Philippines Sustainable Tourism Development and Management Report

This report provides an in-depth analysis of sustainable tourism development and management, using the Philippines as a case study. It begins by defining sustainable tourism and its importance, then explores the benefits for stakeholders like local communities and government bodies. The report examines public-private partnerships in the Philippines, detailing the advantages and disadvantages of such collaborations. It then delves into tourism development planning at national, regional, and international levels, highlighting features and strategies. The significance of an interactive planning system is discussed, including methods to measure tourist impact, such as economic impact models and the stream model, providing insights into the economic, social, and environmental aspects of tourism in the Philippines.

SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT

INTRODUCTION
Sustainable tourism refers to the concept of travelling to different places for tourism
purposes without exerting any negative impact on economy, environment or society. It is
apparent that tourism industry covers large part in which various ancillary services are also
linked like transportations, accommodation, hospitality services and other recreation amenities.
Therefore, various travellers who visit different places are responsible to maintain the
sustainability in environment and other factors as well (Briassoulis and Van der Straaten, 2013).
The present report focuses on similar topic that entails importance of sustainability in tourism
industry. For this purpose, case of Philippines have been referred which is famous tourist
destination for its coral reefs. Further, the report will throw light on different contribution made
by public and private sectors which helped in promotion of this sector. Apart from this, the
sustainability concept and its planning system has also been explained that helps in deeper study
of tourism and its planning systems.
TASK 1
1.1 Benefits to stakeholders from tourism development planning
There are various stakeholders in tourism industry which can directly impact the sector
and may also be affected by it. The major stakeholders for this industry includes government,
various tour operating agencies, investors, local communities etc. (Buckley, 2012). Apart from
this, various NGOs and other organisations that are indulged in this sector make planning for
development of this sector. These strategic planning are mainly focussed on promotion of the
sector so that it can have a two way impact. The foremost effect is on entire sector which
flourishes through it while other consequence is on visitors and travellers who gain profit of
having good experience of developed tourism facilities. The purpose of tourism are diverse as it
may be done for leisure, business or for recreation purposes. Philippines is a south-east Asian
country which is famous for attractive mountains and various natural beauties of parks, rivers
and beaches. The major attraction is coral reefs for which the tourists come to visit and dive for
taking pleasing view of underwater kingdom (Castellani and Sala, 2010). In addition to this, it is
also famous for various historical and cultural places. The tourism impacts the stakeholders and
government bodies at central and local level as well. The benefits are delineated in below
section:
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 Local communities: The tourism industry involves various auxiliary service sectors like
transportation, hospitality, amusement etc. these wide sectors involvement helps in
creation of job opportunities for local people. In Philippines, the tourism sector has
contributed in development of wide job opportunities that includes tour guides, travel
agents, tour operating businesses, hospitality services etc. (Nicholas and Thapa, 2010). In
this way, the local communities are developed due to good tourism industry. The people
with better jobs have good earning capacity which directly impacts their living standards.
Apart from this, to attract tourists, government develops the infrastructures of country
whose benefit is for local communities as well.
 Government bodies: The government of Philippines has developed various projects and
campaigning programmes under which it has tried to develop travel and tourism activities
(Palacios, 2010). The famous campaign of 'Its more fun in Philippines' was launched with
similar objective of increasing tourism activities. The revenues earned with such
activities increases the foreign deposits which aids in developing economy. Apart from
this, the money is invested in development of infrastructures like roads, transportations
and other basic facilities. In 2015, the contribution of tourism industry in GDP was
10.6% and about 4.99 million people have got employment in this sector.
1.2 Advantages and disadvantages of Public and private partnership in tourism
The government of Philippines have launched a PPP or Public Private partnership
programme in which both sectors equally take part for development of tourism industry
(Harrison, 2012). Both sectors have joined hands to promote the activities of tourism and attract
visitors towards country. They have developed various sited which are on top in visitor's
attraction list. Apart from this, various areas which are in less note has been developed by taking
under protection of such projects so that they can be converted into tourist places. All these
efforts have resulted into different advantages as well as some disadvantages. In context of the
case, some benefits and drawbacks for cited sector are:
Advantages
 Exploration of various new places that can be developed into tourist destination takes
place.
 Generation of employment is done in various areas of transportation, hospitality, tour
guides, travel agents etc. (Kusluvan and et.al., 2010).
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 The job opportunities made available for local communities raise their standard of living.
 The foreign deposits of country increases that is helpful in raising the economy of nation.
 The increased revenues of government is reinvested for development of infrastructures
which is beneficial for visitors as well as for local communities.
 Different new projects have been developed which are aimed at improving the culture,
preservation of environment and surroundings.
Disadvantages
 The increasing number of tourism in Philippines may result in cross culture impacts
which may disturb the natural and original culture of country (Creswell, 2013).
 The revenue earning capacity is affected as most of the industries which are the part of
tourism sector, have seasonal nature. This makes the distribution of income wavy and
revenues also get affected adversely.
 The activities like increased number of drugs, alcohol, Crimes and other similar unethical
practices may increase.
 In addition, the environment and surroundings may also get polluted with increased
traffic of travellers.
 The investments and costs incurred in availing the facilities of tourism is high for which
the organisations use to take from customers. Thus, the focus is shifted from quality of
services to earning more revenues (Reyes, 2010).
TASK 2
2.1 Features of tourism development planning at different levels .
Every private and public sector starts its development planning by recognising its local
and regional government. With the the help of effective and proper knowledge ,we can develop
a best plan for the tourism (Briassoulis and Van der Straaten, 2013). There are various levels that
can lead to successfully design a development plan.
 It is necessary to have a clear vision about the various objectives to be achieve at
national levels for the tourism development.
 next is go regional and local levels.
 and next is go although the internationally.
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Now there is a different features of different levels of tourism development. In these all
levels has a different kinds of features are worked in different levels . all levels provide a
different services and products (Buckley, 2012).
National and regional tourism planning :
There is a so many facilities and services provided by the Philippines tourism. They do so
many things for different different levels. Tourism policy , Infrastructure facilities both are the
term which are used to attracts the visitors and they also provide Education and training
programs. For the continuous monitoring of the progress of tourism development and keeping it
on track it is very necessary to offer various attractive packages and maintains the service quality
and various facilities related to the amount, kinds, and quality of accommodation are also
provided. The important tour routes in the country and their regional connections (Castellani and
Sala, 2010) are also been highlighted and various tourism marketing and promotional strategies
are developed. Environmental, economic, and socio-cultural analysis required to performed and
various plans are need to be designed as per the analysis. Both private and public sectors apply
same criteria to develop tourism plan except some changed according to their priorities and
objectives.
International
To expand the tourism business internationally tourism planning involves detail study on
international transportation services, the movement and scheduling of the tours of tourists
among different countries. It also requires study of the major tourists attractions and destinations
and develop major tourists among different countries accordingly and various strategies and
promotional programs are need to perform to enhance the business. Behalf of the case study
Philippines tourism have a so many different kind of features at different levels (Nicholas and
Thapa, 2010). They do work properly and effectively.
2 .2 Significance of Interactive planning system and process :
Tourism evolution effects the local community in large extent in many ways such as
overcrowding, traffic congestion ,socio-culture depreciation etc therefore significance of
interactive planning system is introduced in the tourism development process which includes
collaboration, cooperation and participation of local community through the public and private
partnerships. Philippines tourism has followed the interactive planning systems to develop its
business. It is briefly explain as follows :
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1. Information related to the various tourism plans are distributed among the local
communities so that they could have an brief idea about the visitors taste, language and
socio-culture behaviour .This will help the local community to cope up with the tourists
and tackle them easily.
2. The tourism group also need to give a detail presentation to the local communities about
the benefits of the tourism with the visitors in reference to the large currency entrance
and expansion of business volume .
3. Ask the public to give their feedback and initiatives to understand their problems so that
effective steps could be taken in this concern.
4. Then analyse the positive and negative impacts of the recommendations received by the
people to develop all the process easily and effectively. (Palacios, 2010).
5. Once the local community is ready to welcome the visitors, its impact will enhance the
services and positive direction market can be promoted . Therefore, Philippines have
collaborated with the local authorities in country for their functions and approaches.
It is possible with the help of interactive procedures and system are more polished and developed
through marketing, planning and responsibility .The contribution of development team gets
multiplied and effective. Surveys and evaluation events can be organized to share the
information. The significance of the interactive planning is to monitor and guide the
development work effectively (Buhalis, 2014).
In tourism participants and development of the local community can be balanced to meet the
objectives is directed tourism development towards the sustainable environment.
2.3 Different methods available to measure tourist impact
There are various methods to measure the tourist impact but here we will study three
models and methods to analyse the various impact of tourism on Philippines.
1. Economic impact model
2. Stream model
3. Cambridge model.
Economic impact model :
The Economic Impact Assessment considers local data such as the average
accommodation occupancy levels and visitor numbers to the County’s tourism which means
this model effectively analyse the estimated changes in value and volume of the tourist in
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country which leads to income generation from the tourism in Philippines (Cuccia and Rizzo,
2011). And supported by the industry to empower country with total employment. This model
can also analyse the direct impact from the visitors. Which means those who are spending in
businesses they are directly influenced, thus this model has directly impact on supply chain.
There is a indirect impact which is related to supply chain and supportive services. These all are
services are related to earnings and considered all these activities. This model needs interaction
and collaboration of local communities for the development planning level to reach the final
decisions (Hudson and Thal, 2013).
Stream-model:
Scarborough Tourism Economic Activity Monitor model was developed by David James
Frank Hart which measures the tourism at the local level from the supply side, which has the
beneficial and inexpensiveness. The traditional measurement of tourism activity is from the
demand side time-consuming and costly. Thus this impact analyse the trends and provide
information such as percentage of accommodation services, monthly analysis of bed
stock,revenue generated by tourism and traffic implications of tourism etc. This helps Philippines
to provide capacity of accommodation to visitors. And information offered by tourist
information centre of Philippines (Denicolai, Cioccarelli and Zucchella, 2010).
These all points of steam model creates effective analysis and shows the impact of visitors on
economic changes. On the bases of visitors in country there is no method for any strategic
condition to represent the changes in poverty. Philippines are measured life style ratio and
poverty ratio in community with the help of visitors .
Cambridge economic impact
This modal is better version of economic impact model (Mok, Sparks and Kadampully,
2013) . In this model we can used top down approach. That is help in analysing the impact on
economic values of visitors and tourists. This model used the amount of data from the visitors
which helps to generate the value from the visitors also. Like indefinite proper information from
the customers . In this model offer more sophisticated evaluation of economic impact on
Philippines. There is a two stages to evaluation of impact , first is determine the value and
volume and second is analysing the impact. Both stages are done with the visitors (Moutinho,
2011).
TASK 3
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3.1
3.2
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3.3
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TASK 4
4.1 Methods of resolving with the conflicts of interests for future tourists in developing tourism
sector
There are a great opportunities in the hospitality industry as well as in wildlife in
Philippines through tourism. However, there are several issues related to the conflict situation
among the stakeholders of the local community and the government (Briassoulis and Van der
Straaten eds., 2013). Thus by evaluation it is been found that there are many issues and
moreover, they must resolve with the issues so as to develop with industry to a greater extent.
Furthermore, Philippines must analyse the various methods for solving the conflicts situations.
 Interpersonal relations among different stakeholders- It is identified that there are
different issues and thoughts of the people in regard to the achievement of objectives,
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sharing profit and taking the decisions for the upliftment of the sector. Thus, this
differentiation is due to the many reason which mainly involve with allocation of several
resources, making proper plans etc. among the stakeholders (Buckley, 2012). Further, for
overcoming this situation, they must ensure with the effective interpersonal
communication which make the development in the industry.
 Enclave tourism- In this, they reach only the potential customers and develop with the
plans which will help them to benefit at a greater extent. Moreover, it is been determined
that with the efficient implications of the policies and the legislations will help to reduce
the situation of enclave tourism at the place.
 Demonstration conflicts- This refers to the situation of conflict among the different
stakeholders which develops due to the changes and behaviour availing in the industry. It
is the normal conservative behaviour of every individual that it do not accepts the
changes easily which lead to various chaos and disharmony situation in the industry.
Thus, to overcome with this, they need to establish the cooperation and integration
between the group and stakeholders. (Castellani and Sala, 2010).
4.2 Analysing with the implications of balancing supply and demand
To achieve higher level in travel and tourism sector it is very essential to balance the
demand and supply factors in the country. Further, supply determines with a manner that help to
reach the potential tourists by providing them with different products and services (Nicholas and
Thapa, 2010). Moreover, the supply law stated in Philippines evaluates that with the increase in
the amount for the tourist to visit the place and other services will help to enhance with the
assistance provided by the seller. Furthermore, demand refers to the total number of persons
who wish to travel and use tourist facilities away from their places of work and residence, thus
the tourism group require to attract those visitors who are willing to visit the specific destination
through their promotional plans. Thus, it is very important to make proper balance in the supply
and demand in the tourism industry to raise with the economy of the country through marketing
and promotional plans. Here, marketing plans helps to enhance the supply whereas promotional
plans helps to enhance the demand. For this talented and qualified staff should be recruited who
are aware of current issues and have a responsible nature towards maintaining the required
standard at workplace (Palacios, 2010). In addition to this, it is effective that the hotels make a
proper hiring procedure.
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4.3 Moral and ethical issues
The tourism industry is growing rapidly now days providing the major benefits to
destinations but it also includes high responsibility towards the social, environmental and
economic factors .So, now the ethical tourism has become important for all the tourists group to
stand and sustain in the market for longer period. Now days clients after making decision
regarding location/facilities, cost and availability clients are also looking for increased quality
and experience in their holiday. Thus, by evaluating this is been identified that tourism industry
is facing with large number of issues like less amount of communication among the visitors and
the people of the local area, the employees who use to work in hotels, resorts and lodges of this
area are get paid in very less amount thus various moral ethics should also be maintained so that
local communities would be satisfied and happy. Furthermore, due to this the different sectors
such as hotel and wild-life tourism need to adopt with some ethical values which can assist in
resolving with the issues faced by them. The following are some issues which are been stated in
detail below:
 The hospitality means the harmony relations between the visitors and local community
living to near by places. This will assist them in acquiring with different resources and
other things in an easy manner.
 They must take measures to take the initiative for checking the wastage of several
resources and resolve this issue as quickly as possible so as to develop with the industry
(Cuccia and Rizzo, 2011).
TASK 5
5.1 Comparing different issues in tourism development in emerging country and developed
country
To evaluate with the issues which are been faced by different countries are been
compared in an efficient manner (Hudson and Thal, 2013). Thus, for this they have taken with
two places named Philippines and Nepal. The following are the major differences among them:
Philippines Nepal
In this the serious problems or issue which is
faced by them is in context to the environment.
This is due to the reason, as Philippines is one
In Nepal this is not the situation which means
that they do not have to face with the similar
issues as it is less popular destination for
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of the most popular destination across the
world and is successful in attracting large
number of visitors. Thus, it results in harming
more to the environment.
people.
The infrastructural condition availing in the
country highly developed.
Further, in Nepal they are suffering with poor
infrastructural facilities which serves with one
of the major issue that hinders the growth and
development of tourism industry (Denicolai,
Cioccarelli and Zucchella, 2010).
The issues related to sustainability is highly
serious in nature as it attracts the large no of
visitors which leads to develop various serious
issue of negative environmental, social and
cultural impacts.
As Nepal is a emerging country thus there is
less amount of population which are visiting
the country which results in less chances of
facing cross cultural issues.
5.2 Providing with recommendations for the development of tourism industry
MAGAZINE ARTICLE
Date: 4th February 2017
By identifying the issues faced by the country, it has been determined that it is having large
several types of cognitive contents which is required to be solved in a specific manner. Further,
the government of Philippines is required to take effective measures which will help to
preserve the culture and reducing the impact of cross cultural issues. In contrast to this, in Nepal
the legal authority needs to formulate with different types of strategies which will help in
enhancing the economic condition of the destination and should develop the infrastructure so
that it could contribute to attain the high position of the country with respect to tourism
industry. (Mok, Sparks and Kadampully, 2013).
CONCLUSION
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So, from the above report we can conclude this topic that in there is a greater increase in
the travel and tourism industry. Thus, it is important for the countries to develop with the
products and services which can provide with greater assistance to the customers. Further,
Philippines is considered to be one of the most efficient place which is successful in attracting
large number of tourist to visit the place. Thus they must take several measures for the growth
and development of the country. Furthermore, the concept of sustainability in context to the
travel and tourism industry is stated which also includes with the cross culture related to it. At
the end, it has evaluated that the government of said country can make some measures which
will help in maintaining the balance between supply and demand and gaining the sustainable
environment.
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