in the National PHC Strategic Framework and relate this to one
public health issue in Australia
The key strategy of the National PHC Strategic Framework have been considered is
building consumer based incorporated primary health care system have been taken into account.
Under the strategic framework, the health status and prior needs of the individuals contained by
various populations were identified. The peoples who were diagnosed from the diabetes will be
supported by the health care and intervention programs will be developed to centre on prevention
of diabetes and promote the well being of the patients (Gureje & et.al., 2015).
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people living in remote areas of Australia must be
provided with the professional and additional health care and which measures helps in improving
the condition of the person suffering from chosen issue. Interventions programs for the group of
people who are at the risk of occurring diabetes should be planned by modifying their life style,
screening and testing the health status for primary and secondary prevention plans.
2. Discuss how equity and social justice, the social determinants of health, are addressed in your
chosen strategy
The strategy which has been selected from the framework demands to improve and
maintain the equity of access to the social and health services equally to all group and
communities of the people. The practice includes rendering health promotion and consists of the

screening and treating the chronic health issues like diabetes by supporting independent
existence and undergoing primary and secondary interventions and prevention programs for
maintaining equity and quality of life (World Health Organization, 2017).
All the health related social determinants, namely, geographical status, education, literacy,
right to health care services, housing are some factors which plays a very vital role in degraded
health outcomes of the people belonging to such groups. The Aboriginal and Torres Strait
Islander people, migrants, people falling in inferior socio economic class, individuals with some
mental and physical disabilities often fall in such categories. Such group according to the taken
strategic framework should be furnished with specialised health facilities to lower the mortality
rate due to diabetes.
3. Research and interpret the associated epidemiological factors relevant to the health issue
Epidemiology of diabetes is the study of the pattern, distribution and the determinants of
illness observed in the population (Halcomb & et.al., 2016). It has been analysed that in
Australia around 1.2 million of the people with age two years have been diagnosed from the
diabetes. Type 2 diabetes has been extremely affecting the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
people, estimating approximately 12.8% of age 15 and over in 2014-15. In 2013, children
between the age group of 0-14 were diagnosed form Type 1 diabetes.
The determinants which have been observed to affect the condition and risk factors of the
diabetes may vary from individual to individual. The genetic and biology of people
predetermines the health status, where the age, gender and sex factor may positively and
negatively influence the condition. The behaviour and style of living may affect the chances of
getting diseases. The person who indulges more in smoking, drinking and using drugs tend to
have higher probability of disease occurrence. The social and physical environment around the
individual may be a cause of having diabetes (Lalkhen & Mash, 2015).
4. Evaluate your chosen strategy’s alignment to the WHO 5 key Principles of Primary Health
Care
The World Health Organisation (WHO) have been following approaches of Primary
Health Care which are actually based of delivering efficient and effective services and care to the
people who seek such assistance. The approaches focus on five kinds of care, namely, curative,
promoting, rehabilitative, preventive and supportive. The strategic framework which concerns on

integrated and consolidated primary health care system for developing customer focused systems
relates with the preventive, curative and supportive approaches of PHC followed by WHO.
The strategy focuses on supporting the backward and lower communities in so that they
can confer equal health services and no social injustice will be promoted. Proper protocols
among the local medical networks and hospital will be established to ensure joint and quality
deliverance of the care in wider and broader community (Baum, 2016). The primary and
secondary preventive planning in the mentioned strategy clearly identifies the self care and such
health promotion measures which lower the consequences and effects of the deadly disorders and
major health issues.
5. Reflect on the relevance of the chosen PHC strategy to nursing practice, considering roles and
responsibilities.
The local clinical networks and neighbouring medical services working in partnership to
render joint and collective plan to deliver coordinated and consolidated services at local level by
the local social and health care providers according to the PHC strategy. The roles of such
services providers are to record and monitor the medical signs and history of the individual
(Heras Mosteiro, Sanz-Barbero & Otero-Garcia, 2016). The collective team works plan must be
provided to improve the well being of the individual. The nursing practice also includes
educating the patient about the disorders. As per the strategy, the nurse should identify the
relevance of the child health care in their early childhood years. The service providers must
undergo immunisations and vaccination programs for maintaining and improving the childhood
health.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it can be concluded that the Primary Health Care are the worldwide
and well acknowledged health and safety practices which are based for ensuring safety of the
family, folks and communities. The main strategy of the National PHC Strategic Framework is
constructing such customer based built-in primary health care system have been only considered
in this report. The strategy supported the planning and preventive measures of the diabetes and
further determinants of health like social and physical environment linked with PHC strategy.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Baum, F. (2016). The new public health (No. Ed. 4). Oxford University Press.
Gureje, O. & et.al., (2015). Integrating mental health into primary care in Nigeria: report of a
demonstration project using the mental health gap action programme intervention guide.
BMC health services research. 15(1). 242.
Halcomb, E. & et.al., (2016). Nursing competency standards in primary health care: an
integrative review. Journal of clinical nursing. 25(9-10). 1193-1205.
Heras-Mosteiro, J., Sanz-Barbero, B., & Otero-Garcia, L. (2016). Health care austerity measures
in times of crisis: the perspectives of primary health care physicians in Madrid, Spain.
International journal of health services. 46(2). 283-299.
Lalkhen, H., & Mash, R. (2015). Multimorbidity in non-communicable diseases in South African
primary healthcare. South African Medical Journal. 105(2).
World Health Organization. (2017). Guideline: assessing and managing children at primary
health-care facilities to prevent overweight and obesity in the context of the double
burden of malnutrition. World Health Organization.
World Health Organization. (2018). Antimicrobial resistance and primary health care: brief (No.
WHO/HIS/SDS/2018.57). World Health Organization.