Biology Report: Exploring Phenotypic and Inherited Traits and Genetics

This report delves into the concepts of phenotypic and inherited traits, providing a detailed analysis of how these traits are expressed and passed down through generations. It begins by defining phenotypic traits as observable characteristics, such as hair color, and then explores the genetic basis behind these traits. The report then moves on to inherited traits, using the example of hair and eye color to illustrate how genes influence these characteristics. It explains the role of specific genes, such as OCA2, in determining eye color and the complexity of curly hair inheritance. The report references scientific studies to support its claims, making it a comprehensive resource for understanding the interplay between genes and physical traits. Overall, this report offers insights into the fundamental principles of genetics and heredity, illustrating how traits are influenced by both genetic makeup and environmental factors.

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Table of Contents
Phenotypic traits.........................................................................................................................................2
Inherited traits.............................................................................................................................................2
References...................................................................................................................................................3

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Phenotypic traits
A phenotypic trait is recognized as the obvious, Observable, and measurable trait; it is the
appearance of genetic factor in a noticeable way. An illustration of the phenotypic trait is color
of hair. Fundamental genes, which develop the genotype, control color of the hair, however the
hair texture perceived is the phenotype (Scitable by Nature education). The human phenotype is
reliant on the hereditary make-up of the creature, and similarly prejudiced by the surrounding
circumstances to which the creature is exposed through its ontogenetic growth (Wray, Gregory,
51-72).
Inherited traits
My father's hairs are curly and his eyes are brown. I have the same type of hairs and eyes.
Therefore I think I have received the traits associated with hair type and eye color. Each bodily
trait in the human being’s body is affected by their genes. The sequences of the DNA affect all
from tallness to skin character to eye shade to hair color and, of sequence, hair quality. Though,
none of these stated traits are resolute by particular genes. Wavy or Curly hair, similar to
maximum traits, is the outcome of the multi-gene communication. It is established that curly hair
is a dominant trait in Caucasians and straight hair is recessive. This indicates that curly hair is the
normal trait and is best probable determined by individual single gene. Though, a solo gene has
not found to be exclusively accountable for the coiled or straight trait of hair in Caucasians
(Westgate, Gillian, Ginger, and Green, 483-490). A specific area on the chromosome number 15
plays a main role in deciding eye color. Inside this section, there are two different genes situated
very near together: OCA2 and the HERC2. The OCA2 gene produces P protein which is
involved in the development of the melanosomes, which are the cellular constructions that

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creates and stock melanin. Therefore the P protein plays a vital role in the quantity and value of
melanin. Numerous common differences (polymorphisms) in the gene called OCA2 decrease the
quantity of useful P protein that is formed. People with less p protein have blue eyes instead of
brown, for example iris people (White, Désirée, and Rabago-Smith, 5).

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References
Scitable by Nature education. “Inheritance of traits by offspring follows predictable rules “.
Scitable by nature education. Web, 06-03-2019.
<https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/inheritance-of-traits-by-offspring-follows-
predictable-6524925>
Westgate, Gillian E., Rebecca S. Ginger, and Martin R. Green. "The biology and genetics of
curly hair." Experimental dermatology 26.6 (2017): 483-490.
White, Désirée, and Montserrat Rabago-Smith. "Genotype–phenotype associations and human
eye color." Journal of human genetics 56.1 (2011): 5.
Wray, Gregory A. "Genomics and the evolution of phenotypic traits." Annual review of ecology,
evolution, and systematics44 (2013): 51-72.