19th Century: Political Ideologies, Social Reforms, and Democracy

This essay provides a comprehensive overview of the political and social transformations that characterized the 19th century. It delves into the major ideologies of the era, including liberalism, conservatism, nationalism, and socialism, analyzing their core principles and impact on society. The essay explores the rise of nationalism and the emergence of new social movements. Furthermore, it examines the shift from an agricultural to an industrial society, highlighting the consequences of industrialization, such as child labor and the enactment of the Factory Act. The essay also touches upon the challenges and complexities of democracy, addressing issues like intergenerational theft and the impact of digital technologies. By examining these diverse aspects, the essay aims to provide a nuanced understanding of the 19th century's lasting legacy on modern society.

HISTORY ESSAY

19th century is the era of sweeping political changes. Few social and political
principles promoted during that time. This has brought to think in new
relationship regarding their humanities and the government or each other.
The increasing national imaginary is the testimony to strengthen the sentiments. Ideologies
found in the 19th century include liberalism, democratic, republicanism, conservatism,
psychological socialism, and communism. Conservatism is the ideology, which asserts
tradition as only trustworthy to the political and social action. Liberalism is the ideology that
asserts the tasks of government as to promote the liberty of an individual. Free and constant
competition always is a norm in the human societies as human can always reproduce greater
rate as compared to food supply (Ball, Terence, Dagger, and Daniel, 2016). Nationalism is
the ideology-asserting nation as natural and organic entity, which binds shared cultural traits,
and natural boundaries. Anarchism ideology saw a state where governing institutions as the
enemy of the person`s freedom. Socialism came to a way through which it envisioned and
tried ideal communities so that they can work fruitful (Csillag, Tamás, and Szelényi, 2015,
30). The changing aspects from agricultural to an industrial society is seen after the French
revolution as this era was seen many political and social sweeps. In 19th century, interval has
to face problematic reality, which means democracy in rich nations to colonise future.
Inconvenient reality such as freely dumping of ecological humiliation, public debt, nuclear
waste and technological risk. Although, it was quite difficult to reinvent democracy to
overcome the inherent while addressing intergenerational theft underlining colonial
domination of future. Digital technologies and social media have paced up political life and
the issue is electoral cycle inheriting design flaw democratic systems. Britain colonised the
Australia in 19th Century where it drew legal doctrine to promote democracy.

In 19th century, political ideology has been complied to set of principles, symbols, class,
social movement, and ethical ideals of social movement, which could work political and
cultural blueprint for any social order. The new reformation of the society in 19th century
considering social issues so that they can be eradicated with strict actions of government
youth labour, poverty and hunger, homelessness, social security, unemployment, low wages,
human equality, civil rights, global warming, and racism. One children reformation from 19th
century, children has created a rising proportion of almost two out of five children by 1820.
Parliamentary concerns over the overexploitation of child labour in 19th Century is generally
linked with industries. Parliament was occupied with the exploitation cases of child labour.
Chimney Sweeps Act has been enacted in 1834 illegalization apprenticing the child
underneath age “ten.” A reviewed chimney Sweeps Act has elevated minimum age until 16
and below this, it will be considered as child labour.
Concepts of the national agreement in the 19 century is closely connected with the
philosophy of open-mindedness. It is derived from Latin word “liber” that purely means free.
Newly emerging middle class liberalism where they stood for sovereignty for person and
equality of all before the laws. It is considered to accept the concept of government through
their consent (Weiler, & Peter, 2016). Since French revolution, liberalism stood until the
finale of autocracy and the clerical privileges where constitution and government represents
through government. From the French revolution, liberals had been stressed the sacredness of
the isolated property where liberalisation stood for self-determined markets and the
eradication of state executed prevention regarding the goods and the investment (Grell, Peter,
and Cunningham, 2017, 10).
By 1833, the people felt the necessity of factory Act, which is the resolve within parliament
in order to legalize conditions that has to be strengthened. It is driven by battle for the
political reformation by anti-slavery campaigns, which did not hesitate the comparison of

treatment of the mill workers inclusive of children and the slaves Schrock, Andrew, and
Gwen Shaffer, 2017). The reports laid down the governmental inquiry and the royal
commission as being shaped report with full of facts of dreadful abuse and the maltreatment
of the children in the industries. Further, in 1833 Act has been applied to older women as
produced communities that has ignored the previous legislations. With the enforcement of
1833 Act, it is important for the establishment of the arrangement to ensure where guidelines
were obligatory. Four-man inspectorate was too far small for the enforcement of Act. After
social crisis, it is seen that one essential to reinvent democracy for the long-term. Politicians
miss the mark to look after the next vote to promote democracy because currently it has
neglected the rights of the future generation (Grossi, Giuseppe, and Daniela Pianezzi, 2017,
82).

References
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Grossi, Giuseppe, and Daniela Pianezzi. "Smart cities: Utopia or neoliberal
ideology?." Cities 69 (2017): 79-85.
Schrock, Andrew, and Gwen Shaffer. "Data ideologies of an interested public: A study of
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