Critical Appraisal of Post-Operative Mortality Research in Healthcare

This essay provides a comprehensive critical appraisal of a research paper investigating post-operative mortality, missed care, and nurse staffing across nine countries. The study employed a cross-sectional design to examine the relationship between nurse staffing levels, missed care, and patient mortality following surgery. The essay delves into the research problem, which highlights the significance of post-operative complications and their impact on patient outcomes. It analyzes the research design, methods, and findings, including the identification of missed care as a factor contributing to increased mortality rates. The study used data from hospitals in nine European countries, focusing on patients undergoing general, orthopaedic, and vascular surgeries. The findings reveal the importance of adequate nursing staff and proper care practices in reducing post-operative complications and improving patient outcomes. The essay concludes by discussing the relevance of these findings to contemporary nursing policy and practice, emphasizing the need for strategies to address missed care and optimize staffing levels to enhance patient safety and healthcare quality. The provided paper is a past assignment solution available on Desklib, which provides AI-powered study tools for students.

Nursing

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
RESEARCH PROBLEM.................................................................................................................1
RESEARCH DESIGN.....................................................................................................................2
RESEARCH METHODS................................................................................................................2
FINDINGS.......................................................................................................................................3
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................4
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................5

INTRODUCTION
Post operative mortality refers to death rate occurrence due to severe condition of patient
after surgery regarding their surgical wound or other relevant injury (Needleman, 2016). It
includes the problems and issue take place during the surgical process which impact severely
after the operation that may acquire a complex appearance which results into death. In context of
this research paper, it is based on the of post-operative mortality, missed care and nurse staffing
in nine countries with the help of using cross sectional study to gain appropriate findings. This
article will focus on significance of the selected problem of mortality rate after surgery among
patients and missed care along with design and methods is the study.
RESEARCH PROBLEM
The research problem of give article is post-operative mortality, missed care and nurse
staffing in nine countries. It includes to analyse about post-operative mortality among individuals
for eliminating the severity. However, it has been analysed that case mix adjustment morality
rates are observed for becoming general indication of effectiveness in health & social care. The
variation is analysed in context of Post-operative mortality rates which are linked with
differences in staffing levels of registered nursing staff. Basically, it is identified that
complications as well as mortality rates are considered as performance metrics in various
healthcare systems in regards to care institutions as well as individual surgeons. It is not clear
about the extent of variation regarding deaths of people across healthcare organisations in respect
of differences in post surgical care. It has been analysed that care institution with high or low
mortality rates are evaluated for having almost same rates of of complexities related to
postoperative condition (Ball and et. al., 2019). The post operative complications are responsible
for increasing death rates in hospitals after surgery varies substantially. However, it is required to
hire well experienced and skilled nursing staff for providing post care after conducting the entire
process of operation. It will facilitate to reduce the complications and enhance patient outcomes
respectively. The significance of selected research problem is to evaluate various risk factors
facilitating post-operative complications to make effective strategies for eliminating the for
reducing the relevant mortality rates among patient in hospitals.
On the other hand, missed care can be defined as practice of missing any desired clinical
aspect to be done with patient due to which complicatiB09247on may occur. It includes that
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many times carelessness and less concentration of care professionals is responsible for missed
care that can create complexities in case of people and mortality rate. However, it has been
analysed that lack of communication may create same situation which is required to improve by
proper efforts of hospital management. In addition to this, improper information sharing is
another factors which develop postoperative complications. While in another study the aim is to
benchmark educational preparation, job satisfaction, occupational burnout, intention to leave and
working surrounding of nurses in Australian Magnet services and the reliability factor will also
be determined for comparing the issue of nursing outcome.
RESEARCH DESIGN
The cross sectional study has been utilised in order to carry out appropriate investigation
for given research problem. It can be considered as an observation research design in which it is
required for an investigator to measure the results and exposure in study respondents at the same
time. Initially, this kind of study take place at the single point of time and it does not engage
manipulating variables. However, it is responsible for allowing the investigator for looking at
the numerous features at once including income, gender, age etc. it can be often utilised for
looking at the prevailing characteristics in the selected group of individuals and it is accountable
for providing data about what is happening in a present population (McHugh and Stimpfel,
2012). The cross sectional study is used because it is not expensive & fast, it permit different
variables in research and pave the way for further investigation. Meanwhile, it is much
favourable to analyse the post operative risk factors which are responsible for developing
extreme complications that results into deaths of patients. It will facilitate to find ways of
reducing this problematic aspects for improving the condition of mortality rates. The design
which are used in another study is cross sectional survey, the demographic factors are included.
The job satisfaction and intent to work in current hospital has been gone through.
RESEARCH METHODS
The research methods used in this investigation was observation study in order to explore
the relationship among nursing staff, missed care and mortality. It includes the criterion of
evaluating about relationship between missed care and mortality with the help of carried out
mediation analysis to determine the same. It is favourable explain about link among nurse
staffing levels and mortality. The group of hospital patient was used and administrative
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information of hospitals for conduct survey of nursing staff of around 300 healthcare
organisations in nine European countries such as Belgium, England, Finland, Ireland, the
Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland. The information of these hospitals are
based on several factors including bed size, available technology and teaching status and other
data is about 422730 patients who are aged more than 50 years. These individuals are selected
from wards who undergone general, orthopaedic and vascular surgeries. The primary measure
was about to analyse the mortality and related aspects among the selected population. However,
the important aspects which is considered to be focused in this investigation was missed care due
to which mostly patient complications occurs and results into death (Vincent and Amalberti,
2016). It is observed that number of factors are considered by research are skin care, oral
hygiene, pain management, treatments and procedures, administering medication on time,
frequently changing the patient’s position, comforting/talking with patients, educating patients
and family, preparing patients and families for discharge, developing or updating nursing care
plans/care pathways, documenting nursing care, planning care and adequate patient surveillance.
In addition to this, the important factors are involved in this investigation such staffing of
nursing staff, nurse education and working atmosphere for nurse that may impact negatively on
their performance and develop post-operative complexities (Kalisch, Xie and Dabney, 2013). It
includes to take reviews from respondents about the attempt of nursing staff for providing direct
patient care for calculated appropriate outcome. Meanwhile, the education level can be measured
with the help of analysing their knowledge level which was carried out to analyse actual
findings. It is observed that working environment was also analysed with the help of utilising the
'Practice Environment Scale'. The methods which are used in the report for setting nurses
benchmarks are Maslach Burnout Inventory which aids in exploring nurses engagement,
emotional exhaustion and personal achievement in 2004 nurses.
FINDINGS
Considering the given research article, it has been founded that the mean of selected 300
hospital mortality rates before case mix was measured to be 1.3%. In context of selected nine
nations, around 25.6% nursing activities were analysed that reported for missed care on the last
shirt of working. However, the relevance of findings with findings contemporary nursing policy
and practice is observed that current clinical procedures as well as practices are improved.
Moreover, it has been evaluated that missed care conduct is observed by registered nurse due to
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lack of time which is potentially linked with mortality among surgical cases of patients in
hospitals. It is identified that individuals fie due to not getting proper care which is analysed by
conducting study of 400000 patients and 2500 nurses. On the other hand from the report of
benchmarking nurse outcome in Australian Magnet hospitals 86% of participants were satisfied
with their recent work and position, 88% nurses had no purpose of resigning their jobs along
with this all participants rated the hospital high in all aspects. In personal accomplishment and
depersonalisation less burnout were observed than emotional aspect.
CONCLUSION
From the above discussion, it has been concluded that postoperative complications can be
defined as severe injuries or wounds after completing surgical process which results into
mortality. The post operative complications are associated with missed care which attempt by
nursing staff in healthcare institutions. However, it consist that lack of time and lack of
immediate care is responsible for death rate of patients during post-operative situation.
Moreover, it consist to provide education to nursing staff for managing their and attend patient
appropriately to avoid complications.
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REFERENCES
Books and journals
Kalisch, B.J., Xie, B. and Dabney, B.W., 2013. Patient-reported missed nursing care correlated
with adverse events. Am. J. Med. Qual 1062860613501715.
McHugh, M.D. and Stimpfel, A.W., 2012. Nurse reported quality of care: a measure of hospital
quality. Res. Nurs. Health 35 (6), 566–575.
Needleman, J., 2016. The economic case for fundamental nursing care. Nurs. Leadersh.
(Toronto, Ont.) 29 (1), 26.
Vincent, C. and Amalberti, R., 2016. Safer Healthcare Strategies for the Real World.
SpringerOpen.
Online
Ball J. E. and et. al., 2019. Post-operative mortality, missed care and nurse staffing in nine
countries: A cross-sectional study. [Online]. Available
through:<https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5826775/>
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