Research Report: Pokhara Tourism Development and Innovation

This research project investigates innovation in tourism development within Pokhara, Nepal, focusing on its impact on socio-economic well-being. The introduction highlights the increasing importance of tourism due to globalization and the need for innovation to attract tourists and generate revenue. The study aims to analyze the role of innovation in enhancing competitive advantage and improving socio-economic conditions in Pokhara. It reviews existing literature to identify research gaps and develop a method to assess the innovation gap in Pokhara's tourism. The research also examines the perceptions of local residents and stakeholders regarding tourism innovation. The literature review explores how innovation can address gaps in the tourism sector, emphasizing the need for new technologies and local community engagement. It examines how innovation can improve the socio-economic well-being of the people in Pokhara. The project also discusses the integrated model of destination competitiveness, which is used to assess the strengths and weaknesses of Pokhara's tourism. The report emphasizes the importance of understanding the local community's perspectives and the stakeholders to achieve successful tourism development. Finally, the research concludes with a discussion on the significance of stakeholder involvement and the potential benefits of innovation in tourism for Pokhara's economy and its people.

Research project

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Literature Review.............................................................................................................................2
Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................1

Title of Research – Innovation in tourism development creating socio-economic well-being
at Pokhara
INTRODUCTION
According to the various research conducted by different authors the following literature
review has been developed. The researchers and investigators conducted by different authors
states that the need and demand of tourism has been increasing due to globalization and
internalization, Tourism has become the fastest growing industry in the present economy. The
reason for this development is the high interest of individuals with regard to tourism or visiting
various destinations. The tourism is continuously achieving growth due to the high level of
competition in the tourism market at a global level. Due to this the need of new destination and
tourists has also increased with a high rate. The development of the tourist destination is very
important for meeting the need and demand of the tourism market, it is also very essential to
motivate new and innovative services and products within the tourism industry. This will help in
getting various benefits and also assist in attracting huge number of tourists for visiting the
tourist destinations. The tourism companies to analyze fluctuating demand of the customers to
identify the features, elements and value they require in their tourism experience or holiday. In
addition to this adopting a change in the tourism industry develops various challenges as well as
implementation of competitive advantage and awareness rising in the environment within the
tourism industry.
This research is in context to the city of Pokhara in Nepal, the study will analyze how
Pokhara is influenced by the tourism industry. The Tourism is a major source of revenue for the
Pokhara which makes it highly dependency on the tourism industry. The city gets a huge support
from the government to develop tourism products and services in order to attract more and more
tourists. It is very beneficial to implement innovation in the tourism in order to increase the
attractiveness leading to the increase in revenue generation. Therefore, this research project is
designed for understanding the concept of innovation in tourism development in Pokhara and
analyze the current gaps in the tourism by applying theoretical, empirical and conceptual
observations. The researchers and investigators conducted their research with the following aims
and objectives as mentioned below -
Aims:
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“ To analyze innovation in tourism development is a key to develop competitive advantage for
enhancing the socio-economic well-being in Pokhara, Nepal.
Objectives:
 To review effective literature for identifying the main research gap in knowledge
 Development of a suitable measuring way to audit Pokhara to develop tourism innovation
gap through literature review and the gap identified.
 To analyze the perception of the local public and various stakeholders related to the
innovation in tourism development to improve the socio-economic well-being in Pokhara
 To design related theory and innovative model to develop competitive advantage with the
help of nature and cultural tourism in Pokhara, Nepal.
This research or investigation is based on a relevant theory known as “ The integrated model of
destination competitiveness” it is an appeal of the destination which is superior and potential to
the visitors. For achieving a competitive advantage it is important to develop strategic
management which can help in effective utilization and management of the tourism resources.
The Government and tourism industry need to identify the most significant or strongest as well
as weakest elements in a tourist destination which can develop competitiveness. The integrated
model is designed to set-up indicators which can measure the competitive destinations. The idea
of this model is to identify the weakest and the strongest point of tourism in Pokhara such as the
lack of destination development and innovation in tourism activities are the weak area of the
tourism industry in Pokhara.
Literature Review
To review effective literature for identifying the main research gap in knowledge –
According to Hjalager, (2010), tourism destination needs to identify the major gaps in the
innovation of destinations, the researcher uses different approaches and theories to identify the
various elements, obstacles and issues which influence the innovation in tourism destination for
the development of the tourism industry. The (Williams and Shaw, 2011) said that innovation is
very important in each and every industry, to enhance the growth of tourism industry it is
important to focus on the innovation and development of the tourism in Pokhara, Nepal. The
Pokhara city is a well known destination that attracts a huge number of tourist all around then
world. Tourism is a major source of revenue for the Pokhara, that enables the development of
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socio-economic well-being of the people living in the community. The tourism industry
generates a high revenue for the economy of Pokhara, this revenue can be further sued in the
development of the city, such as new organizations, new destinations which can increase the
employment in the city. This increase in employment can help people to enhance and improve
their well-being in the society or community. Therefore, the researcher develops a detailed
project on understanding the gaps in the tourism industry and the role of innovation in
destination on the socio-economic well-being of Pokhara and its people. The gap in knowledge
refers to the missing of important element in the study of the research topic. The researcher
focuses on analyzing each and every aspects of the tourism in Pokhara. According to the Liburd
and Edwards (2010) Pokhra can attract huge number of people or tourists if focus on the
innovation in the tourism destinations and services provided to the customers.
The identification of the gap in knowledge, develop a suitable measuring instrument to
critically audit Pokhara to establish the contemporary tourism innovation gap – The
Camisón and Monfort (2012) said that it is important design or develop suitable measuring
method to analyze and audit Pokhara to identify the reason of the innovation gap in the tourism.
The tourism industry in Pokhara is facing s lot of barriers while implicating innovation in the
destinations. Innovation is not an easy task or activity, innovation is a process of modifying or
altering the entire structure or operations of an organisation, business or company. Therefore,
changing the entire system for improvement is not so easy, it is important to identify the
weaknesses, strength, future results after the application of the innovation. The Schumpeterian
and the dynamic-capabilities perspectives. Tourism management, states that a mix way of
phenomenological research theory can be the effective instrument to identify the key elements of
the research and the topic of innovation in tourism at Pokhara. The main aim of the
phenomenological research method is to develop an understanding of individual through
experience and perception. Therefore, the Hinch and Higham, (2011) said that implementing this
theory or approach helps in allowing the researcher to determine in-depth knowledge of the study
or the research topic. The goal of the research focuses on the management of the destination
through the use of innovative techniques and methods. The Haugland, Ness and Aarstad (2011)
states that in order to obtain the best results of the research it is essential to use mix research
theories or approaches such as the qualitative and quantitative search approach. The major
elements that developed gap in innovation within Pokhara's destinations are the lack of
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knowledge, technology and interest of the local community as analysed by the Najda-Janoszka
and Kopera, (2014). The Pokhara is a small city in Nepal but is a great sources of income for the
country;s economy. The government provides a lot of support in order to encourage the tourism
in order to enhance the growth and development of the whole Pokhara as well as its people. Due
to various reasons such as the lack of knowledge among the people becomes a big barrier and
establish gap in innovation within the destinations. In order to adopt innovative ideas and
techniques it is important gain proper knowledge of the new trends and methods used in the
destinations to attract more customers or tourists. Therefore, Pokhara tourism industry does not
have enough knowledge as how to use and implement innovative knowledge in their
destinations. The another major barrier for the innovation gap in tourism is the use of old
technology, the destinations in Pokhara tourism are still utilizing the old technologies in the
tourism activities or operations, such as slow internet connectivity etc. this influence the adaption
of innovation in the destinations creating a gap. In order to develop an innovative destination use
of new and creative technology is very important in order to attract the customers. The another
major reason for developing the gap in innovation is the lack of interest among the local
communities at Pokhara(Stylidis,2014). The local people do not shown much interest or
contribution in the development of the destinations or use and implement innovative techniques
to improve the destinations within the tourism. This is a huge barrier in bringing and developing
an innovative destination in the tourism, as the people of the community are the main elements
of introducing a change or innovation within a place. The local people in Pokhara are not
showing much interest in developing their tourism destination due to their concern regarding the
protection of the culture and nature of their city. They think the tourist are harming their culture
and nature of the Pokhara which is developing a major gap in the implementation of the
innovation in the tourism industry. The Cai and Wang, (2010) state that these all elements are the
major element which is developing the gap in the innovation within tourism destination at
Pokhara.
Perception of the local public and various stakeholders related to the innovation in tourism
development to improve the socio-economic well-being in Pokhara – The Thomas and Wood
(2014) said that involvement of the local public and stakeholders is very important for bringing
innovation in the tourism development for improving the socio-economic well-being in Pokhara.
The local people and stakeholders plays an important role in the overall development of the
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tourism industry, for example the suppliers, investors, employees etc are responsible for the
growth and development of tourism industry within a place. The local public gets highly
influenced by tourism in Pokhara, the people have both negative and positive view regarding the
development of tourism(Ali and Frew,2014). The local public faces issue related to the cultural
and natural harm due to the tourism or tourists, the Pokhara attracts tourists from various
countries having different cultures, beliefs and values. The local culture gets highly influenced
by these tourists such as clothing culture gets affected by the tourists visiting Pokhara, their
culture differences also affect the values of the local public. This develops a negative image of
innovation in tourism development as the local people resist change in their culture, values and
beliefs. The positive perception of the local public regrading the tourism development develop
by the fact that innovation in tourism development leads helps in the growth of the economy of
the country, this growth plays an important role in uplifting the economic conditions of the local
people. Due to this benefit of tourism development local public supports the innovation in
tourism development. The various innovative techniques such as entertainment can help the local
public to get employment which is a motivating factor for the people ton support and encourage
innovation in tourism development. In addition to this Hjalager and Nordin, (2011) states that
various stakeholders also have a positive perception with regards to the development of tourism
through innovation. The employees working in a destination at Pokhara such as Annapurna
Museum also achieve many befits by adapting innovative tools and techniques. Innovation such
as the use of new technologies can help the employees of the destination to effectively and
efficiently perform their daily task and activities. This innovation supports the employees to
reduce the burden of work load easily which results in development of motivation and
encouragement among the employees. Motivated employees may further leads to the
development of the tourism industry by providing effective and quality services o the customers
or tourists. The investors are another stakeholders that develops a positive perception supporting
the use of innovative methods or techniques in the development of tourism industry at Pokhara,
the investors analyze the best area to invest funds from which they can bet maximum return.
According to Aldebert, Dang and Longhi, (2011) it is a fact that innovative tools such as
effective use of internet, online promotion, use of technology in entertainment attract more
number of tourists to visit a destination. Therefore, the investors supports innovation in the
development of tourism industry at Pokhara so that they can generate maximum profit from the
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investment they made on the destinations. The customers are also important stakeholders in the
tourism industry, each and every customer or tourist in the tourism industry needs to get a
memorable or impressive experience while visiting a destination. For achieving this experience
they support innovative techniques to be used by the destinations which can provide more
exciting and attractive services to them. Aldebert, Dang and Longhi, (2011) said that the
customers are attracted towards new and creative elements at a destination, this helps them to
attain great satisfaction. Therefore, it is clear that the local public and stakeholders have a
positive perception with regards to the use of innovations in the tourism development, and the
growth and development of the highest profitable tourism industry contribute to the development
of socio-economic well-being of the people and community at Pokhara, Nepal. The social-
economic well-being of Pokhara can be enhanced with the help of tourism development due to
the fact that tourism can help in reducing rate of poverty and improve the economic conditions of
the people. Further, Jóhannesson and Huijbens, (2010) said that in achieving growth and
development of the tourism industry it is very important to adapt and implement innovative tools
and methods so that the tourism activities can be effectively and efficiently designed in order to
provide more attractive products or services to the tourists or customers. These services can be
designed according to the need and demands of the customers, which can enhance the quality
and achieve customer satisfaction. The Pokhara can effectively raise its tourism revenue by using
innovative tools and methods in their tourism services. The tourism industry can contribute
effectively in the development of socio-economic well-being in Pokhara.
Related theory and innovative model to develop competitive advantage with the help of
nature and cultural tourism in Pokhara, Nepal – According to Erkuş-Öztürk and Eraydın
(2010) the relative competitiveness greatly influence the success of tourism destinations in the
global markets. A competitive advantage can be obtained if the appeal of the Pokhara's
destinations is superior as compared to that of an alternative tourism destination with regards to
the potential customers or visitors. However, Weidenfeld, Williams and Butler, (2010) states that
the overall appeal of a destination is not determined by the set of cultural environmental artistic
or natural resources but it is another fact that tourism in Pokhara can achieve impressive position
within the global tourism market by managing the destination resources properly and if the
destination are capable of obtaining as well as maintaining the competitive advantages. For
achieving effective matches among the tourism resources and the management strategies, it is
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very important for the government and tourism industry to identify and understand the strongest
and the weakest point of their country's competitiveness, therefore it is recommended to apply
the Integrated model o destination competitiveness on Pokhara, Nepal as a truism destination.
According to Jones and Haven‐Tang, (2012) a set of indicators was established in order to
measure the competitiveness of the Pokhara destinations such as Annapurna museum. The
application of the Integrated model of destination was done with a concept that the there are
various indicators that of competitiveness under the main components of the destination
competitiveness model. The model states hat competitive position of a destination within the
tourism market depends upon the quality and choice of the management of resources within the
destination. According to this a concept was developed that the weakest point of Pokhara's
destination competitiveness is the destination management. In addition to this three sub-concept
were developed, the first sub-concept states that Pokhara is much more competitive in the
attractiveness of the inherited, created and supporting resources as compared to its destination
management. Guttentag, (2015) also said that the inherited resources are more competitive as
compared to the created resources and at the same time are more competitive than the supporting
resources. The second sub-concept was developed o the basis of research outcomes on Pokhara's
competitiveness and claims that destination conditions are more comparative as compared to the
destination management. The destination's condition according to the applied model consists the
three main components of tourism demand, perception of destination, awareness of destination
on global tourism market and tourism preferences. The third sub-concept tests the relationship
between demand condition and situation comparing to the destination management. Yang (2012)
said that it is important to develop the other concept as well such as research methods,
recommendations, description of the previous research or study etc. The destination
competitiveness is the capability of a country or place to develop additional values and therefore
enhance the national wealth by managing the processes, assets, aggressiveness, proximity and
assets along with integrating the relation of these elements with the social and economical model
that takes into account natural capital of a destination as well as its preservation for the future
generations. Many Carlisle, Kunc and Tiffin, (2013) contributed to define and research of
competitiveness of tourists destinations. However, the competitiveness is a complex term which
can be understood by trying to identify and measure the competitiveness. Hence, there are
various models developed for Attempting to measure competitiveness as a unique concept. The
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various models are different from each other with regards to the defined elements that ascertain
competitiveness and their grouping. Even so the Paget,Dimanche and Mounet, (2010) decided to
utilize the integrated model of competitiveness which was established from a conceptual model
of competitiveness. The Integrated model focus on the significance of the demand elements or
factors. Awareness of alternative tourist destination, the tourism offers related to them, and the
perception of differences between destinations among the tourists are the main factors of tourist
flow. According to Denicolai and et.al, (2010) Pokhara's destination should focus on developing
and providing such tourism products which can increase the demand of tourism. The Crouch-
Ritchies model neglected the competition elements with relation to demand. It only focuses on
the supply factors which develops an incomplete and insufficient image of the competitiveness
of various tourist's destination in Pokhara. Integrated model consist a tourist policy, destination
development and planning as group elements with a common name as Management. The
Pokhara tourism industry needs to focus on effectively develop their management strategy in
order to make various plans which can help in effective utilization of resources available. The
destination management can help the tourism industry to achieve growth and development
contributing to the formation of healthy economy as well as socio-economic well-being in
Pokhara, Nepal. The integrated model concluded that the destinations in Pokhara should develop
effective destination management to enable proper utilization of various resources available with
the destination, such as created, inherited resources etc. In order to gain competitive advantages
the destination of Pokhara should also focus on the various elements which an influence the
competitiveness in tourism industry such as the human resources, restaurants, natural and
cultural elements including the various social elements. Therefore, Pokhara tourism needs to
focus on bringing innovation in their destinations and tourism activities as well as destination
management to establish socio-economic well-being by increasing the revenue and employment
for the local public.
Research Questionnaires
In order to complete the research study researcher decided to develop effective questionnaires
regarding the project topic, innovation tourism development in Pokhara. The various research
questionnaires developed by the researcher are as mentioned below -
 Do you think innovation in tourism destination develops the socio-economic well-being
in Pokhara?
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 Do you think innovation is necessary?
 Do you think tourism can help in development of Pokhara?
The above questions are the main elements according to which the researcher can identify
perception of the people in Pokhara with regards to innovation in tourism destinations. The
outcomes of these questionnaires can be very helpful in accomplishing the objectives of current
research project.
Research Methods
In order to accomplish the aim or objectives of the research study various methods or
tools can be used.
 Research design - The communicated inquire about which will be finished is clear in
nature where the essential highlight is on deciding, studying and taking a gander at
information the extent of considerations, methodology, techniques and systems which is
significantly profitable for the examination. The rule purpose behind picking this
arrangement will be to effectively assess the possible components that are valuable in
choosing the impact of specialist motivation on work execution.
 Research approach - Inductive approach will be seen as possessed with the predefined
ask about assignment where the structure and delayed consequences of the examination
goes from specific to general. The remarkable reason of picking the inductive approach
will be to assess the specific information about the impacts of specialist's motivation level
over their action execution in setting of Tourism in Pokhara and later describing it when
in doubt edge.
 Data accumulation - Two wellsprings of data gathering are accessible to be particular
fundamental and discretionary. In the present research fundamental data will be
assembled with the help of survey and assistant source where the information will be
gathered from various books, journals and online articles related with the subject.
 Inspecting – It is associated with the choice of answers from which the information and
data is gathered or accumulated. In the process and flow explore test size of 10
employees working in Tourism industry at Pokhara is picked with purposive examining
strategy and it will direct the examination adequately and appropriately.
 Information examination – In this exploration the information and data of the subject will
be dissected and inspected by utilization of subjective strategy in which diverse topics
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will be confined and connected to feature the real reaction gave by the workers related
inside the examination consider. The application or utilization of quantitative
investigation or its strategies are not executed to gather information.
The various research tools researcher can use in order to collect information these includes
surveys, interviews etc. The researcher selected the interview method in order to collect relevant
information regarding the various questionnaires developed. The employees working in tourism
industry can be a primary source for the collection of information or data as they can provide
useful information as well their perception regarding the innovation in tourism destination.
Validity
Research validity assist in determining the effectiveness will acquire the aims and
objectives. The present study is based on appropriate methods so that issues linked with
reliability and validity may not arise. Reliability is considered as the way through which
assessment done are reliable and thus it helps scholar to perform the similar investigation upon
the situation in order to attain desired outcome. Secondary data collection helps investigator to
consider some reliable sources such as part research, articles, journals etc. Here, proper thematic
analysis is being used which helps scholar to identify appropriate and reliable techniques in
relation to attain desired results. In the current report, it is considered that the research being
carried out by scholar needs to be valid and reliable and thus helps firm to bring positive
outcomes so that appropriate results could be attained. Further, researcher is mainly focusing on
major areas such as data collection, analysis etc due to which reliability of the research has
increased. Maintaining the validity is one of major concern because if content collection is not
valid then it might affect the overall effectiveness of project. In order to have better consideration
of validity, data will only be collected from authentic sources. References used for collection are
only related to the subject so that valid and reliable information can be attained. Along with this,
sources used in the collection are not presenting old trends. It means the latest information will
also be collected so that it can be make sure that information used is valid and it provides an
actual results as per latest trends. The research data will be related to the subject of this research,
various secondary sources will be utilised with proper analysis to collect most appropriate and
reliable data or information. Therefore, it is crucial for them to undertake appropriate sources
from which reliable information is being selected and thus it could not affect the research
outcome
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Data analysis
Age Number of
respondents
20 to 30 years 5
30 to 40 years 2
40 to 50 years 3
The researcher conducted interview with 10 employees working in a tourism organisation in
Pokhara, Nepal. The interview was conducted for employees under different age group such as
20 – 30 years, 30 – 40 years, 40 – 50 years. The data collected by the interview is as illustrated
below.
Do you think innovation in tourism destination
develops the socio-economic well-being in
Pokhara?
Numbers of respondents
Yes 7
No 2
May be 1
Interpretation – According to the data it is concluded that maximum of the employees working
in tourism industry at Pokhara agree that innovation in tourism destination can develop the socio-
economic well-being in Pokhara 7 out of 10 employees answered yes.
Do you think innovation is necessary for
tourism?
Numbers of respondents
Yes 6
No 3
May be 1
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Interpretation – Another questionnaire was regarding the necessity of innovation, the
information collected proved that maximum of the employees in tourism industry agrees that
innovation is very important for tourism industry in Pokhara.
Do you think tourism can help in development
of Pokhara?
Numbers of respondents
Yes 8
No 1
May be 1
Interpretation – With respect to the information collected by the researcher it can be concluded
that tourism industry can assist the overall development of Pokhara. Almost of the employees
agreed that tourism can contribute to the growth and development of the city.
Conclusion
The above research project concluded that the innovation in tourism is very much
important and beneficial for the growth and development of Pokhara as well as it can also be
helpful in the improvement of socio-economic well-being in Pokhara. The research project
determined various research methods that can be used in order to collect relevant information or
data related to the research topic. This project was in context to the various research studies
based on the innovation in tourism destinations in Pokhara, Nepal. The literature review briefly
described the use of innovative methods and techniques in the development of tourism in
Pokhara. The Literature review included the discussion of identifying the main research gap in
knowledge, Related theory and innovative model to develop competitive advantage with the help
of nature and cultural tourism in Pokhara, Nepal, The identification of the gap in knowledge,
develop a suitable measuring instrument to critically audit Pokhara to establish the contemporary
tourism innovation gap, Perception of the local public and various stakeholders related to the
innovation in tourism development to improve the socio-economic well-being in Pokhara.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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Camisón, C. and Monfort-Mir, V. M., 2012. Measuring innovation in tourism from the
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Jóhannesson, G.T. and Huijbens, E.H., 2010. Tourism in times of crisis: exploring the discourse
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Haven‐Tang, C. and Jones, E., 2012. Local leadership for rural tourism development: A case
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Guttentag, D., 2015. Airbnb: disruptive innovation and the rise of an informal tourism
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Ali, A. and J. Frew, A., 2014. ICT and sustainable tourism development: an innovative
perspective. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 5(1), pp.2-16.
Stylidis, D., Biran, A., Sit, J. and Szivas, E.M., 2014. Residents' support for tourism
development: The role of residents' place image and perceived tourism impacts. Tourism
Management, 45, pp.260-274.
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