Political Science Assignment: Postcolonial Australia and Relations

This political science essay delves into several critical topics. It begins by analyzing the recent nuclear and missile tests in North Korea and the US response through the lenses of realist and constructivist frameworks, arguing for a constructivist approach that prioritizes global well-being. The essay th...Read More

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Are the recent nuclear and missile tests in North Korea and the US response, best
understood as a realist framework, a constructivist framework, or a combination of both?
Explain.
The nuclear and missile tests in North Korea and the US response is a constructive
framework which aims at ensuring that the social interests of the world are considered in the
testing. It is essential for a nation to find local responses when coming up with a decision that
would negatively affect the performance of an organization. The useful framework is the one
which is aimed at ensuring that there is a minimum danger to the region through the following of
the set international standards in daily operations. The North Korea tests are required to be
performed considering the effects of the nuclear tests to people in the area and globally. The
International relationship is maximized through the following of the set international rules of
business operations. The intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) indicated that the missile tests
were successful which have the power to reach any parts of the world (McCurry, 2017). The
nuclear missile in North Korea could strike the US maintain which poses dangers to different
parts of the world. The government of US has intervened to ensure that there are no nuclear tests
in North Korea due to their destructive nature to the public. The missiles are very powerful as
they can be directed to any part of the world. The nuclear weapons endanger social security due
to their adverse effects on the performance of the community. Proper management of weapons is
essential to ensuring that there is global peace where some countries do not seem superior to
others due to their weapon power (Gilpin, 2015). Constructivist framework implemented by the
US is through dialogue where the presidents of the involved nations agree to discuss under
proper conditions. The discussions are aimed at reducing the threats of missile tests to other

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nations. North Korea ambitions have led to use of nuclear experts in developing highly advanced
nuclear weapons.
Realist and useful frameworks are aimed at ensuring that there is proper national progress
considering the other nations. Realist framework is where the national interests are considered
when developing strategies for international relations. The constructive framework focuses
mainly on the harmful effects of a particular action implemented by a nation. The recent nuclear
and missile tests in North Korea and the US response is a useful framework as it considers the
global wellbeing more than the national interests (Sanger, 2017). The missile tests pose a threat
to different nations as they can be direct to any part of the world making North Korea very
powerful due to their weapon superiority. It is vital for nations to reduce the implementation of
weapon superiority for global peace. Realistic evaluation requires the decision makers to perform
an analysis of necessary data in coming with a decision which will maximize the performance of
a nation. Social and economic impacts of a decision require being accessed in developing
strategies that will affect the long-term performance of a country (Probst & Michael, 2014). The
procedures are needed to be effective in maximizing international relations through a proper
approach of national operations. The North Korea is required to develop a strategy that considers
the safety of other nations for the achievement of set long-term goals of production. The nuclear
tests performed by North Korea reduce the international relations with other countries due to the
danger imposed by the weapons. In the realistic framework, the military is considered as the
most critical unit of the nation due to its ability to keep order and peace in a nation. The
constructive approach of dealing with nuclear weapons aims at emphasizing on social interests
rather than the economic impact of the project (Narang, 2015). The nuclear weapons have a

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negative effect on social progress requiring the North Korea missiles to be controlled for an
insight of social development.
Racism in 'the West' today is a legacy of imperialism. Discuss with reference to
contemporary race relations in one western country.
Racism is on the rise especially in Europe where people are discriminated due to their
race. Russia is one of the countries in Europe where racism is on the rise due to discrimination
especially for the black people (FIDH, 2017). The legacy of imperialism in racisms is where
some countries have a view of being more powerful than others due to race. GDP of states is
used in making some countries in the west act superior to others due to their economic stability.
The high rate of racism in Russia has led to individuals from different races to engage in the
operations of the nation. It is essential for the government to evaluate the legacy of racism which
negatively affects the economic and social progress of a country. Russia is a nation which is
widely known of discriminating individual due to their race, especially in public places. This
discrimination reduces the self-esteem levels of an individual as one is made look inferior to
others. Racism victim is unable to achieve potential from production due to the destructions
caused due to race. The government is required to come up with strategies which are aimed at
reducing the cases of racisms in the nation for the achievement of set long-term goals (Haltinner,
2014). International relations and trade are negatively affected by the legacy of racism in Russia
where people are not willing to engage operations in the country due to increased discrimination
cases.
Colonialism and slave trade are primary contributors of cases of racisms where some
races seemed superior to others (Olusoga, 2017). Even after colonialism and slave trade, there

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have been cases of racial abuse to the minority group of the society. It is essential to reduce the
racisms cases in a nation as it has negative impacts on the individual and national performance.
The effects of racisms include; one is the reduction of production level due to reduced self-
esteem and motivation. It is essential for employees to have a maximum motivation to achieve
the set personal and organizational goals. Racisms make it hard for individuals to reach their
potential as it affects their ability to work. Two is mental illness due to racial abuse where one
suffers from depression and stress. Continuous mistreatment due to race reduces the
psychological and emotional performance which could lead to mental illness. Three is violence
caused due to the racial abuse which could lead to injury and death thus it is essential to handle
the cases of racial abuse in the society (Feagin & Bennefield, 2014). Four is reduced
international relations where some nations are not willing to engage with a country which is
widely known for racial abuse. Lastly, racism leads to diminishing to international trade as
investors are reluctant in entering into the business of the nation which leads to reduced
economic performance.
The government of Russia and the European Union has developed strategies for ensuring
that there are reduced cases of racial abuse in the region. In handling racisms in Europe, the
nations agreed to International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial
Discrimination (ICERD) where individuals are required to be treated equally regardless of race
(FRA, 2017). European Union countries are expected to follow the set policies in handling
various issues facing the nations in regards to racial discriminations. Fines and jail terms are used
in ensuring that there are reduced racism cases in Russia for the social and economic progress of
the country. Russia has developed educational programs which aim at increasing awareness of
reduced discrimination for the achievement of set macroeconomic goals of the nation. Preventing

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racial hatred in a country is essential in providing a reduction of racism cases for continuous
social progress.
Are critical studies of whiteness an example of: (choose one concept) agonism, political
correctness or a politics of mutual liberation? Define your terms carefully and explain.
Whiteness theory is aimed at identifying the origin of white people by identifying the
social and cultural background of the people. Whiteness studies aim at identifying the beginning
of white people as do not possess complexions of other race (Perazzo, 2016). The studies have
contributed to racism in universities especially in the USA where the study is prevalent as it is an
indication of that white people are more privileged than other races. White people are more
dominant in the USA compared to other races where study aims at identifying the cultural beliefs
of the people in the earlier days. The whiteness has led to different opinions where some
supports and others are against the study of determining the origin of white people. The historical
and social aspects are explained in the studies for a systematic identification of race. Agonism is
a political theory which identifies the issues involved in politics where some harmful elements
have a positive impact on the performance of the society. It is essential in agonism to determine
the positive and negative elements in the implementation of a particular policy in ensuring that it
achieves an increase in social development. Political awareness requires individuals to acquire
required knowledge that will increase the positive aspects of politics for an increase in the social
and economic progress of the nation. The politic of mutual liberation requires considering the
freedom of all groups involved in the society for a stable performance of an organization
(Edwards, 2014). The mutual liberation requires identification of the needs of national
stakeholders to satisfy the requirements for increased production.

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White studies are related to politics of mutual liberation where all races are required to
be identified in the study. The research is needed to be controlled in ensuring that there is not
teaching of needs of white supremacy and privilege in the community. White studies are
necessary to identify the views of affected individuals of the society for a stable performance of
in the community. The dominant view of the white community makes the students have different
aspects of the topic. Mutual liberation is necessary for ensuring that the opinions of various
stakeholders are identified in a smooth flow of the community (Agger, 2014). Some people are
vulnerable from the studies by identifying the white society as privileged in the community. The
culture and history of the white people are required to be regulated in ensuring that there is a
stable performance in a nation. The history and culture in whiteness studies need to have a
mutual obligation. Liberation requires considerations of the needs of various people in the
community in developing policies that will positively impact the performance of the country
(Kinni, 2015). The white studies have the negative and positive impact on the students requiring
the system to implement policies to ensure mutual benefits to all benefits.
Equality in the political system is achieved through politics of mutual liberation where
the needs of different individuals are identified and satisfied. The performance is based on the
policies implemented in the nation for the achievement of set social and economic goals. People
are required to be equally treated regardless of their cultural or political beliefs. The use proper
political ideologies and democracy make it possible for the community to work together in
achieving a sustainable performance of the nation (Ball, Richard, & O’Neill, 2016). White
studies are required to be liberated to offer proper impression to the students to reduce
discriminative laws. Politics of mutual liberation provides decision-making process that
improves the attitude of people in the nation.

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What does it mean to describe contemporary Australian as having a postcolonial
character? Discuss concerning Indigenous-settler relations
The Australian indigenous-settle relations are the individuals who were first in the nation
which culture and beliefs are followed by most population. Australian indigenous was in the
region before the European colonization which is mainly the Australia - Torres Strait Islanders
and Aboriginal people (Australianstogether.org, 2017). There are different languages which are
spoken in Australia requiring the community to come up with policies that will handle the
changes in the nation. The indigenous people in the region are expected to be dark and have
exceptional athletic skills that live in villages (Australianstogether.org, 2017). The postcolonial
character of the indigenous people of Australia to reduces their cultural and religious beliefs of
the people. It is essential for an individual to consider the cultural views of the community for a
stable performance of the community. Colonialism affected the cultural and religious beliefs of
people in Australia where people followed the new standards set by the colonial government.
Cultural practice is essential in maintaining the entity of particular people in the population for a
stable performance of the nation. The Australian indigenous population comprises of 3% of the
Australian population (Australianstogether.org, 2017). The community has reduced the practice
of earlier cultural beliefs and practices to adapt to the changing times after colonialism.
The indigenous culture of people in Australia is the oldest in the world as it started
500,000 to 65,000 years ago (Australia.gov, 2017). Protecting cultural materials is vital in
spreading the culture to different generations of the community. Sustainability in production is
achieved through the analysis of different cultural beliefs of individuals in the country to handle
various issues facing communities. The need of communities is changed in regards to their
cultural beliefs requiring a proper evaluation of culture to develop policies that will ensure a

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continuous development of a country (Garling, Janet Hunt, & Will, 2013). The sacred placed and
objects of Australian indigenous communities are preserved in providing that there is a
sustainable cultural practice despite the changing times. The cultivation of land by indigenous
communities of Australia was different to the cultivation of the white people. Colonialism
negatively impacted the success of the culture as some individual undertook practices of the
colonialists in their daily tasks (Coates & Hetherington, 2016). National parks and museums are
used in preserving the culture of Australia indigenous communities. The preservation of culture
ensures that there is an improvement of knowledge about the individuals who were first in the
nation.
Postcolonial led to many Australian practicing the English culture which was imposed on
them by the colonials. The national identity was affected by colonials as most people engage in
activities related to those of colonials for a sustainable performance of the nation after
colonialism. The practice led to the reduction in the use of required culture to the society where
the strength of indigenous communities of Australia was reduced by the English culture (Christie
& Verran, 2013). The complexity of Australia indigenous communities’ culture led to many
people preferring to implement the English culture in production. The identity of the nation was
negatively affected as it emerged to work as directed by the colonials. The policies implemented
in colonialisms were followed leading to the lost identity of the culture and history of indigenous
communities. Modern Australian performance uses colonial practices requiring the people to
consider the indigenous communities’ cultures in social progress of the nation through culture
preservation.

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