Analysis of PTSD: Research Report on Causes and Treatments

This report provides an overview of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), examining its impact on individuals and the general public. It explores the connection between PTSD and suicidal ideation, self-harm, and interpersonal issues, supported by various longitudinal and cross-sectional studies. The report highlights the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapies (CBT) and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) as first-line treatments, while also acknowledging the challenges in accessing these evidence-based interventions. The literature review includes studies on developmental trauma, intimate partner violence, war trauma, and the impact of PTSD on veterans and children. The annotated bibliography focuses on articles related to developmental trauma, co-occurrence of abuse, and PTSD in veterans. The abstract summarizes the study's aim to understand the causes and incidence of PTSD in various populations, including veterans, victims of sexual abuse, and physically abused individuals, emphasizing the role of violence in the development of PTSD. The report also considers psychosocial measures to mitigate the effects of PTSD, such as suicidal attempts and self-harm behaviors.

RUNNING HEAD: POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER
POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER
PART 2
RESEARCH PAPER OUTLINE
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Table of Contents
PART 2.......................................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................2
LITERATURE REVIEW...........................................................................................................3
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY............................................................................................4
ABSTRACT...............................................................................................................................4

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PART 2
INTRODUCTION
PTSD has given a considerable effect on the individual and the general public. There
has been developing proof showing that, among these Anxiety issue, the PTSD is one of the
most firmly connected with any suicidal attitude or self-harm conduct, even subsequent to
modifying for different types of classifications in I and II mental disorders. Various kinds of
data from a few longitudinal type and cross-sectional type of scientific studies have
reproduced these clinical findings. Around twenty seven of the persons with PTSD
additionally and truly conflict with perspectives relating to interpersonal communication,
have difficult parenting issues, and any number of decreases inside the household salary with
psychological wellness comorbidities.
Like other types of critical mental issues, the treatment of PTSD ordinarily requires a
mix of the mental (psychological) and the pharmacological treatment. The psychological
interventions for PTSD is considered as the first-line of treatment in the PTSD situations and
have been appeared to have bigger impact estimates in the randomized control trials than any
pharmacotherapy levels. Cognitive behavioral therapies (Brown et al., 2018) alongside with
ocular movement desensitization with the best evidence based reprocessing treatment is more
compelling than various randomized control trials that have demonstrated huge decreases in
the prevalence of PTSD side effects (Cordova, Riba & Spiegel, 2017). Be that as it may, for
most patients with PTSD, access to prove based treatments is not that simple attributable to a
predetermined number of prepared advisors. There is a critical need to consider novel
approaches to make the CBT increasingly applicable. As of late, RCT in essential
consideration showed the adequacy of conveying Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for
nervousness issue in cases of PTSD by the insignificantly prepared concerned clinicians is a

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huge question. An essential consideration given by clinicians had negligible preparing in
Cognitive behavioral therapy and conveyed measure of CBT with the very help of the patient
care program. These kinds of novel methodologies for conveying EBP treatments to huge
populaces require replication in Canadian settings.
LITERATURE REVIEW
The set of articles to be used in the literature are as follows:-
1. Van der Kolk (2017) aims to study ‘Developmental Trauma Disorder: Toward a rational
diagnosis for children with complex trauma histories’.
2. Pico-Alfonso et al. (2006) aims to study ‘The Impact of Physical, Psychological, and
Sexual Intimate Male Partner Violence on Women's Mental Health: Depressive Symptoms,
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, State Anxiety, and Suicide’.
3. Campbell et al. (2008) aimed to study ‘The co-occurrence of childhood sexual abuse, adult
sexual assault, intimate partner violence, and sexual harassment: A meditational model of
posttraumatic stress disorder and physical health outcomes’.
4. Hautamäki & Coleman (2001) aims to give ‘explanation for low prevalence of PTSD
among older Finnish war veterans: social solidarity and continued significance given to
wartime sufferings’.
5. Raji et al. (2015) aimed to study ‘Functional neuroimaging with default mode sociological
regions distinguishes PTSD from TBI in a military veteran population’.
6. Johnston (2000) aims to study ‘A series of cases of dementia presenting with PTSD
symptoms in World War II combat veterans’.

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7. Koven (2017) aims to study ‘PTSD and suicides amongst Veterans - Recent Findings. In
this study the military people coming back from battlefield’s were given focus and studied for
economic, ethical and sociopsychological consequences’.
8. Thabet, Thabet & Vostanis (2016) aims to study ‘The relationship between War Trauma,
PTSD, Depression, and Anxiety among Palestinian Children in the Gaza Strip’.
ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY
The list of articles chosen for annotated bibliography are as follows:-
1. Article name: ‘Developmental Trauma Disorder: Toward a rational diagnosis for children
with complex trauma histories’
2. Article name: The co-occurrence of childhood sexual abuse, adult sexual assault, intimate
partner violence, and sexual harassment
3. Article name: PTSD and Suicides Amongst Veterans—Recent Findings
ABSTRACT
This study aims to understand the causation and incidence of post-traumatic stress
disorder also known as PTSD in wart veterans, sexually abused and victimized people, and
physically abused people and how violence plays a huge etiological role in development of
PTSD in later stages of life or rather after the violent episode has passed away. The various
psychological tools and sociological tools have been applied in the recent decades to analyze
the affection of individual with post-traumatic stress disorder (Blessing et al., 2018). This
research study actively engages in understanding the other researches already performed in
the same area of study and takes into account, the reasoning and revelations made by medical
and psychological literature, in the recent decades. In this study, a population of veterans, old
people, young women and children are focused in order to understand the deepest aspects of

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psychological, physical and sexual trauma inflicted. The study takes into perspective, various
psychological, social aspects and finds out the psychosocial measures that can be helpful to
eliminate the dreadful effects of PTSD – two of which can be signified as suicidal attempts
and self-harm behaviors as well.

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References
Blessing, E., Maron-Katz, A., de los Angeles, C., Abu-Amara, D., Li, M., Qian, M., ... &
Marmar, C. (2018). F25. PTSD is Associated With Reduced Anterior and Posterior
Hippocampal Connectivity in Combat Veterans. Biological Psychiatry, 83(9), S246-
S247.
Brown, W. J., Dewey, D., Bunnell, B. E., Boyd, S. J., Wilkerson, A. K., Mitchell, M. A., &
Bruce, S. E. (2018). A critical review of negative affect and the application of CBT
for PTSD. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 19(2), 176-194.
Cordova, M. J., Riba, M. B., & Spiegel, D. (2017). Post-traumatic stress disorder and
cancer. The Lancet Psychiatry, 4(4), 330-338.