Plagiarism Report: Definition, Forms, Detection, and Recommendations

This report provides a comprehensive overview of plagiarism, a critical issue in academic and professional settings. It begins by defining plagiarism as the act of using others' work without proper attribution, encompassing various forms such as verbatim, mosaic, and self-plagiarism. The report details methods used to detect plagiarism, including software like Turnitin and iThenticate, and offers recommendations to avoid plagiarism, such as proper citation and referencing, using direct quotes appropriately, and obtaining permissions for copyrighted materials. It emphasizes the importance of academic integrity and provides a clear guide to understanding and avoiding plagiarism, ultimately promoting honest and ethical practices in documentation and publication. The report stresses the role of educators and authorities in raising awareness about plagiarism and the consequences of academic misconduct.

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02 Mar 2019
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Contents
Plagiarism...................................................................................................................................3
Scope of this report....................................................................................................................3
Different forms of plagiarism....................................................................................................4
Measures to detect plagiarism....................................................................................................5
Recommendation to avoid plagiarism........................................................................................5
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................7
References:.................................................................................................................................8
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Plagiarism
The act of copying words, ideas, writing without giving proper credit to the source or authors
is referred as plagiarism. In simpler words, using materials and pretending it to be one's own
work as a part of forgery, fraud, and piracy is known as plagiarism. Particularly in the
academics, this is considered to be a serious crime that violates the laws of copyright. In
conjunction to writing and editing activities especially related to medical and biomedical
field, using published information intellectual property including ideas, without permission
and giving credentials do the original source, thereby presenting them in form of new and
original creation, is define by the term plagiarism. In conjunction to the publication matters,
there also exist cases in which ideas not only from published materials but also from other
intellectual contents such as preparation for application, review materials, and reports were
used without giving proper reference to the source. To resolve the issue, the Committee on
Publication Ethics repaired regulation guidelines which defines plagiarism farthest object
materials in which the above-mentioned clauses are present. The type of materials include
publication ratings, report for review and planning and this material is used in both printed
and electronic forms (Chamon & Dantas, 2016).
Scope of this report
The present report is a reflective summary on the concept of plagiarism, applicable in various
fields. The discussion will start with definition of plagiarism according to various committees
and regulatory framework. In the next section, various forms of plagiarism will be elaborated.
Finally, the discussion on plagiarism will include the methods that are commonly used for
detection as well as recommended mechanism that could be used for avoiding plagiarism
related issues.
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Different forms of plagiarism
The mainframe principal of plagiarism is to provide proper credentials to the source from
where the contents or ideas were adopted. According to Juyal, Thawani & Thaledi (2015),
using the content from a previous publication or ideas from any source is not considered as a
crime unless the source is referenced or indexed in the document. The different forms of
issues that can be referred as plagiarism includes (Dhammi & Haq, 2016):
Verbatim and Mosaic- Verbatim refers to case when somebody is using others’ word or
published matters without acknowledging or giving a reference. On the other hand, using
others’ content with slight mixing of own word, while using ideas of the original source and
not giving credits to the authors is known as mosaic. In particular, these two type of
plagiarism were often found in the introduction as well as discussion section, in majority of
research and review related publications.
Self-plagiarism - It refers to the condition in which one is using own published data, in-and-
as a new form. Since duplicate publication does not contribute to the information record, it is
considered as a misconduct, especially in this scientific field. Furthermore, according to
Hinds (2019), duplicate publication - as described above, augmented publication - which
includes a new publication with modified results, segmented publication - where results are
published separately originating from a same piece of method, and text recycling - in which
all authors uses majority of portion from a previous publication, are also considered within
the scope of self-plagiarism.
Content paraphrasing - Using the ideas, results and perspectives from any publication in the
form of modified contents into one’s own words is also considered as a case of forgery or
misconduct. The reason is that modifying contents from any source does not transform one's
work into a new consideration, and hence is also considered as another type of plagiarism.
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Image copying - This refers to using image, internet contents, still from videos without
permission, authorization, or citation, is considered as plagiarism. Additionally, modifying
the image from any publication using software like Photoshop or Illustrator, also covers the
issue within the scope of image copying.
Infringement with copyright issues - According to Higgins, Lin, & Evans, (2016),
downloading content, copying section, translating any copyright material by downloading the
source from internet, and sharing books or other copyrighted material from electronic
medium, also falls within the scope of an unethical cyber practice. The unauthorized
attribution in this regard infringes the issues in conjunction to the intellectual property rights
and thus is considered within the scope of plagiarism.
Measures to detect plagiarism
The progress in information technology have enabled the measures to identify and detect
plagiarism. This is possible with the help of algorithm that searches strings of words and
matches them with the available literature in internet domain (Scully & Miles, 2017). Some
of these sources are available for public use, while a majority of the application can be
accessed using paid license. Some of the common examples of software that can detect
plagiarism include Turnitin, iThenticate software, UniCheck tool, and Grammarly. These
application can be used as standalone software as well as via web-based application.
Recommendation to avoid plagiarism
Based on the above discussion, the various forms of plagiarism as well as the measures to
detect them are learned. In particular, plagiarism is considered as one of the major offensive
issue which underestimate the credibility of original source of information. Following are
recommendation practices, which can help in avoiding plagiarism related issues (Lykkesfeldt,
2016; Luksanapruksa & Millhouse, 2016):
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 Information or idea collected from any source should be cited as a reference or
mentioned as footnotes.
 Use of direct quotes from any source is permissible, if used within quotations (for
example “text”) as well as cited properly.
 All the sources of information must be described explicitly as well as the original
content which contains intellectual property, must be acknowledged.
 The use of images or direct data from any source is appropriate, provided permission
or authorization has been taken from the publishers. Importantly, it should be
mentioned that the corresponding figures or tables are reproduced from the original
sources, in documents where they are used.
 Copyright materials must be transferred only with proper authorization.
According to Debnath (2016), crediting the authors as well as the publishers, is a matter of
high importance. Paying attention to these practices and using optimal standards in
documentation procedure is considered to be an honest and best practice. It is the role of
instructor and educator, to make the learners aware of the plagiarism issues and the scope
covered within. Other than this, the authority personal such as editors, must inform the
concerned authors about the plagiarism issue, if detected, while processing the contents.
Notably, there exists cases in which the plagiarism issue leads to rejection of the content,
analyze due to misconduct, and punished the authors according to the ethical regulations
(Adithan, & Surendiran, 2016). Thus, spreading awareness to avoid plagiarism as well as
providing education for best practices must be considered as one of the important learning
module in any institution, where documentation and publication is an integral part.
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Conclusion
In summary, the present report illustrate the concept of plagiarism. The discussion is based on
the situations and conditions which are referred as infringement, forgery and offensive issues
and are covered within the scope of plagiarism. It is learned that plagiarism discourages the
scientific intentions as well as reduces the credit of scholars involved in respective studies. In
addition to this, the report also recommend the practices with which such issues can be
avoided. Overall, it is the responsibility of instructors, authority personnels, as well as
scholars to pay attention about providing credibility to the authors of original informational
sources and thereby plagiarism can be easily avoided and application practice could be
honest.
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References:
Dhammi, I. K., & Haq, R. U. (2016). [Online] What is plagiarism and how to avoid
it?. Indian journal of orthopaedics, 50(6), 581. Available at:
http://www.ijoonline.com/article.asp?issn=0019-
5413;year=2016;volume=50;issue=6;spage=581;epage=583;aulast=Dhammi
[Accessed 02 May 2019]
Juyal, D., Thawani, V., & Thaledi, S. (2015). Plagiarism: an egregious form of
misconduct. North American journal of medical sciences, 7(2), 77.
Chamon, W., & Dantas, P. E. (2016). What is plagiarism after all?. Arquivos brasileiros de
oftalmologia, 79(2), V-VI.
Hinds, P. S. (2019). “How Many Recipes for Chocolate Cake Do We Need?” or When Does
Similarity Become Self-plagiarism?. Cancer Nursing, 42(1), 1-2. Available at:
https://journals.lww.com/cancernursingonline/Fulltext/2019/01000/_How_Many_Rec
ipes_for_Chocolate_Cake_Do_We_Need__.1.aspx [Accessed 02 May 2019]
Higgins, J. R., Lin, F. C., & Evans, J. P. (2016). Plagiarism in submitted manuscripts:
incidence, characteristics and optimization of screening—case study in a major
specialty medical journal. Research integrity and peer review, 1(1), 13.
Lykkesfeldt, J. (2016). Strategies for using plagiarism software in the screening of incoming
journal manuscripts: recommendations based on a recent literature survey. Basic &
clinical pharmacology & toxicology, 119(2), 161-164.
Luksanapruksa, P., & Millhouse, P. W. (2016). Guidelines on what constitutes plagiarism and
electronic tools to detect it. Clinical spine surgery, 29(3), 119-120.
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Assignment Name Student ID
Adithan, C., & Surendiran, A. (2017). Publishing Misconduct Including Plagiarism and
Permissions. In Writing and Publishing a Scientific Research Paper (pp. 177-188).
Springer, Singapore.
Scully, J. R., & Miles, S. (2017). CORROSION Helps Authors Ensure That Their
Manuscripts are Novel and Impactful: iThenticate. Corrosion, 73(4), 319. Available
at: https://www.corrosionjournal.org/doi/full/10.5006/2425 [Accessed 02 May 2019]
Debnath, J. (2016). Plagiarism: A silent epidemic in scientific writing–Reasons, recognition
and remedies. Medical Journal Armed Forces India, 72(2), 164-167.
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