EDUC7240: Research Paper on Planning and Instruction in Education

This report, prepared for the EDUC7240 course, investigates the critical relationship between planning and instruction for students experiencing learning difficulties in the middle years. It outlines essential steps teachers must take in planning their teaching, emphasizing the curriculum and pedagogical approaches tailored to these students' unique needs. The report analyzes how factors such as department policies, teacher beliefs, classroom settings, student abilities, prior learning experiences, and individual interests influence the curriculum and pedagogy employed. Drawing upon extensive literature, the paper provides a comprehensive understanding of effective strategies for supporting students with learning disabilities, including inclusive education practices, classroom environment adjustments, and the importance of considering student-specific needs and interests. The report concludes by highlighting the impact of these variables on pedagogy, advocating for non-discriminatory policies and innovative teaching strategies to enhance learning outcomes for all students.

Running head: MANAGEMENT
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Name of the student
Name of the university
Author note

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Introduction
The context of the learning difficulties refers to the number of disorders that tends to
impact the organization, the acquisition the understanding and the retention together with the
usage of the verbal and the nonverbal information. Learning disabilities affects the learning
among the individuals who tends to demonstrate the average abilities that are essential for the
thinking process and the process of the reasoning. According to Klingner, Vaughn and
Boardman (2015) the learning disabilities are distinct from the deficiency of the global
intellectual scheme. The context of the learning disability covers a wide range of the disabilities
and teds to vary significantly among the nature and the severity (Pritchard, 2017). These
category of the disabilities are often tend to be not so obvious and it is not known unless it is
being disclosed. The assignment highlights the case of the children or the students with learning
disabilities who might find it difficult to disclose their disability in their academic environment.
The thesis statement of the essay argues with the difficulties of the learning among the children
and the teaching strategies for the effective and easy earning pedagogy among the children.
Discussion
Teaching practices for children with learning disability
Individual students having learning disabilities tends to exhibit a wide range of the
variety of the difficulties that includes the issues and the challenges with the reading, the
language speaking the writing and the ability towards reasoning. Factors such as the
hyperactivity and the inattention is also associated with the learning disabilities (Bybee, Carlson-
Powell & Trowbridge, 2014). Factors such as the behavior, the co-ordination and the interactions
with the others might also get affected.

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Children having learning disabilities tends to have average and oboe average intelligence. She
might have certain disabilities n the setting of the classroom without the factors of the
appropriate accommodation and the support. Some of the teaching practice as per the curriculum
and the pedagogy approaches, some of the steps that the teacher needs to plan in their instruction
of the teaching are the following.
 It is the responsibility of the teacher to prayerfully present the well prepared lessons in a
variety of the wide range of forms that includes the audio, the print and the visual
resources.
 The teacher is responsible to provide the environment where the class members are
comfortable towards asking the questions regarding their doubts or the topics they do not
understand (Gillespie & Graham, 2014)
 It is important for the teachers to outline the schedule of the class and order of the events
for the timing of the class
 Introduction and the explanation regarding the vocabulary is an essential thing that the
teachers should do before each and every session together with reviewing of the new
words and the frequent information (Oxford, 2013).
 Redirection of the students in case of the inappropriate behavior and redirecting the
students towards the movement or the activity such as the part of the lesson.
The process of the decision making
The inclusive of the children with special requirements and the learning disabilities in the
education system in one of the integral part of the rights of the human together with the issue of
the equity (Entwistle & Ramsden, 2015). With the respect to the students with learning

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difficulties, it is important for the teacher’s to make certain references with the curriculum and
the pedagogy.
The system and the policies – It is important for the government to give the highest level of
priority for the improvement of their education system for enabling them for the inclusion of the
children regardless of the individual differences and the difficulties. According to Al Hosni
(2014) it is important for the teachers of the institution to adopt the principle of the inclusive
education regarding the law or the policy enrolling all the learners and the children in the regular
educational institutions unless there exist some of the other compelling reasons for doing the
otherwise. The training programs for the teachers who participate in the teaching program for the
students with learning disabilities needs to include the education of the disabled children and the
identification of the disabled children.
The belief regarding teaching and learning – As per the belief of the teaching of the students or
the learners with learning difficulties, there lies various of the methods that the teacher uses for
ensuring the effective and the productive environment of learn for the students with learning
disorders. According to the analysis by Ashman and Conway (2017) accessible educational
system is the procedure regarding the designing of the course and the development of the style of
the teaching for meeting the requirements of the children hailing from several of the
backgrounds.
As per the belief of the learning for the children with learning disability, some of the strategies
for effective learning techniques include establishment of the supportive relationship with the
student, inclusion of the encouragement and the praise as the part of the learning and the
experience of the teaching (Vaz et al., 2015).

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The classroom setting – Common classroom settings and condition tends to affect many of the
students suffering from learning disabilities. One of the most common form of the settings of the
classroom includes the offering of the alternative arrangements of the seating for supporting the
children with learning disabilities. Furthermore rearrangements of the layouts of the classroom
specifically in the regards with the furniture of the classroom helps the children (Hattie &
Anderman, 2013). Reduction of the level of the noise in the inclusive classroom setting scan
furthermore help the children. In case of the learners having cognitive and knowledge
developmental delay the use of the new and the innovative approaches for the better
understanding of the students like the objects, colors and pay activities are essential within the
settings of the inclusive classroom.
The abilities of student – The children having learning disabilities belong from a heterogeneous
group. These learners and the children are the diverse group of the individuals with the
exhibition of the potential difficulties in several of the areas (Ness, 2016). Abilities of the
children having the learning disability includes the attributes like impulsivity, hyperactivity,
disorders of the thinking and memory, academic difficulties and challenges, the issues and the
problems related to coordination and the disorders related to attention .
The previous experience of learning and prior knowledge – Some of the specific disabilities of
the learning includes the factors such as the dyscalculia, dysgraphia and dyslexia which can
furthermore make it difficult for the children towards the achievement of the results in the setting
of the traditional classroom. Some of the prior knowledge and the previous experience regarding
the learning disabilities among the children includes the facing of the constant struggle with the
reading, the writing and some of the other risk towards the development of the low self esteem
and untreated depression.

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Their interest – The parents of the children who have learning disabilities have tremendous
influence regarding the social success and the academic success. Some of the major interest that
needs to be identified by the teacher while implementing the effective pedagogical approaches to
the students include their learning and their adaptive habits. Furthermore the interest regarding
the passions, their habits and their behaviors in the school with their peers and the teachers are
some of the factors that needs to be considered by the teacher for the implementation of the
effective teaching techniques.
Impact of variables on pedagogy for students
The above stated variable having variety of impact or effect over the pedagogy for the
students or the learners having learning disabilities (Swanson, Harris & Graham, 2013). The
implementation of the effective policies for the government for the non discrimination of the
children with disabilities from the traditional mainstream school students in case of receiving of
their knowledge and education will be beneficial for hem in the long run. Furthermore improved
and the innovative strategies for the techniques of the teaching in the inclusive classroom settings
for the children having learner disabilities will enhance the ability of the learner to develop their
skills of understanding the earnings of the curriculum. In the context of the abilities, interest of
the students, the following of these factors will furthermore help the students to improve their
disabilities of learning and walk in the pathway of the future development in the upcoming years
of the middle and the higher education.
Literature Review
According to Geary (2013) learning disabilities are common and they effect about one
among several children in the America. The author in his article highlighted the fact that the

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result of the alteration and the differences in the structure of the brain the behavior and the focus
are the resultant of the learning disabilities among most of the children in the current era.
According to Ness (2016) some of the most relevant form of the learning disability that has been
found among the students belong from lower and the middle schooling are the dyslexia,
dyscalculia, dysgraphia. These are furthermore categorized under the auditory and the visual
processing disorder and the non verbal learning disorders. The author from the article
furthermore categorized some of the effective remedies and the measures that includes the
instruction at home and at the school which acts as the essential tool for the accommodation
towards the need of these students. Strategies like staging of the learning goals with materials,
using of the specific range of the languages, development of the scoring guides and the effective
communication for the development of a bond among the students are some of the main goals
that the teachers should consider while planning the move and the strategies toward the students
with learning disabilities.
Conclusion
Thus it can be concluded that learning disabilities affects the learning among the
individuals who tends to demonstrate the average abilities that are essential for the thinking
process and the process of the reasoning. It is important for the teachers of the institution to
adopt the principle of the inclusive education regarding the law or the policy enrolling all the
learners and the children in the regular educational institutions unless there exist some of the
other compelling reasons for doing the otherwise. The implementation of the effective policies
for the government for the non discrimination of the children with disabilities from the
traditional mainstream school students in case of receiving of their knowledge and education will
be beneficial for hem in the long run. Furthermore improved and the innovative strategies for the

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techniques of the teaching in the inclusive classroom settings for the children having learner
disabilities will enhance the ability of the learner to develop their skills of understanding the
earnings of the curriculum.

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Reference
Al Hosni, S. (2014). Speaking difficulties encountered by young EFL learners. International
Journal on Studies in English Language and Literature (IJSELL), 2(6), 22-30.
Ashman, A. F., & Conway, R. N. (2017). Cognitive strategies for special education: Process-
based instruction. Routledge.
Bybee, R. W., Carlson-Powell, J., & Trowbridge, L. W. (2014). Teaching secondary school
science: Strategies for developing scientific literacy. Pearson Education Limited.
Entwistle, N., & Ramsden, P. (2015). Understanding student learning (routledge revivals).
Routledge.
Geary, D. C. (2013). Early foundations for mathematics learning and their relations to learning
disabilities. Current directions in psychological science, 22(1), 23-27.
Gillespie, A., & Graham, S. (2014). A meta-analysis of writing interventions for students with
learning disabilities. Exceptional Children, 80(4), 454-473.
Hattie, J., & Anderman, E. M. (Eds.). (2013). International guide to student achievement.
Routledge.
Klingner, J. K., Vaughn, S., & Boardman, A. (2015). Teaching reading comprehension to
students with learning difficulties, 2/E. Guilford Publications.

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Ness, M. K. (2016). Reading comprehension strategies in secondary content area classrooms:
Teacher use of and attitudes towards reading comprehension instruction. Reading
Horizons, 49(2), 5.
Oxford, R. L. (2013). Teaching & researching: Language learning strategies. Routledge.
Pritchard, A. (2017). Ways of learning: Learning theories for the classroom. Routledge.
Swanson, H. L., Harris, K. R., & Graham, S. (Eds.). (2013). Handbook of learning disabilities.
Guilford press.
Vaz, S., Wilson, N., Falkmer, M., Sim, A., Scott, M., Cordier, R., & Falkmer, T. (2015). Factors
associated with primary school teachers’ attitudes towards the inclusion of students with
disabilities. PloS one, 10(8), e0137002.