Physical Health Conditions: An Angina Report Analysis

This report delves into the understanding of angina, a form of chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle, also known as angina pectoris. It begins with an introduction to the importance of health and well-being, followed by a case study of a 75-year-old man named Fred, who exhibits symptoms of angina due to an unhealthy lifestyle. The report then defines angina, detailing its symptoms, causes, and types, including stable, unstable, and variant angina. It also discusses risk factors such as tobacco use, diabetes, high blood pressure, older age, and obesity. Furthermore, the report highlights various medical interventions and treatments recommended by a General Practitioner, including diagnostic tests such as ECG, stress tests, blood tests, CT scans, and MRIs, as well as medications like nitrates, aspirin, beta-blockers, statins, and calcium channel blockers. The report emphasizes the importance of lifestyle changes and medical interventions in managing angina and preventing major cardiovascular events.

Understanding
Physical Health
Conditions

INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Angina.........................................................................................................................................1
Medical intervention for treating angina.....................................................................................4
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being in order to live a
successful or healthy life. Every individual wanted to free from any health issues for enjoying
their life as per their rules and regulations. Therefore, it is essential to follow an appropriate
routine in order to control danger associated with physical, social and mental issues (Villano and
et. Al., 2013). Therefore, this project is going to highlight the problems related with heart stroke
with the help of suitable case and situation of old age person. Along with this, correct suggestion
of General Practitioner is also framed in the report for improving the condition of patient as well
as for controlling the probabilities of major stroke. Hence, whole project is circulated around the
understanding physical condition of an individual who is encountering a major health problem.
Angina
Health problems are inevitable in nature which might attacked the person anytime
without any alert or indication but somehow person is also responsible for their issues. For
example; eating unhealthy food which consists of heavy oil, spicy, drinking alcohol heavily,
improper routine, late night working and so on. Hence, it has been understood that half of the
disease are born due to the ineffective behaviour of a person itself.
According to the given case study, a person whose name is Fred is 75 year old and her
wife Mary is 73 are living happily in their privately owned bungalow. However, Fred was
worked in railway for 30 years and now retired from his service but her wife Mary is still
working in nearby supermarket just for social interaction. Both are living their life according to
their choice from which routine of Fred is really not acceptable and suitable for his age.
Basically, Fred always drink in night before going to sleep, smoke also from last 30 years and
went to pub for three times in a week in order to enjoy a party with all of his friends. Along with
this, he also eat unhealthy food at large extent that is also not suitable for his age (Al-Lamee and
et. Al., 2018). Hence, because of all this unusual routine he was recently been diagnosed from
cardio-vascular disease that was determine because of few episodes of angina. Although angina
is not consider as major disease but it is a sign of dangerous stroke that is not good for person
life. Basically, this problem is just an initial part of major issue which might create an episode of
heart attack also. It is essential to know about the angina for controlling it at prior stage only.
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Angina- It is also consider as angina pectoris, chest pain or pressure because of improper
flow of blood in the heart muscle. Basically, it occurs due to obstruction or spasm of coronary
arteries. Along with this, some other causes of this are; Anemia, abnormal heart rhythms and
failure of heart. Mainly, this term was derived from Latin word “angere (means to strangle) and
pectus (chest)” which than translated as “strangling feeling in chest”. However, it shows the
weak relationship between severity of pain and degree of oxygen removal into the muscles of
heart. It means, presence of little pain with minimum or no risk of myocardinal infarction i.e.
heart attack or this might occur without any pain. Although, in few cases angina might be quite
severe but at the initial stage of 20th century this was also consider as symptom of impending
death (Takagi and et. Al., 2013).
In simple words, it is a kind of chest pain caused because of blockage that create problem
in flowing of blood across the heart which is states as coronary artery disease. Along with this, it
also various problem for a person such as; tightness, heaviness, pressure, squeezing in the chest.
However, few people feels that weight of their heart get increased. Hence, some of the common
symptoms of this disease are-
 Pain in chest
 Feeling discomfort that means pressure or burning.
 Nausea
 Fatigue
 Shortness of breath.
 Sweating
 Dizziness
All these signs needs to be analysed the doctor immediately who can help in identifying
the type of angina that; stable angina or unstable in order to understand the possibilities of heart
attack.
Stable angina- It’s a very common form which mainly occurs at the time of exertion and
avoiding rest. For instance; walking uphill incurred pain in cold weather is known as angina.
Thus, some of the major characteristics of stable is discussed as follows-
 Occurs when the heart of an individual works harder or during exercising process and
climbing stairs too.
 Pain might be as similar type which occurred previously.
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 Remain for short time period such as; either for 15 minutes, five or less than that.
 Disappear immediately if a person is taking instant rest or might use medication of
angina.
Hence, it has been understood that severity and time of angina can vary from stable and
unstable. For example; any new or distinct type of sign is a signal of more dangerous type of
angina as well as consider as heart attack too. Some of the major characteristics of unstable
angina is-
 This problem is also incurred during rest time.
 If there is changes in regular pattern then it might consider as angina.
 Unexpected stroke.
 More serious as well as stay for maximum time period as compared to stable angina such
as; might for 30 minutes which is dangerous for normal human beings.
 Didn’t resolve from rest or usage of angina medication.
 It’s a sign of heart attack or major stroke.
Apart from these two, there are another type of angina is also identified named as variant
angina or Prinzmetal’s angina which is very rare. Basically, it appears due to spasm in heart
arteries of an individual which temporarily minimize the flow of blood (Danchin and et. Al.,
2011). Few essential characteristics of variant is described follows-
 Usually occurs at the time of rest.
 Is more serious as compared to other two.
 May or may not be relieved from angina medication.
On contrary to this, Angina in woman is little bit different because of distinct in few
symptoms such as-
 Nausea
 Shortness while breathing
 Pain in Abdominal
 Feeling discomfort in neck, jaw or back as well.
 Apart from chest pressure, women’s feel stabbing pain.
Hence, it has been analysed that Angina is occur because of reduction in blood flowing to
the heart muscle as blood carries oxygen which is really indispensable for the survival of heart
muscle. Thus, if heart muscle is not able to acquire enough oxygen then it causes a situation
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known as ischemia. However, number of reasons are identified which create angina problem for
normal human beings just like Fred and increased the risk of coronary artery disease that is
explained below-
 Tobacco use- chewing of tobacco, smoking and long term exposure damages the internal
walls of arteries. Moreover, allows depositing of cholesterol to gather and blockage of
blood flow.
 Diabetes- It’s a problem or inefficiency of body to produce much or to respond towards
insulin properly. Basically, insulin is a hormone that creates by pancreas and permits the
body for utilization of glucose which is a kind of sugar from foods. Hence, diabetes
maximize the uncertainty of coronary disease which resultant into angina and heart stroke
by maximizing the level of cholesterol (Vitale and et. Al., 2013).
 High blood pressure- It is identified by the amount of blood which pumps the heart and
the resistance of flowing blood into arteries.
 Older age- Men’s whose age are more than 45 and women more than 55 have
encountered a greater risk or uncertainty as compared to adults.
 Obesity – Heavy weight is also one of the major reason or risk which occurs angina and
heart disease problem because it is totally connected with high blood pressure cholesterol
levels.
By analysing all the above risk factors and elements which are playing major role in
emerging heart stroke are already identified in Fred as he smokes from last 30 years, he is
overweight person, old age and so many other issues are also present in him that create angina.
Therefore, he needs to take care of him by following some of the necessary medical intervention
as well as by reforming his regular routine (Khan and et. Al., 2017).
Medical intervention for treating angina
In the given scenario, Fred was recently diagnosed for cardio-vascular because of angina
which is a sign of major heart stroke and also signal of heart attack. Thus, General Practitioner of
Fred have suggested few major medical interventions for treating his angina and prescribed few
medicines. Initially, doctors are prescribed to conduct few major test before diagnosing the
angina such as; ECG (Electrocardiogram) as it helps in recording the electrical activity of heart
and helps specialist to control abnormalities. Apart from this, some other test which is ordered by
doctor is discussed as follows-
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 Stress test- This will aid doctor in reading the working of heart during normal time and
while exercising period.
 Blood tests- As per this test, specialist wanted to know about the certain enzymes such as
troponin which leak into blood after suffering of heart from angina or any other stroke. It
helps in determining the elevated cholesterol which places the person coronary artery on
higher risk.
 CT scan of chest- Most sensitive test as compared to X-Ray of chest because it helps in
identifying the reason behind chest pain such as; aortic disease or any presence of blood
clots in blood vessels of lungs.
 MRI- Main objective of this test is to determine whether there is a flow of pure blood to
heart muscle is available or not. Hence, if there is a region with decreased flow of blood
than it could indicate the plaque with narrowing blood vessel. Basically, this evaluation
process is done twice while examining. However, a machine of MRI uses strongest
magnetic field, radio waves and computer machinery that produce descriptive images
(Longmore and et. Al., 2011).
Instead of the entire above test there are some other additional tests are also prescribed by
doctor for analysing the condition of a person who is suffering from angina in order to give
suitable medicines to the patient. Thus, some of the essential medicines which are used for
curing angina are detailed follows-
 Nitrates – Helps in relaxing the blood vessels as well as widening in order permit proper
flow of blood in the heart muscle. This medicine is used by patient while feeling
discomfort in chest as well as before exertion such as; doing exercise.
 Aspirin- It supports in minimizing the ability of blood to form a clot by making it more
easier for the flowing of blood through a narrowed heart arteries. In fact, minimization of
clots automatically helps in controlling the probabilities of heart attack.
 Clot-preventing medicine- Clopidrogel, prasurgel, ticagrelor is helping in defending
creating clots. From these, one of the medicines is suggested by doctor if a patient is not
using aspirin.
 Beta-blockers- Also known as adrenaline and works for blocking the influence of
hormone epinephrine. It also supports in relaxation of vessels and opening for improving
the flow of blood and preventing angina.
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 Statins- It is prescribed by expertise for lowering the blood cholesterol.
 Calcium channel blockers- Main motive is to maximize the blood flow in the heart for
proper functioning of it.
 Lowering of blood pressure medications- Two main classes of tablets for treating blood
pressure; angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin receptor
blockers.
 Ranolazine (Ranexa)- This pill is used alone or with the drugs of angina such as;
calcium channel blockers, beta blockers as well as nitroglycerin.
Hence, it has been understood that all the above medicines are prescribed by doctors as a
medical intervention for treating cardio-vascular problem which is faced by Fred in his life due
to improper life style. In fact, he needs to change his lifestyle for getting rid with this heart
disease and must try to enjoy a healthy life without facing any major stroke. Although, person
who is having a symptom of heart attack or stroke automatically feel the fear of death and
realized the extent of pain that might he gone through while angina (Hajjaj and et. Al., 2010).
Additionally, there must be action plan for Fred for managing occasional symptoms of angina as
well as regular pattern too.
Occasional plan
Stop whatever you were doing, sit down, take rest for relaxing until and unless you didn’t feel
better. In fact, if you are using nitrate pill then use this as necessary instruction.
During the use of spray, persists for 5 minutes after taking initial dose.
If you are using nitrate medicine then you can have up to 2, then 5 minutes apart for reducing
the pain of angina.
After having of 2 doses, still there is no relieve then instantly take a 3rd one and immediately
call an ambulance.
Regular pattern
Some people get angina attack while doing few regular activities that is really predictable such
as;
 At the time of cold.
 During walking up on hills or stairs.
 During walk or chores.
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 While taking shower.
 During performing sexual activity.
Thus, they need to use immediately nitrate spray or pills few minute before attempting
these activities which create angina. But if you are facing this issue on regular basis then need to
consult doctor in order to take preventive treatment.
All the above interventions are prescribed and suggested by doctors and specialist which
must follow by Fred for controlling his major health issue that may act as a risky stroke too. On
the other hand, he needs to change his regular also for following all the above set activities in
order to get positive results. Therefore, an appropriate plan must requires to him as well as her
wife too due to old age people in order to control probabilities of life risk.
Timing Activity
6:00-6:30 AM Waking up
6:30-7:30 AM Morning outing for acquiring the freshness as well as to feel the beauty of
environment which helps in curing most of the disease.
7:30-8:00 AM Relax for few times.
8:00-9:00 AM Have healthy breakfast.
9:00- 10:00 AM Need rest
10:00-11:00 AM Do some activity as per your choice for body movement.
11:00-12:00 AM Prefer laughing programmes on television.
12:00-1:00 PM Feel relax.
1:00-2:00PM Have lunch free from unusual materials.
2:00-4:00 PM Take snap.
4:00-5:00 PM Enjoy tea on your balcony by seeing the outside view.
5:00-6:00 PM Meeting with friends for social interaction.
6:00-7:00 PM Relaxation.
7:00-9:00 PM Entertainment time or listen some news for knowledge.
9:00-10:00 PM Dinner.
After 10:00 PM Went to sleep.
This above management help Fred for minimizing his half of the disease by enjoying his
life in proper routine.
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CONCLUSION
From the above report, it has been understood that health development is really
indispensable for every individual who is only possible by the suitable management. In fact, it
essential for persons to live their life without having any bad habits that might affect your health
and create problem for you in living. In fact, whole assignment helps in understanding the reason
by which a single disease can create possibilities of heart attack. Therefore, careless behaviour is
necessary for controlling risk of any disease or health issue.
REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Villano, A and et. Al., 2013. Effects of ivabradine and ranolazine in patients with microvascular
angina pectoris. The American journal of cardiology, 112(1), pp.8-13.
Al-Lamee, R and et. Al., 2018. Percutaneous coronary intervention in stable angina (ORBITA): a
double-blind, randomised controlled trial. The Lancet, 391(10115), pp.31-40.
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Takagi, Y and et. Al., 2013. Prognostic stratification of patients with vasospastic angina: a
comprehensive clinical risk score developed by the Japanese Coronary Spasm
Association. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 62(13), pp.1144-1153.
Danchin, N and et. Al., 2011. Efficacy comparison of trimetazidine with therapeutic alternatives
in stable angina pectoris: a network meta-analysis. Cardiology, 120(2), pp.59-72.
Vitale, C and et. Al., 2013. Efficacy of trimetazidine on functional capacity in symptomatic
patients with stable exertional angina—the VASCO-angina study. International journal
of cardiology, 168(2), pp.1078-1081.
Khan, T.Z and et. Al., 2017. Apheresis as novel treatment for refractory angina with raised
lipoprotein (a): a randomized controlled cross-over trial. European heart journal, 38(20),
pp.1561-1569.
Longmore, R.B and et. Al., 2011. Angina frequency after myocardial infarction and quality of
life in older versus younger adults: the Prospective Registry Evaluating Myocardial
Infarction: Event and Recovery study. American heart journal, 161(3), pp.631-638.
Hajjaj, F.M and et. Al., 2010. Non-clinical influences on clinical decision-making: a major
challenge to evidence-based practice. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 103(5),
pp.178-187.
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