The Basic Principles of Population-Based Health Care in Oral Health

This report delves into the fundamental principles of population-based health care, emphasizing the importance of oral health within this framework. It explores the various factors influencing population health, such as demographic trends, social inequalities, and determinants of health, with specific attention to the UK and international oral health trends. The report then evaluates the relevance of evidence-based prevention strategies to improve oral health, assessing the roles of the Care Quality Commission, health departments, and the National Institute for the Study of Community Dentistry. A case study on denture stomatitis in an elderly patient is presented, including treatment methods like antifungal medications, antimicrobial mouthwash, and proper denture cleaning techniques. The report concludes by highlighting the significance of preventative measures and the role of healthcare systems in improving oral health outcomes within the broader context of population health.

Basic Principle of Population Based
Health Care
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Table of Contents
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1.The basic principal of a population health approach...........................................................3
2. The relevance of evidence based prevention to improve oral health by evaluating the
following system....................................................................................................................4
Case summary..................................................................................................................................5
Treatment................................................................................................................................6
References........................................................................................................................................8
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1.The basic principle of a population health approach
Population health shows how health care is provided to different people. It recognises the
range of social, economic, physical and environmental factors which can contribute to health.
Further, the population health approach focusses on making improvement in the health and well
being of the population. The basic principle of population health approach is valuing equity,
building capacity, addressing social determinants. etc. Population health approach try to reduce
health inequalities through addressing unfair difference in health and social opportunities.
Way of measuring population health is through mortality and life expectancy. It is one of
the oldest and simplest way of measuring. This is used for instance, to calculate the impact
excess death within the particular place.
Current patterns for
a.) Demographic and social trends
b.) Oral health trend in the UK and international
c.) Inequalities in health
d.) Determinants of health
 Demographics and social trends are significant in determining health approach of
population. It shows that how a culture, gender etc. are discriminated while population
counting. The way change in social trends are eliminated in country. It impacts the
overall health structure of nation as basic health facilities are not provided to every
section of society (Eldredge, Markham and Parcel, 2016.). Therefore, it affects people
health and population. However, oral health has been greatly affected in this regard.
 Oral care is a basic component in health services. It provides value to people as it
improves their overall healthcare. It should be included in providing population health.
Through oral care, basic health facilities can be provided. It reduces the risk of heart and
other disease thus by improving overall health (World Health Organization, 2016). Also,
oral care is associated with inequalities in health and demographic factors. So, these must
be removed to access better services. Improved oral care provide broader health
outcomes in population.
 Inequalities in health is related to differences between people due to social, biological and
other factors. It affects health of people as they experience poor health services. Local
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authorities are responsible for this issue as they determine social and economic activities
of people (Nash, Fabius and Skoufalos, 2015). Its main factor is ethics which creates gap
in providing health services. Due to this, it is difficult to provide equal health benefits to
all sections of society. These inequalities further create gaps in population to provide
basic healthcare facilities.
 Determinants of health are defined in several ways. It belongs to social, economic or any
other environment. The quality of health services depends upon this factor. Also, the
health efficiency of people is described by this. By measuring each determinant, the
overall population health services are developed (Hing and Hsiao, 2014). It has a major
impact on health as sometimes people do not get equal health facilities. This is because
people get different types of services. Therefore, these factors should be eliminated while
giving health care facilities to people. It will lead to improvement in well being of people.
2. The relevance of evidence based prevention to improve oral health by evaluating the following
system
 Care Quality Commission- Care based commission has made certain procedures to
improve the quality of oral care services. It monitors dental practices to ensure safety,
effectiveness, caring, etc. of services that are being provided. CQC encourages
improvement in these by setting quality standards and providing support to dentist.
People should be treated with respect so that it will increase their satisfaction level.
Moreover, people’s opinion should be taken if they agree to take required treatment or
not, this will help in gaining their trust. CQC made policies to be followed which
includes identifying people’s needs to give them appropriate care services (Michele,
2014.). Thus, safe care must be given to them whenever they move between different
services. Also, there must be clean environment all around which will not harm them.
Staff must be properly trained and qualified for their respective jobs. Training should be
provided to improve their skills.
 Health department- It is responsible for regulating and measuring the efficiency of oral
services. This can be done by improving children education on oral health. Guidelines
should be made by government for schools to provide education on it. Moreover, the role
of professionals should be enhanced to discuss effects of oral hygiene and maintaining
oral health. Non- dental health centres should be allowed to get involved in providing
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oral services. Campaigns on how sugar volume impacts oral health should be organised.
It will help in providing useful information to people that will lead to improvement in
oral services.
 The national institute for the study of community dentistry- National health study plays
an important role in providing suggestions and advice on how to improve services in oral
health. They should create awareness among people by starting initiatives such as call to
action. Also, research and articles can be published in magazines or newspapers to make
people aware about various types of oral services. It will also be useful to professionals
who are engaged in this (Hing and Hsiao, 2014). Therefore, they can improve quality of
services by gaining knowledge from this. Certain laws and policies must be developed by
National health service in dental care. It will help in creating better environment and
reducing oral disease.
Case summary
According to the given case study, an elderly patient who is at the age of 71 years visit to
dentist because he noticed cavaties underneath his upper partial denture. While examination,
dental care provider diagnosed it as a denture stomatitis.
A denture stomatitis is known as the common condition in which slight irritation and
redness of the oral self-lubricating membrane occurs below a denture. Further, denture stomatitis
is one of the common form of oral candidiasis and it is mostly common in old age people
because they wear partial or complete denture. (A denture is known as replacing of teeth which
is worn by someone who do not have natural teeth in their upper jaw). Further, denture related
stomatitis is more likely to take place at the time when denture is left constantly in the mouth and
if it is not removed while sleeping or not cleaned regularly (Pollock, MacKay and Denepitiya,
2014). Denture stomatitis is also called chronic atrophic candidiasis or denture stomatitis.
The way to do removal denture at work
Full and partial denture: In partical denture consist of a gum colored based which is made uo of
plasitic rsin, and it fits to the remaining alveolar redige which formerly held the teeth. At first
time of wearning denture it needed get used in term of eating or communicating. Soon denture
started balancing in the given space that is occupied in the foermly space. For older age peope it
is not easy to keep clean their partial denture due to which different types of problem in mouth
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started occurring such as redness and sour etc. As soon when an individual become aware that
she is suffering from denture stomoatis then it is important to start taking treatment.
Figure 1 Denture stomatitis
(Source: Mouth Conditions, Denture stomatitis)
Instruction for the elderly patient who suffer from denture stomatitis.
As one of the main causes for her denture stomatitis is wearing partial denture for improving
their oral hygiene and preventing from denture stomatitis in the future. While wearing partial
denture, it is important for old women to take proper care of it. She should remove partial
denture at the time of sleeping. Along with this, it must be clean regularly. Apart from these,
poorly fitting dentures may lead to cause pressure on the mucosa and it lead to occur mechanical
irritation.
Figure 2 Types of partial denture
(Source: Removable Dentures, 2018)
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Figure 3Care of denture
Treatment
One of the important aspect of treatment is to remove partial denture before sleeping,
cleaning and disinfecting it. After removing, it should be stored in an antiseptic solution for
overnight. Mostly, the denture gets infected due to the C. albicans which can again cause re
infection if not cured. Apart from this, another aspect which can be involved in treatment is
resolution of the mucosal infection (Khiyani, Chaves and Emami, 2017). For this purpose,
topical antifungal medication are used such as fluconazole, nystatin etc. Mostly, antimicrobial
mouthwash that is chlorhexidine is prescribed by the dental care professional. At last, if old
women is suffering from any diseases such as diabetes etc. then it should be treated with proper
care.
It is essential to keep mouth leant and rinse mouth after weaning or removing denture.
Hiwever smoking lead to encourage the the growth of uat function. Apart from the denture
should be clean and medication aslo play significant role in keeping away denture stomatitis.
Here are two types of cleaning that is chemical cleaning and mechanical cleaning
Chemical cleaning
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Soaking in sodium perborate and 6 percent bleach diluted by mixing 10 parts water to one part
bleach help in keeping denture clean
Further 10% of vinegar over soak is aslo inexpensive way which can be used by old lady for
keeping its partial denture clean
Mechnical cleaning
Brusing with neutral soap or dentrifice
Ultrasonic cleasning
Hence it can be stated that there are different methods that can be used by an old lady for
keeping its denture clean and regular treatment help in removing different types of mouth diseas
such as denture stomatitis.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals:
Eldredge, L. K. B., Markham, C. M., Ruiter, R.A., Kok, G. and Parcel, G.S., 2016. Planning
health promotion programs: an intervention mapping approach. John Wiley & Sons.
Hing, E. and Hsiao, C. J., 2014. State Variability in Supply of Office-based Primary Care
Providers, United States, 2012 (No. 2014). US Department of Health and Human Services,
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics.
Khiyani, M .F., Chaves, C. A., and Emami, E., 2017. Improving practice guidelines for the
treatment of denture-related erythematous stomatitis: a study protocol for a randomized
controlled trial. Trials, 18(1), p.211.
Michele, O., 2014. Implementing the commission on cancer standards for survivorship care
plans. Clinical journal of oncology nursing, 18(1), p.15.
Nash, D. B., Fabius, R. J., Clarke, J. L. and Skoufalos, A. eds., 2015. Population Health. Jones &
Bartlett Publishers.
Pollock, J. J., MacKay, B .J. and Denepitiya, L., 2014, November. Anti-Candida properties of
natural salivary histidine-rich and synthetic histidine peptides: relevance to denture
stomatitis. In Protides of the Biological Fluids: Proceedings of the Thirty-Second
Colloquium, 1984 (Vol. 32, p. 309). Elsevier.
ProCESS Investigators, 2014. A randomized trial of protocol-based care for early septic shock. N
Engl J Med, 2014(370), pp.1683-1693.
World Health Organization, 2016. Consolidated guidelines on the use of antiretroviral drugs for
treating and preventing HIV infection: recommendations for a public health approach.
World Health Organization.
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Online:
Improving dental and oral care 2014 [Online] Available through
<https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/imp-dent-care.pdf.
Mouth Conditions, Denture stomatitis (Thrush) 2018 [Online] Available through <
https://www.dentalhealth.org/tell-me-about/topic/mouth-conditions/denture-stomatitis-
thrush>
Removable Dentures 2018 [Online] Available through < https://dentalworks.com/Removable-
Dentures>
.
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