Analyzing the Role of PMM in Boosting Project Success Rates

This report investigates the critical role of Project Management Methodologies (PMM) in enhancing project success rates across various industries. The study begins by introducing the significance of project managers and the importance of effective planning, risk management, and stakeholder engagement. It then explores various PMMs, including waterfall, agile, and hybrid methodologies, and their suitability based on project characteristics like scope, budget, and resources. The research aims to identify PMM selection criteria, evaluate the impact of PMM on project success, and examine the project manager's contribution to PMM selection. The methodology includes literature reviews and analysis to address research questions concerning PMM usage, challenge minimization, and the relationship between PMM selection and project outcomes. The report also considers hypothesis testing and ethical considerations. The analysis is structured to identify the most effective PMMs and how they can be utilized to improve project success rates, offering recommendations for project managers and stakeholders. The report also discusses the impact of PMM on project challenges, the role of PM in selecting PMM, and the criteria that should be considered before the selection of PMM. The report concludes by summarizing the findings, linking them to the research objectives, and suggesting areas for further study.

Running head: ROLE OF PMM TO INCREASE PROJECT SUCCESS RATES
Role of PMM to increase project success rates
[Name of Student]
[Name of University]

ROLE OF PMM TO INCREASE PROJECT SUCCESS RATES
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ROLE OF PMM TO INCREASE PROJECT SUCCESS RATES
Executive Summary

ROLE OF PMM TO INCREASE PROJECT SUCCESS RATES
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction........................................................................................................6
1.1. Introduction........................................................................................................6
1.2. Research Aim.....................................................................................................7
1.3. Research Objectives...........................................................................................7
1.4. Research Questions............................................................................................8
1.5. Hypothesis of the Research................................................................................9
1.6. Background of the Topic..................................................................................10
1.7. Rationale of Study............................................................................................11
1.8. Purpose of Study..............................................................................................11
1.9. Structure of the Study.............................................................................................12
1.10. Summary...............................................................................................................13
Chapter 2: Literature Review.............................................................................................14
2.1. Introduction.............................................................................................................14
2.2. Use of PMM to increase project success rate of different industries.....................15
2.3. Minimization of challenges using PMM............................................................19
2.4. Role of PMM to improve project success rate across various industries...............24
2.5. Relations between the selection of PMM and success rates of a project............28
2.6. PM play a significant role to select a PMM.......................................................29
2.7. Selection criteria of PMM..................................................................................30
2.8. Literature Gap.....................................................................................................31
Chapter 3: Research Methodology....................................................................................32
3.1. Introduction.............................................................................................................32
3.2. Method Outline.......................................................................................................32
3.3. Research Philosophy...............................................................................................32
3.4. Research Approach.................................................................................................32
3.5. Research Design.....................................................................................................32
3.6. Dc Process..............................................................................................................32
3.7. Data Analysis Techniques......................................................................................32
3.8. Ethical Consideration..............................................................................................32
3.9. Research Limitations..............................................................................................32
3.10. Time Schedule of Research..................................................................................32
3.11. Summary...............................................................................................................32

ROLE OF PMM TO INCREASE PROJECT SUCCESS RATES
Chapter 4: Data Analysis, Findings and Interpretation.....................................................33
4.1. Introduction.............................................................................................................33
4.2. Quantitative Analysis..............................................................................................33
4.3. Summary.................................................................................................................33
Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendations..................................................................34
5.1. Conclusions.............................................................................................................34
5.2. Linking with Objectives.........................................................................................34
5.3. Recommendations...................................................................................................34
5.4. Limitations of Study...............................................................................................34
5.5. Further Scope of Study...........................................................................................34
References..........................................................................................................................35

ROLE OF PMM TO INCREASE PROJECT SUCCESS RATES
Chapter 1: Introduction
The role of the project manager (PM) is very much significant for the successful
completion of any complex project (Meng and Boyd, 2017). Effective planning, workplace
management, project evaluation and creation of contingency plans for each of the identified risk
in a project are one of the prime responsibilities of a project manager as well (Simchi-Levi et al.,
2015). Maintaining the expected business value and managing the entire schedule of a project
right from the initiation phase to the completion phase is also among the notable (PMI, 2010).
1.1. Introduction
There are numerous factors which are found in most of the successful projects such as the
involvement of the team members of the project, getting the support from the management team
of the project, having clear statement of requirements, proper planning, and having realistic
expectations for each any every unit of a project (Azanha et al., 2017). Apart from these factors,
the other factors which might play a leading role in a complex project are open communication,
stronger project closure and smart planning(Pettit et al., 2018).
There are numerous categories of Project Management Methodologies (PPM) which are
used in complex projects in order to manage the complications and the challenges of complex
projects such as the waterfall methodology, Integrated Project Management, Critical Chain
Project Management, Critical Path Method, Scrum methodology, Hybrid methodology and Agile
methodology (Ellis, 2016). Selection of each of these methodologies depends upon the nature of
the project, resources involved in the project, time and cost related with the project (Holtzhausen
and de Klerk, 2018).

ROLE OF PMM TO INCREASE PROJECT SUCCESS RATES
1.2. Research Aim
The aspiration as well as the intention of this dissertation can be understood from this
section of the research paper. Formulation of the research aims is one of the most significant
aspects of this research paper. This research paper will aim to understand the role of PMM which
can increase the success rates of a project. The selection of the PMM depends hugely on the
focus of the project, involvement of the stakeholders involved in the project, flexibility of the
timeline, management of the budget allocated with the budget, management of the stakeholders
involved in the project, complexities related with the project and the availability of resources
involved in the project. Thus, this research shall aim to consider each of these challenges to
understand the role of each of the PMM which can be useful to increase the success rates of a
project. This research shall aim to evaluate and identify the challenges related with a project such
as the corporate problems, problems related with a project, addressing the communication issues
and managing the expectation from each of the team members of a project. Therefore, this
particular study aims at identifying PMM which can increase the success rates of projects across
various industries.
1.3. Research Objectives
The direction of the entire dissertation paper can be understood from this section of the
paper. All the wishes of the researcher from this dissertation paper shall be understood from this
segment of the paper as well, at the same time the overall expectation from this dissertation can
also be identified from this section of the paper.
Most of the previous researches have focused mainly on the selection of a PMM in a
particular project or an industry, those research papers focused on the challenges of the selection

ROLE OF PMM TO INCREASE PROJECT SUCCESS RATES
of the PMM in specific industries. However, the prime objective of this research paper is to focus
of different categories of industries and identify the role of PMM in a generalized modus. The
notable objectives of this dissertation are as followings:
 To identify the selection criteria of the PMM across a wide range of industries or
projects.
 To evaluate whether PMM plays a significant role to increase the project success
rate.
 To discuss the contribution of the PM to select a PMM in a complex project.
 To recommend the ways by which project success rate can be enhanced.
1.4. Research Questions
Most of the answerable queries of a project can be understood from the research
questions which will be selected in this segment of the paper. It is one of the most significant
initial steps in a dissertation paper after having an idea about the expected achievements from
this dissertation. There are diverse categories of research questions which are considered in
research papers such as the casual questions, relational questions and descriptive questions. The
selection of the exact research questions depends upon the perspective of the researcher.
This dissertation paper shall be considering the causal research questions as it can be very
much useful to determine where one or more than one variable have an effect on the outcome
variables. Comparison between the variables is one of the most significant reasons behind the
selection of this type of research questions. The research questions of this dissertation are as
followings:

ROLE OF PMM TO INCREASE PROJECT SUCCESS RATES
 What are the PMM which are used in most of the industries to increase the success rates
of a project?
 How the impact of the numerous challenges in a project can be minimized due to the
selection of a PMM?
 To what extent the selection of PMM is significant to improve the project success rate
across different types of industries?
 What are the relations between the selection of PMM and success rates of a project?
 How can the PM play a significant role to select a PMM in a complex project?
 Which criteria have to be considered before the selection of PMM?
1.5. Hypothesis of the Research
Most of the testable propositions of a research can be understood in an organized modus
with the help of the hypothesis. The predictive statements of a research can be understood and
analyzed with the help of the hypothesis as well. The differences between the two variables of a
project can be understood with the help of the hypothesis as well. Each of the research questions
shall be considered while writing the hypothesis of this dissertation. There are two different
types of hypothesis which are considered in dissertation paper such as the null hypothesis and
alternative hypothesis.
Null hypothesis can be defined as the type of hypothesis where there are no real
differences between the specified populations. Alterative Hypothesis can be defined as the type
of hypothesis which helps in analyzing the relationship between two variables in a project or a
scenario. Null hypothesis is denoted by H0 and Alternate hypothesis H1.

ROLE OF PMM TO INCREASE PROJECT SUCCESS RATES
(Alterative Hypothesis)H1: Role of PMM can have a significant impact to increase the
project success rates.
(Null Hypothesis) H0: Role of PMM has no impact on the success rate of a project.
1.6. Background of the Topic
The methods which are used in complex projects keep on changing every moment due to
factors such as the availability of the resources (Srivastava, Bhardwaj and Saraswat, 2017). Some
of the major reasons behind the failure of a project are inappropriate selection of PMM and the
unavailability of resources (Špundak, 2014). The role of the PM is very much significant for the
successful completion of a project and selecting the appropriate PMM is also one of the prime
responsibilities of the PM(Rezvani et al., 2016). As discussed by (Hughey, 2017), an organized
structure can be maintained among the project team members with the help of PMM.
PPM can be defined as the type of practice or techniques which are very much useful not
only to maintain discipline in a project but also to manage each phase of a project in an
organized modus (Rasnacis and Berzisa, 2016b). The timeline and the scheduling issues can be
resolved with the help of the selection of an appropriate PMM 02(Pinedo, 2016). The tools and
techniques which are required for the successful completion of a project can be selected with the
help PMM as well. Cost management in each phase of the project is one of the huge sources of
concern for most of the PMs all around the world which can be addressed if an appropriate PMM
is selected in a project (Project Management Institute, 2017). At the same time, it can also be
said that there are numerous risks involved in most of the projects like the managing the
performance of each of the team members, these risks can be managed and identified if an
effective PMM is selected (Cristóbal, 2017). Maintaining the cost benefit relationship of the

ROLE OF PMM TO INCREASE PROJECT SUCCESS RATES
resources involved in a project is one of the other major contributions of a methodology in a
complex project(Cellini and Kee, 2015). The selection of an appropriate PMM can also be very
much useful to improve the skill of the team members of a project.
1.7. Rationale of Study
The reason behind the conduction of this dissertation can be understood in the first place
with the help of this dissertation paper. This dissertation shall also provide a detailed knowledge
about the significance of the role of PMM which can increase the success rate of a project (Joslin
and Müller, 2016). Wrong selection of methodology can have a huge impact on the procedures
of a business; numerous issues might get cropped up due to wrong selection of PMM such as the
cost management issues (Smith, 2016). The entire planning of a project might get disrupted due
to the selection of the wrong PMM. Thus, it is very much important to understand the
significance of selecting appropriate PMM as it can deal with the disruptions of a project such as
lack of resources and ineffective PM practices (Jepsen and Eskerod, 2009). This dissertation
paper will be very much useful to identify the role and the effectiveness of the PM
methodologies which can be beneficial for the successful completion of any project.
1.8. Purpose of Study
Identification of the goal and the concept is one of the prime purposes of this dissertation
paper. The variables of this project can also be understood from this section of the paper. The
entire population whose help will be taken can also be understood with the help of this section of
the paper(Лифшиц and Lifshits, 2017). Most of the significant reasons behind the failure of the
project are poorly defined scope, inadequate risk management, identification of the key

ROLE OF PMM TO INCREASE PROJECT SUCCESS RATES
assumptions, lack of experience and training. Each of these challenges can be addressed in the
first place with the help of the selection of PMM.
1.9. Structure of the Study
Chapter 1: Introduction: The topic which is selected in this dissertation paper is
introduced in this chapter of the dissertation. The reason behind the selection of the topic along
with the variables involved in this project was described in a detailed manner in this chapter.
This chapter also introduces the research questions and the objectives of the research in an
organized manner.
Chapter 2: Literature Review: Past theories and concepts from peer reviewed journals
are reviewed and written in this chapter. This chapter is also very much significant to understand
the opinion of the scholars who have stated their opinion about the selected topic of this
dissertation. Gap in the literature shall also be analyzed in this chapter.
Chapter 3: Research Methodology: This is third chapter of this dissertation will be
introducing and justifying the dc (dc) procedure and the sampling which will be considered in
this research. The ethical issues as well as the limitations of the research shall also be introduced
in this section of this dissertation.
Chapter 4: Data Analysis and Interpretation: The collected data will be analyzed with
the help of statistical software to get the in-depth analysis. The validity of the hypothesis shall be
determined with the help of this chapter of the dissertation.
Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendations: The data which are analyzed in the
earlier section of the paper shall be linked with the objectives of the research will is introduced in

ROLE OF PMM TO INCREASE PROJECT SUCCESS RATES
the first chapter of this dissertation. Based on the conclusion, recommendations have to be
developed based on the results of the previous chapter.
1.10. Summary
There are diverse categories of disruptions related with complex projects such as
managing the resources involved in the project. These disruptions can have a direct impact on the
success rates of the projects (Kerzner, 2017). In order to deal with the disruptions of complex
projects, selection of the exact PMM is very much required. Thus, this chapter was very much
useful to identify the aims, objectives as well as the research questions of this dissertation along
with the structure of the other chapters of this dissertation. The ensuing chapter of this
dissertation shall be evaluating statement and discussions of scholars and researchers of peer
reviewed articles who has stated their opinion about the selected topic of this research.

ROLE OF PMM TO INCREASE PROJECT SUCCESS RATES
Chapter 2: Literature Review
It is one of the most significant chapters of this dissertation and it will be conducting a
survey of scholarly resources in terms of the peer reviewed articles. Most of the related
discussions of each of the selected articles shall be introduced and analyzed in this chapter of this
dissertation.
2.1. Introduction
As discussed by Rasnacis and Berzisa, (2016), PMM can be defined as the set of
principles or a set of guidelines which are very much helpful for the PMs of a project to deal
with the numerous challenges of a project such as the allocation of activities to the members,
identify the deliverables required in the project, addressing challenges such as time and cost
management, and accountability issues. Most of the changes in the scope of a project can be
measured and administered with the help of a PMM (Conforto et al., 2016).
The challenges of a complicated project includes deprivation of resources, creation of
the contingency plans for each of the identified risks, management of each of the
stakeholders who are actively involved in the project and managing the dynamic expectations of
the consumers of a project (Franková, Drahošová and Balco, 2016). At the same time, there are
other challenges in a complex project as well in terms of the keeping the members in a same
page, addressing the objectives and the goals of a project, selection of the appropriate
technologies which usually plays an important role in the project, addressing the insufficient skill
of the team members, dealing with the communication issues of the members and selection of
PM tools. Each of these challenges can have a huge impact on the outcome of a project, at the
same time it can also be said that the success as well as the failure of a project sometimes

ROLE OF PMM TO INCREASE PROJECT SUCCESS RATES
depends of the procedure by which each of these challenges are addressed by the PM(Terlizzi,
Meirelles and de Moraes, 2016).
The success factors of a project are the intelligence of the members who are actively
involved in the project, comprehensive planning required completing each phase of a project,
open communication among each of the stakeholders involved in the project, selection of proper
risk management strategy and stronger project closure procedure.
The factors responsible for the failure of a project are lack of scope document,
inconsistent communication, poor planning, setting the unrealistic expectations,
incompetency of the members, lack of cohesion, poor monitoring procedure of the project,
and selection of ineffective risk management (Cuppen et al., 2016). There is other several
other reasons behind a failure of a project such as the identification of the key assumptions of a
project, lack of experience of the members of a project, and managing the leadership capabilities
of the PM of a project (Rasnacis and Berzisa, 2016a).
Apart from these factors, there are several other factors which affect the outcome of a
project such as the demand, supply and price of the end product of the projects. Lack of aim
and objectives prior to the start of a project is one of the other significant factors related with the
successful completion of a project (Padalkar and Gopinath, 2016). Thus, the above discussion
introduces the factors which might play a huge role for the successful completion of a project. It
can be identified that the selection of an appropriate PMM can be very much useful to increase
the success rate of the projects.

ROLE OF PMM TO INCREASE PROJECT SUCCESS RATES
2.2. Use of PMM to increase project success rate of different industries
As discussed by Orouji (2016), most of the healthcare industries uses either Agile or
Waterfall methodology in order to enhance the success rates of their complicated projects. The
investigator of this research identified those projects in the healthcare industries such as the
introduction of healthcare technologies must be conducted using agile methodology. The
researchers highlighted that most of the pragmatic approaches which are taken the healthcare
industries are taken on the basis of the selection of the PMM (Lu, Won and Cheng, 2016). The
researchers of this paper provided an in-depth discussion about the advantages of using agile to
improve the success rates of the projects of healthcare industries in terms of its ability to satisfy
the consumers of this industry by producing useful software on regular intervals (Müller and
Turner, 2007). People and the interaction required in this industry are well supported by this
methodology as per the researchers of this journal (Ben Mahmoud-Jouini, Midler and Silberzahn,
2016). The researchers highlighted that simpler predictability and stakeholder engagement
are the prime contribution of this methodology to enhance the success rates of the projects
(Scarpellini, Valero-Gil and Portillo-Tarragona, 2016). The researchers also highlighted that
business value of the healthcare projects can be enhanced using this methodology as well.
Thus, this journal was very much useful top identify the usefulness of agile across the healthcare
industries.
On, the other hand, as described by Chung and Crawford (2016), most of the IT
organizations who creates new products and software uses the waterfall methodology
(Rochegova and Barchugova, 2016). The researchers of this journal helped in understanding that
this methodology is very much useful for both the designers as well as the developers to create
their plan of action to complete the IT projects. The iterative delivery of the products is well

ROLE OF PMM TO INCREASE PROJECT SUCCESS RATES
supported by this methodology (Simchi-Levi et al., 2015). Both the short term as well as the long
term delivery cycles of the software development process can be managed using waterfall
methodology (Koops et al., 2016). The researchers highlighted that managerial control is
required in most of the IT projects which are supported by this methodology. Thus, this journal
was very much beneficial to understand the significance of waterfall which can improve the
success rates of the software development projects.
However, as deliberated by Koops et al. (2016), most of the construction industries all
over the world uses PRINCE 2 methodology to address the challenges faced by the onsite
engineers. The researchers of this research helped in understanding that most of the challenges of
the construction industries such as the selection of the resources who usually plays an important
role to increase the project success rates and the selection of the construction technologies (van
der Hoorn, 2016). Each phase of the construction projects such as the planning phase and
execution phase can be managed in an organized manner with the help of this methodology. The
researchers of this paper helped in understanding that most of the product based approach
required in the construction industries can be managed using PRINCE 2(Rola, Kuchta and
Kopczyk, 2016). The communication issues of the stakeholders of the construction industries
such as the suppliers and the site engineers can get resolved using this methodology; as a result
the changes of the success of a project is also improved due to this methodology as per the
discussion of the researchers of this journal.
But, as instructed by Muszynska (2016), most of the manufacturing industries around
the world use the either Lean PM or Kanban methodology to increase their project success rates.
The researcher of this journal helped in understanding that there are numerous challenges in the

ROLE OF PMM TO INCREASE PROJECT SUCCESS RATES
manufacturing industries such as managing the business data from the security threats,
shortage of labors, management of the IT technologies, maintaining the appropriate
inventory levels and address the challenges of automation and change procedures.
Challenges in terms of productivity among the team members and lack of technology can be
addressed with the help of the Lean methodology (Isaac, Bock and Stoliar, 2016). The
researchers highlighted that success rates of the manufacturing projects is improved if this
methodology is selected, the researchers stated that the flexibility of the resources can be
improved using this methodology (Joslin and Müller, 2015). Elimination of the defects in an
organized manner and improvements of the staff morale are the other reasons behind the
selection of this methodology in the manufacturing industries.
On the other hand, as elaborated by Serrador and Pinto (2015), Kanban is one of the
most widely used PMM used in the IT industries all around the world. The researchers of this
journal provided an in-depth discussion about the usefulness of this PMM while addressing the
challenges of IT industries such as the cloud security challenges, data security issues and
interoperability issues (Kaiser, El Arbi and Ahlemann, 2015). The flexibility required in most
of the IT projects is supported from this methodology; challenges of the IT projects can be
resolved in the first place with the help of Kanban as well (Costantino, Di Gravio and Nonino,
2015). The researchers of this article helped in understanding that the ability of the members can
be addressed in the first place with the help of this methodology. The efficiency which is
required from each of the stakeholders of the IT projects can be enhanced in the first place with
the help of this methodology (Willems and Vanhoucke, 2015). Thus, this journal was very much
useful as it helped in identifying how complex projects of the IT industries are solved using this
methodology.

ROLE OF PMM TO INCREASE PROJECT SUCCESS RATES
According to Calvo-Mora, Navarro-García and Periañez-Cristobal, (2015), strategic
planners of the telecommunication industry uses mostly the PMBOK guide to deal the
challenges such as dealing with the dynamic expectations of the consumers and dealing with the
challenges of new technologies. The researchers of this paper help in understanding that there are
numerous challenges in telecommunication industry such as maintaining the privacy and security
of the products, dealing of emerging technologies, and development of 5G (Ziek and Anderson,
2015). The researchers highlighted that most of the challenges of the tele-communication can be
addressed in the first place using the PMBOK guide.
2.3. Minimization of challenges using PMM
According to Adi (2015), visibility of a project can be enhanced in the first place with
the help of the PMMs. The researchers of this paper helped in understanding that most of the
daily practices of the team members of a project can be monitored if an appropriate PMM is
selected for a project Parker, Parsons and Isharyanto, (2015). At the same time, most of the
complications of a project in terms of managing the schedule of a project can be reviewed if a
proper PMM is deployed in the project (Eigbe, Sauser and Felder, 2015). Maintaining the
accountable issues is one of the prime concerns of a project which can be addressed in the first
place with the help of a PMM as well (Kassem et al., 2015) . The researchers of this journal
mentioned that project expectations can be identified and addressed in the first place with the
help of a PMM such as agile and waterfall.
On the other hand, as described by Galvan et al. (2015), decision making is one of the
most significant success criteria of any complex projects and the selection of a PMM is very
much useful in the decision making procedure of a project. The researchers of this journal helped

ROLE OF PMM TO INCREASE PROJECT SUCCESS RATES
in highlighting that problem solving ability of the project managers can be enhanced with the
help of the PMM (Miklosik, 2015). The paper also highlighted that there are numerous
confusions related with the selection of technologies in a complex project which can also be
addressed using a PMM. Thus, the researchers indicated that the quality of a project can be
increased if an appropriate PMM is selected by the project manager.
Miklosik (2015) highlighted that commitment of the resources of a project can be
enhanced in the first pace with the help of a PMM. The researchers stated that the significance of
the quality assurance tests in the complex projects can be understood in the first place with the
help of a PMM. Focusing on each of the stakeholders of a project can be improved due to the
selection of a PMM as per the statements and the concepts explained by the researchers of this
journal (Karaman and Kurt, 2015). The researchers of this paper provided an in-depth discussion
about the role of a moderator which improves can play an important role to identify the
outcome of a project.

ROLE OF PMM TO INCREASE PROJECT SUCCESS RATES
Figure 1: Role of moderator to find the outcome
(Source: Rasnacis and Berzisa 2016)
The researchers of this journal conducted a prime dc procedure using a cross sectional
questionnaire and responses was taken from people of 41 different countries. Participants of this
survey were from different continents like Asia, Europe, and North America and annova analysis
was considered to analyze those data. Each of those participants stated their opinion about the
role of the different types of PMM which can increase the success rates of the projects
(Cunningham, Salomone and Wielgus, 2015). The results which can be concluded from the
survey is illustrated in the below pictorial illustration.

ROLE OF PMM TO INCREASE PROJECT SUCCESS RATES
Figure 2: Relationship of project success and PMM
(Source: Behera, Mohanty and Prakash, 2015)
The researchers of this journal mentioned that complexities of a project can be minimized
using a PMM, this statement was provided by the researcher on the basis of the results which
was obtained after collected data was analyzed using the hierarchical regression analysis. The
researchers stated that there is a direct relationship between PMM and project success is
moderated by project governance (Nicholls, Lewis and Eschenbach, 2015). The dependent
variable of this analysis is project success whereas the independent variable is the diverse
categories of PPM (Behera, Mohanty and Prakash, 2015). The significance level of this
calculation was 0.05. The co-relation among these two variables can be understood in a better
modus with the help of the pictorial illustration.

ROLE OF PMM TO INCREASE PROJECT SUCCESS RATES
Figure 3: Correlation matrix
(Source: Sirisomboonsuk et al. 2018)
On the other hand, as mentioned by Aubry (2015), system dynamics play a huge role to
improve the success rates of the projects. The researchers of this article discussed about the
general issues which are faced in a project which can be resolved using PMM. The researchers
acknowledged that issues like delay and cost estimation have a huge impact on the success
rates of complicated projects, at the same time this research paper have also discussed that the
impact of each of these issues can be minimized using PMM (Tomanek and Juricek 2015). There
are different factors which plays a huge role in the success and failure of projects such as
creation of the progress reports by the PM, managing the training schedules to improve the skill
set of the resources involved in a project, forecasting the completion date of the projects,
addressing the reworks of a project, addressing the flaws of a project, and managing the

ROLE OF PMM TO INCREASE PROJECT SUCCESS RATES
labors involved in the project (Sirisomboonsuk et al. 2018). The most significant interacted
project risks as per the discussion of the researcher can be understood from the following
feedback loop illustration.
Figure 4: Feedback loop diagram
(Source: International Project Management Association 2015)
As mentioned by Chmielarz, (2015), there are diverse categories of critical success
factors which are involved in most of the complex projects such as the creation of the
contingency plans, identifying the priorities of a projects, identifying the milestones of the
project, managing the budget of the project, authorization of the project, communication
issues, team interactions, managing a professional work culture, reporting issues and
ownership issues. Each of these success factors are directly influenced by the selection of the
PMM (Chmielarz, 2015). Each of these success factors can be maintained using PMM. The
researchers of this journal highlighted that the different challenges of a project such as delay in

ROLE OF PMM TO INCREASE PROJECT SUCCESS RATES
schedule can have a direct impact on the success of the project and each of the above success
factors have to be considered while selecting the appropriate methodology for a project
(Hornstein, 2015). Thus, this journal was very much informative as it provided a detailed
knowledge about the success factors which has to be considered while selecting a PMM which
can deal with the challenges of a project.
2.4. Role of PMM to improve project success rate across various industries
As discussed by Todorović et al. (2015), success rate of the projects of different
industries like the automobile industry and construction industry depends huge on the tools and
techniques which are used by the team members. The researchers of this journal mentioned that
the procedure of the selection of tools and technologies required in a project can be done with the
help of PMM (Project Management Institute, 2015). The researchers highlighted that the fault
tolerance of a project has to be identified in most of the critical construction projects and PMM
such as agile may play a huge role to identify the fault tolerance.
On the other hand, as described by Kostalova, Tetrevova and Svedik (2015), most of the
IT projects required modification after each phase has been completed and each of these
modifications is supported by agile PMM. The researchers of this journal highlighted that most
of the quick adaptations required in the IT projects are supported by the agile PMM. The
selection of agile can be very much useful to improve the success rates of the IT projects as it
can break the longer modules of a project into smaller fragments (Klein, Biesenthal and Dehlin,
2015). The feedback collection method is very much significant to maintain the success rate in
most of the IT projects and the entire feedback collection method is well supported by agile
PMM.

ROLE OF PMM TO INCREASE PROJECT SUCCESS RATES
As discussed by Portny (2015), project success rates can be enhanced using the diverse
categories of PMMs like agile and waterfall. The researchers of this paper highlighted that the
priorities of the projects of construction industries are very much different from the IT industries
and PMM can play a huge role to deal with the priorities of each of the industries. On the other
hand, as elaborated by Serrador and Pinto (2015), the average percentage of the failed projects
is 14 in the year 2016. The researchers of this journal mentioned that success rates of the IT
projects have increased due to the application of agile PMM. The researchers of this paper
provided an in-depth discussion that most of the construction projects get completed in time if
PRINCE 2 methodology is considered (Stettina and Hörz, 2015). The researchers of this paper
helped in understanding that the success rates of the projects get improved if agile PMM is
selected by the PM. The below pictorial illustration is very much useful to identify the
contribution of PMM in most of the successful projects.
Figure 5: Contribution of PMM
Source: (Sánchez 2015)

ROLE OF PMM TO INCREASE PROJECT SUCCESS RATES
This journal helped in understanding the role of the PMM which play an important role to
manage large and complex IS projects. The journal stated that both the private sector
industries and the public sector industries simplify the complications of a project using the
PMM. The researcher stated that PMM must be selected on (Serrador and Turner, 2015)he basis
of the changing business environment of different industries.
As described by Serrador and Turner (2015), there are diverse categories of challenges
related with most of the industries such as the healthcare industries and telecommunication
industries such as the economic downturn, recession and business conflicts. Empirical analysis
was provided by the researchers of this paper which stated the benefits and the supports which
are enjoyed by most of the projects managers of complicated project, description of the findings
of the analysis is represented in the following illustration.
Figure 6: Support from PM and PPM
(Source: de Carvalho, Patah and de Souza Bido 2015)

ROLE OF PMM TO INCREASE PROJECT SUCCESS RATES
Better addressing issues such as risk quality and change is one of the prime benefits of
PMMs like PRINCE2. Out of the 13 participants of the survey 3 of them beloved that control and
monitoring of the project can be done in an organized manner with the help of the PMMs like
PRINCE 2 (Serra and Kunc 2015). Two participants believe that the standardization procedure of
a project can be enhanced in the first place with the help of this methodology. Most of the
insurance policies of different industries are managed using the PRINCE 2 methodology as well
(Berssaneti and Carvalho, 2015). On the other hand, 4 of the participants believe that there are no
real advantages of using PRINCE 2 to meet the expectation of the consumers of the industries.
As discussed by Mok, Shen and Yang (2015), experience and the accountability issues
of the commercial establishments from different sectors such as the automobile industry can be
resolved in the first place using the PMM. The researchers highlighted that the uncertainties of
the production in each and every industry can be minimized with the help of PMM (Szymański
2017). The researchers also stated that that every complex project must be having the support
from the management team or the steering committee, PMM can be very much useful for the PM
to get the support of the management team of a project to get the additional investments in the
middle of a project.
2.5. Relations between the selection of PMM and success rates of a project
As described by Berssaneti and Carvalho (2015), success rate of a complex project
depends hugely on the selection of PMMs such as agile and PMBOK. The researchers of this
paper highlighted the significance of the selecting appropriate PMM which can ensure success in
a project (van der Hoorn, 2016). The researchers mentioned that PMM must be selected on the

ROLE OF PMM TO INCREASE PROJECT SUCCESS RATES
basis of the focus of the project, stakeholder and customer involvement are the other selection
criteria of PMM.
On the other hand, as cited by (Badewi and Shehab, 2016), most of the critical factors of
a project such as the getting the supporting of the management team of a project, setting of
realistic objectives, user client involvement, selection of the change management plan,
understanding the competency of the PM, and management of the allocated resources are
also supported by PMMs. The researcher of this journal helped in understanding that organizing
project times is one of the prime objectives of a PMM (Riis, Hellström and Wikström, 2019).
Most of the estimation techniques which are used in complex projects are evaluated using PMM
as per the discussions of this journal.
However, as mentioned by van der Hoorn (2016), availability of resources is one of the
most significant factor which must be selected by PM to select an appropriate PMM in a
complex project. The nature of the industry and flexibility of timelines are the other selection
criteria of PMM as per the researchers of this journal (Project Management Institute 2016). The
research stated that the number of teams working in a project and complexity of the projects
are also considered by the project managers before selecting a PMM in a project. Based on the
discussion of (Badewi 2016), it can be said that the selection of appropriate PMM can be very
much beneficial to enhance the success rates of a project.

ROLE OF PMM TO INCREASE PROJECT SUCCESS RATES
Figure 7: Impact of PMM on project success rate
(Source: Padalkar and Gopinath, 2016)
The researcher of this journal helped in identifying that success of a project depends upon
the comprehensive methodologies and supplemented methodologies. Old and new elements
can be added due to the selection of an appropriate PMM. The researchers of this article thus,
helped in understanding that PMM plays a huge role to ensure the success of a project (Müller,
Drouin and Sankaran, 2019). Lowering the cost of the projects depends upon the selection of a
PMM, at the same time, as per the discussions of this researcher it can be said that duplicated
efforts of the project resources can be minimized with the help of a PMM (Lappi, Aaltonen and
Kujala, 2019). Decision making procedure of the team members can also be improved using a

ROLE OF PMM TO INCREASE PROJECT SUCCESS RATES
PMM, numerous value added efforts required from the resources can also be identified using a
PMM. Thus, this journal helped in understanding that PMM plays a huge role to improve the
project success rates across numerous industries.
2.6. PM play a significant role to select a PMM
As debated by (Calvo-Mora, Navarro-García and Periañez-Cristobal, 2015), the role of a
PM is very much significant for the success completion of a complex projects. The researcher of
this journal highlighted that selection of an appropriate PPM is one of the notable responsibilities
of a PM. The article emphasized that the entire planning of the project must be done after the
selection of a PMM (Project Management Institute 2016). PM must be analyzing the conditions
of the project such as the resources available to work on the project and time required to
complete the project. Resource planning is the other responsibility of the PMs of complicated
projects as per the discussions of the researcher.
On the other hand, as argued by Andersen (2016), economic feasibility of the project is
conducted by the PMs before the selection of an appropriate PMM such as cost benefit analysis,
net present value, scoring models, calculation of Internal Rate of Return and Opportunity
Cost. Each of this feasibility analysis is very much significant for the project managers to
understand the success rate of the project (Alam and Gühl, 2016). This journal also mentioned
that project governance and project success are also very much related with each other.

ROLE OF PMM TO INCREASE PROJECT SUCCESS RATES
Figure 8: Impact of PMM
(Source: Badewi and Shehab, 2016)
Based on the above figure, it can be said the elements of the PMM is directly related with
the both project governance and project success (Derakhshan, Turner and Mancini 2019). The
researcher of this paper also helped in understanding that experience of using a PM framework
is one of the most significant success criteria of the complicated projects, the researchers
highlighted that variations in a project has to be supported by the PMMs such as the agile so that
the success of the project can be enjoyed by both the consumers as well as by the strategic
planners of the project.
Risk identification is the primary step of the PM before selecting a PMM in a complex
project as per the discussions of this researcher; the researcher added that each phase of a project
has to be analyzed in an organized manner before the selection of a PMM (Butt, Naaranoja and

ROLE OF PMM TO INCREASE PROJECT SUCCESS RATES
Savolainen 2016).The researchers also added that the progress of the projects must be understood
with the help of the selected PMM.
The researchers of this journal provided description of few case studies where PMM is
selected on the basis of the work experience of the PMs (Gomes and Romão 2016). In the first
case, the both the PM as well as the members do not have any sort of knowledge about
alternative PMM.
2.7. Selection criteria of PMM
As conversed by Zwikael (2016), selection of the appropriate PMM is one of the prime
responsibilities of the PM of an industry. The researchers of this journal highlighted that forward
thinking managers are very much significant to select an appropriate PMM in a complex project.
This journal provided a detailed justification of the overall responsibility of the project managers
in a complex project in terms of the selection of the PMM in a project (Padalkar and Gopinath,
2016). The journal highlighted that there are diverse categories of factors which are considered
by PM before selecting the exact PMM in a project such as the time period and resources
involved in the project.
However, as discussed by Sohi et al. (2016), team values and business value are the
most significant selection criteria of a PMM in a complex project. The researchers of this
resource mentioned that PM must be understanding the scalability of the project before
selecting a PMM, at the same time the researcher also stated that issues like internal rigidity is
one of the most significant selection criteria of a PMM in a complex project.
Even though, as discussed by (Badewi and Shehab, 2016), SWOT analysis of the project
must be conducted by the PM before the selection of a PMM in a complex project. The

ROLE OF PMM TO INCREASE PROJECT SUCCESS RATES
researchers of this journal highlighted that the impact of the tools and technologies which are
usually used in complex projects must also be considered by the PM before selecting a PMM
(Davies and Brady 2016). This journal helped in understanding the necessity of understanding
project drivers such as the needs and goals of the stakeholders, deliverables of the stakeholders,
timeline of the projects and the budgetary limitations.
2.8. Literature Gap
It is defined as the gap of a research literature which was not explored in the entire
literature review which is there in the previous sections of this chapter. The gaps of the articles
which were chosen for the literature review shall be identified and reviewed in this unit of this
chapter. The abilities of the scholars whose articles were chosen in the literature review shall be
considered while mentioning the literature gaps. The under explored data of this literature shall
also be listed among the discussions of this section of the paper.
It can be said that the involvement of the end users or the consumers of a complex project
can also help a project manager to choose a suitable PMM in the project. Improvement of the
final product can also be very much useful to identify the exact PMM required for a complex
project. It can also be said that work schedule of the human resources must be flexible enough so
that the objective of the project is accomplished. Reduction of the scalability issues of a project
can also be useful to select an appropriate PMM in a project.
PMM must be selected on the basis of the structure of a project, at the same time
specialization of the roles can also lead the selection of an appropriate PMM. The dynamic
requirements of the consumers of an industry can be maintained in an organized manner using
agile PMM as compared with waterfall. Projects with shorter deadline can be conducted in an

ROLE OF PMM TO INCREASE PROJECT SUCCESS RATES
organized and systemized manner using the agile PMM, whereas projects with longer deadlines
can be conducted using waterfall. Agile PMM has more frequent check-ins than the other PMM
like PMBOK guide and Lean.
Selection of the role of PMMs, selection of professional resources, having a
comprehensive planning, having an open communication, selection of proper risk management
and having a stronger project closure can also be very much useful to improve the success of a
project. Identification of the Critical Success Factors has to be understood in the first place by
the project manager before the selection of an appropriate PMM.
There are numerous limitations related with most of the PMMs which are used in the
complex projects such as the lack of resources, scheduling issues in the project, interpersonal
conflicts, and other overhead costs. Each of these limitations has to be considered before the
selection of a PMM in complex project. Cost cutting is one of the most significant advantages of
the selection of a PMM. Collaboration among the team member can be enhanced after a PMM is
selected, at the same time it can also be said that ability to manage a risk can be improved with
the help of a PMM as well. The reporting capabilities of each of the resources involved in project
can be improved after the selection of a PMM. Thus, each of these aspects can help in
concluding that PMM can play a huge role to improve the project success rate.
Peer reviewed articles were chosen in the literature review, however, few of the journals
which were taken in this literature review is written in a generalized manner. Some of the
selected journals selected in the literature review lacks case study examples and written based on
the secondary data.

ROLE OF PMM TO INCREASE PROJECT SUCCESS RATES
The under explored data of this literature includes the description of PMM as a
catalyst in most of the complex public sector projects. It can be said that most of the public
sectors projects includes diverse categories of stakeholders such as the government official,
suppliers and market competitors and PMM play a huge role to manage each of these
stakeholders in a systemized modus. Complications faced in the software development procedure
which followed waterfall or agile can be addressed in the first place using Rapid Application
Development (RAD) methodology. Projects will require quick delivery of products can be
conducted with the help of RAD which is increasingly used in the software development
projects. Market analysis can be conducted in an organized manner using RAD, at the same time,
system integration and user feedback are the two advantages related with this PMM which can
help to improve the success rates of the IT projects. Changing expectations of the consumers of
the IT can also be managed in a systemized modus using Extreme programming methodology;
the selection of this methodology can play a huge role to increase the project success rates of the
software development project as well. Selection of a PMM depends directly on the selection of a
PM framework, at the same time to the selection of a PMM must also consider the different life
cycle stages of the project. The following chapter of this dissertation shall be highlighting the
methodologies which was selected by the analyst of this dissertation while conducting this
research.

ROLE OF PMM TO INCREASE PROJECT SUCCESS RATES
Chapter 3: Research Methodology
It is one of the key chapter of this dissertation which helps the readers to understand the
methodologies which are considered in the dissertation paper (Brennan 2019). The use of the
techniques are critically analyzed in this chapter of the dissertation in a detailed modus. The
validity and reliability of a dissertation paper depends hugely on this chapter of the dissertation.
The cause and the impact of the variables which are used in the dissertation paper. This chapter
of the dissertation is also very much useful to identify the pattern of the variables which are
considered in the dissertation and the perception of the analyst who is conducting the entire
dissertation. The diverse categories of possibilities of human errors during the study can also be
identified in the first place using this chapter of the dissertation.
3.1. Introduction
Justification behind the selection of diverse methods which will be considered in this
dissertation shall be provided after each of the discussions. The selection of each of the
methodologies shall be in accordance with the topic of this research paper and the limitations of
this paper which will be described in a systemized modus in the concluding section of this
chapter. The selection of the methodologies in this paper shall also depend upon the ethical
considerations of this paper and the research questions which was set in chapter one of the
dissertation.
3.2. Method Outline
The utilization of the appropriate method which will be very much useful to understand
the significance of PMM which can help to enhance the success rate of a project shall be
evaluated in this section of the paper. The research philosophy have considered positivism

ROLE OF PMM TO INCREASE PROJECT SUCCESS RATES
research design, at the same time deductive approach have been considered as the approach of
this research (Dilling, 2010). Exploratory research design was used as the design by the
analysts of this dissertation, at the same time this dissertation have also considered both
secondary and primary dc procedure. The sampling technique which was deployed in this
dissertation is random probability sampling techniques, the online survey of this dissertation
was conducted using the Likert’s scale. The analysis of the collected data will be done using
both quantitative and qualitative methods. The results from the online survey shall be analyzed
using graphical illustrations which will be conducted using MS Excel.
3.3. Research Philosophy
It is defined as the belief which is considered by the analyst of a dissertation which helps
them to conduct a research in a systemized modus. The ways which can help the analysts to
gather and analyze data can be identified using research philosophy. On-depth information about
the selected topic of the research can also be obtained in the first place with the help of a
research philosophy. The assumptions required in the research paper can also be justified from
this section of the dissertation. There are diverse categories of research philosophies which are
used in the research papers such as the positivism, realism, interpretivism and pragmatism
(Mathew, R. V., & Panchanatham, N. 2016. An exploratory study on the development of women
entrepreneurs: Indian cases. Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship et al., 2003).
There are diverse categories of social theories which are connected with each of these theories.
Scientific verification is supported with the help of positivism, the validity of the laws and
theories which are used in the research paper can also be verified using positivism. Realism is
defined as the type of philosophy which are very much significant in research papers which
considers secondary dc. The goals of the research can be verified in the first place using

ROLE OF PMM TO INCREASE PROJECT SUCCESS RATES
interpretivism. This philosophy is very much significant to focus on the areas of the research, the
knowledge generated from the research can be identified in the first place using this philosophy
as well. The metaphysical tendencies can be identified in the first place using pragmatism. The
philosophy which is considered in this research is positivism.
Justification: The hypothesis of this research can be studied in an organized modus with
the help of this positivism. Most of the hidden information can be identified in the first place
using this philosophy. A scientific approach was maintained in this dissertation as a result of
considering positivism philosophy. Limited amount of time was one of the prime reason behind
the selection of this philosophy.
3.4. Research Approach
Evaluation of the study depends hugely on the selection of the research approach of the
dissertation paper. The selection of data analysis and collection depends upon the selection of the
research approach. Interpretation of data also depends upon the selection of the approach of the
paper. The selection of the research approach depends hugely on the hypothesis which is usually
written in the first chapter of the dissertation. Thus, it can be said that the validation of the
methodologies shall depend entirely on the research approach. There are diverse categories of
approaches which are considered by analysts while conducting a dissertation such as deductive
approach, inductive design and adbuctive design (Tashakkori, Teddlie and Johnson, 2015). The
nature of the research and the availability of resources plays a huge role in the selection of an
approach in a research. The research papers which have more than more problem statement from
different sources is conducted using the deductive approach. The research paper which required
logical inference and explanation for each of the discussions considers the abductive approach.

ROLE OF PMM TO INCREASE PROJECT SUCCESS RATES
Researches with theories and patterns can be analyzed using the inductive approach. Deductive
approach was considered as the research approach by the analysts of this dissertation.
Justification: One of the prime reason behind the selection of this approach is that, all
the casual relationships of this dissertation can be studied in the first place using this research
philosophy. The relationship between the variables and the concepts can be done with the help of
the deductive approach. All the measurements can be conducted quantitatively with the use of
this approach. Generation of new ideas and concepts related with the selected topic with the help
of this approach. The predictions of the research can is also supported with the help of this
approach.
3.5. Research Design
The procedure of conducting a research in a systemized modus with the help of a
framework is known as the research design. The selection of the research design depends entirely
on the perception and the critical thinking ability of the analyst who is conducting the study. The
entire pattern of a research can be understood with the help of the research design. The selection
of the research design depends upon the resources which are available to the analysts. Currently
there are diverse categories of designs which are usually considered by the researchers such as
the exploratory design, explanatory design, systematic review, descriptive design, co-relational
design, and meta-analytic design. The research papers which required a lot of flexibility and
adaptability due to constant changes is usually conducted with the help of the exploratory design.
This research design also allows the researchers to work on the future scope of the research
(Anney, 2014) . The case study based researches can be designed on the basis of the descriptive
design. At the same time, the observational researches are done with the help of the research

ROLE OF PMM TO INCREASE PROJECT SUCCESS RATES
design. The research paper which requires different type of statistical analysis is done with the
help of the Meta analysis technique. Exploratory design is very much useful in the researches
where the topic is mostly unknown and priorities has to be set in order to work in the research.
Explanatory research is defined as the type of research which is considered by the analysts of a
research which requires deep insight into a specific subject. Exploratory research design was
selected by the analysts of this research paper.
Justification: The selection of this research design is entirely based on the dc process
which is selected in this research. The dc process is very much dynamic and was subjected to lots
of changes. The selection of this design provides flexibility in the dc procedure. The selection of
this design was also very much useful for the analysts of this dissertation as it allows the future
studies related with the same topic. The other reason behind the selection of this design it that it
helps the analysts to save huge amount of time required in the data analysis and dc process.
Operational definitions can be created using this design as well, at the same time this research
design is also very much beneficial for the analysts to design the final research.
3.6. Data collection process
It is defined as the procedure which are deployed by the analysts of a research to collect
data from diverse sources. Measuring and gathering of data can be managed with the help of the
dc process. The variables of interest, research questions and the hypothesis of the research can be
maintained with the help of the dc procedure. Evaluation of the outcomes can be measured using
this dc process. The validity of the research depends upon the dc process which is conducted by
the analysts of a dissertation (O.J. et al., 2017). There are two diverse categories of dc procedure
which are usually considered in the dissertation papers such as the secondary data collection and

ROLE OF PMM TO INCREASE PROJECT SUCCESS RATES
primary data collection. In secondary data collection procedure data is collected from secondary
sources such as peer reviewed journals which are found in reputed secondary sources like
government databases, official websites, book banks and reliable databases. Whereas, primary
data is usually collected from primary sources using online survey, discussion forums, telephonic
conversations, experiments and personal interview. Primary data collection is termed as the first
hand data and secondary data collection is termed as the second data. The reliability of the
primary data is much more than the reliability of the secondary data. Primary data can be
controlled in a better way as compared with the secondary data. Updated information can be
obtained in the first place using the primary data collection as well. There are no real ownership
issues related with primary data, however, there are few limitations related with primary data as
well such as its availability and huge amount of time required to get the data.
Secondary data has numerous advantages as well such as the ease of data as these data
are very easy to access. There are no real cost related problems with this dc procedure as data
can be obtained just by clicking with the mouse. Generation of new insights is one of the prime
advantage of deploying secondary data in a research paper. Longitudinal analysis can be easily
conducted with the help of the secondary data. However, there are few drawbacks related with
this dc method as well like maintaining the control of the data. Biased and inaccurate data are the
other limitations related with this dc procedure. This dissertation paper shall be considering two
diverse categories of dc collecting techniques such as the primary and secondary data
collection.
Justification: Primary data of this research shall be obtained from online survey which
will be conducted on the experienced project managers who understands the significance of

ROLE OF PMM TO INCREASE PROJECT SUCCESS RATES
PMM which helps to enhance the success rates of the projects. Originality of the data was
maintained with the help of this dc procedure. The accuracy of this primary data is very much on
the higher side and it was very much useful to identify how PMM plays a significant role to
enhance the success rate of a project.
Secondary data of this research was collected from the peer reviewed articles which was
selected from Google Scholar as it is one of the top secondary data source. This dc method was
very much useful for the analyst of this research as it was available within a short period of time
and no money was required to collect these data.
3.7. Data Analysis Techniques
It is defined as the type of technique which are very much useful to measure the validity
and the reliability of the data which are collected from different sources. Evaluation of the
collected data is very much significant for maintaining the integrity of the data. Accuracy of the
data can be maintained in the first place with the help of data analysis. There are numerous
categories of data analysis techniques which are used by the analysts in the research papers such
as the quantitative and qualitative analysis (Ose, 2016). The secondary information of a research
paper can be analyzed with the help of the qualitative data analysis technique. Whereas, primary
data can be analyzed using the quantitative techniques as well. There are numerous software
which are used in the data analysis such as SPSS, Tableau, and MS Excel. The primary data of
this dissertation was analyzed using MS. Excel.
Justification: The primary data which is collected from experienced project managers
who understands the impact of the selection of appropriate PMM has been evaluated with the
help of pictorial illustration and graphs created using MS Excel. There are few numerical

ROLE OF PMM TO INCREASE PROJECT SUCCESS RATES
calculations related with the data collected from the online survey which is supported by MS.
Excel and it is one of the main reasons behind the selection of this statistical tool. The other
reason behind the selection of this statistical tools is its higher reliability over the other statistical
tools like tableau.
3.8. Ethical Consideration
There are diverse categories of ethical implications which was considered by the analysts
while writing research papers like maintaining the code of conduct while collecting data from
secondary and primary sources. The quality of the research depends upon the way by which
ethical considerations are managed by the analysts.
There was no form of mental or physical pressure on the experienced engineers who
took part in the online survey. Identity of the engineers was kept secret both before and after
the conduct of the online survey. Maintaining the anonymity of the respondents who took part
in the data collection process was also considered one of the prime ethical considerations of this
research paper (Minaya, 2016). The other ethical concern of this research was maintaining the
privacy of the data which was collected from Google Scholar. Managing the activities and the
involvement of the project managers who took part in the online survey was also one of the
notable ethical considerations of this research paper.
Data Protection Act of 2018, was considered during the entire data collection procedure
using the online survey. Based on this act, originality of data was maintained by the analyst who
conducted data analysis using MS Excel. This act was also very much useful to protect the
integrity of the data which was collected from secondary sources like Google Scholar. Based on
this law it can also be said that transparency of both the secondary and primary data was

ROLE OF PMM TO INCREASE PROJECT SUCCESS RATES
maintained. All the 8 principles of data protection was very much useful to maintain the security
of the data. Along with this law, the participants of the survey was made aware of the General
Data Protection Regulation as a result only unbiased data was collected from the online survey.
3.9. Research Limitations
The reliability of a dissertation is sometimes adversely affected due to the research
limitations. The role of the analysts of a dissertations is very much significant to address the
limitations of the research paper.
This dissertation paper had numerous limitations which was considered and managed in
an organized modus by the analysts. There are numerous limitations related with this dissertation
such as the formulation of the research questions and lack of previous studies in the research
area. Availability of a very limited budget and time required to complete this dissertation were
the other two prime limitations of this research paper (Abromeit, 2017). In order to deal with
limitations of this research the analyst of this research had an effective cost management plan
which was very much useful to manage the costs required in each phase of the dissertation.
Obtaining unbiased information was the other limitations of this dissertation paper which was
addressed by the analyst of this research with the help of a feedback form.
3.10. Summary
This chapter of the dissertation was very much useful for the readers of this dissertation
to understand the methodologies which was deployed by the analysts of this paper. Positivism
philosophy was considered by the analyst of this dissertation to maintain a scientific approach in
the paper. New ideas and concepts was generated with the help of the research approach which
was selected by the analyst of this research. The flexibility of this research is maintained with the

ROLE OF PMM TO INCREASE PROJECT SUCCESS RATES
help of the exploratory design which was considered in this dissertation paper. The validity and
the reliability of this dissertation is maintained with the help of primary data collected from
experienced project managers using online survey and secondary data from the peer reviewed
journals of Google Scholar. The numerical calculations of the primary data was conducted using
MS Excel which is one of the widely used statistical software used for analyzing primary data.
Maintaining the data collected from secondary and primary sources were the prime ethical
considerations of this dissertation. Limited time and budget were the two notable limitations
associated with this dissertation paper. The following section of this dissertation shall be very
describing the data using graphs and pictorial illustrations which will be gathered from the online
survey which has been collected from the experienced engineers.

ROLE OF PMM TO INCREASE PROJECT SUCCESS RATES
Chapter 4: Data Analysis, Findings and Interpretation
4.1. Introduction
4.2. Quantitative Analysis
4.3. Summary

ROLE OF PMM TO INCREASE PROJECT SUCCESS RATES
Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendations
5.1. Conclusions
5.2. Linking with Objectives
5.3. Recommendations
5.4. Limitations of Study
5.5. Further Scope of Study

ROLE OF PMM TO INCREASE PROJECT SUCCESS RATES
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