University Essay: Potential Venture for Vaccine Hesitancy Analysis

This essay critically evaluates the social opportunities associated with a potential venture aimed at addressing vaccine hesitancy. It explores opportunity generation, recognition, and the start-up process, while identifying factors that influence venture success. The essay defines vaccine hesitancy, referencing it as a major global health threat and discusses the controversies, ethical, medical, and legal issues surrounding vaccination. It highlights the importance of high vaccine uptake rates for community immunity, the behavioral aspects of vaccine hesitancy, and the distinction between hesitancy and lack of access to vaccines. The essay provides a critical analysis of the need for vaccination and how to address the issues related to vaccine hesitancy. The importance of immunization to minimize the spread of harmful diseases and initiatives that should be taken by WHO are also discussed.

Running head: POTENTIAL VENTURE FOR VACCINE HESITANCY
POTENTIAL VENTURE FOR VACCINE HESITANCY
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

1POTENTIAL VENTURE FOR VACCINE HESITANCY
Introduction
In this essay, the main aim or objective of the discussion will be to critically evaluate
the social opportunities attached with the potential venture for vaccine hesitancy. A critical
understanding will be there in the context of opportunity generation, recognition and the
process for the venture start-up. The factors will also be identified which will help to
influence the successful potential for new ventures.
Vaccine Hesitation
The term vaccine hesitation can be termed as the refusal or reluctance to receive the
vaccination or to provide vaccination to one’s children. It has been identified as one of the
top ten health threats of 2019 globally by the World Health Organization. Controversies
against vaccination are countered by overpowering scientific general agreements in context
of the safety and efficiency of vaccines. Hesitancy in providing the vaccinations results from
public arguments around the ethical, medical and legal issues related to vaccines. The
specific assumptions or theories lifted by anti-vaccination backers have been found to change
or alter over time. Vaccine hesitancy frequently develops in disease outbreaks and deaths
from vaccine-preventable diseases, and this is a common scenario in almost each and every
part of the world. Bills for compulsory vaccination have been considered for legislation,
which includes California Senate Bill 277 and Australia's No Jab No Pay. All these bills have
been strongly conflicted by anti-vaccination activists. Opposition to compulsory vaccination
generally based on sentiments related to anti-vaccine, or interest that it breaches civil
liberties or minimizes public trust in vaccination. Vaccines work at both the individual as
well as community level in the society. Several vaccine preventable diseases can be
eliminated if vaccination is used in communities for broader aspect, and some diseases can

2POTENTIAL VENTURE FOR VACCINE HESITANCY
also be removed, though no vaccine is 100% effective. Vaccine hesitancy is often associated
with vaccine safety concerns (Dubé et al 2013).
Social Opportunities
High vaccine comeback or uptake rates specified to each vaccine preventable disease,
are required for immunity purposes in the community level which is needed to be achieved as
well as sustained in order to minimize the risk factor related to the disease, beyond the what
prediction of the vaccine coverage. There may be subgroups or assembled pockets where the
rates of uptake are lower than the required rate which is needed to protect of the community
in the countries with completely high rates for vaccine uptake. In the last decade, those
pockets have been associated with outbreaks of diseases like pertussis, mumps, haemophilus
influenza b, measles and polio in countries where these diseases had previously been
controlled. It has been seen that the indications which demonstrates the benefits the
immunization of the diseases are amazing. It has been found from the researches that it is one
of the most cost-effective as well as successful interventions to develop the health outcomes
(Sadaf et al 2013). Vaccine hesitancy can be termed as a behavioral phenomenon. It has been
recognized that the vaccine hesitancy happens along a continuation between the full
acceptances, which includes high demand for vaccination, as well as outright rejection of
some or all the vaccines. Vaccine hesitancy may occur where the vaccine uptake is low
because of the present of the issues like lack of vaccine offer, missing vaccine program
communication, lack of vaccine, occurrence of natural disasters or similar kind of situations,
stock-outs, impossible distances to reach the immunization clinics and other issues. These
kind of situations where the individuals as well as the communities lack the opportunities to
either accept or refuse the process of vaccination usually fall outside the scope of vaccine
hesitancy. In the low uptake scenarios, where the major factor is the lack of available
services, vaccine hesitancy can be present but the priority in that cases would be to address

3POTENTIAL VENTURE FOR VACCINE HESITANCY
the failure of the system that would limit the access of the vaccine as well as the availability
of them. Vaccine hesitancy happens on the continuation between the demand for high vaccine
and complete vaccine
Refusal, that is, the person who is not demanding availability as well as has been offered the
vaccines, but rather is uncertain about receiving some or all vaccines in agreement with the
recommended schedule ever (Wilson, Atkinson and Deeks 2014).
Critical Analysis
It is very much important to define the scope or the opportunities in context of
vaccine hesitancy and differentiating the hesitancy from other various reasons. The
individuals as well as the communities in and around the world have to understand the need
for vaccination, which is not at all harmful. Vaccination will definitely minimize the spread
of the harmful diseases, if not help to stop that. These will provide only benefit to the society
in larger prospect. It has been found from the researches that the it is very much important to
address the demand-building approaches, as tackling the issues related to vaccine hesitancy
needs more engagement as well as tailored approaches, beyond the intention for generating
the demand. For example, there was a major measles outbreak in the area of North Dublin,
Ireland, in between late 1999 and summer of 2000. During that time, the level of the national
immunization had fallen below the rate of 80%. In some parts of the North of Dublin, the rate
was as low as 60%. There were more than 100 people who were admitted to different hospital
from over 300 cases (Salmon et al 2015). Three children died during the outbreak and several
were seriously ill, some of them even required mechanical ventilation to recover from the
disease. Difficulties is everywhere and it will be faced in this particular scenario too, but
policies, rules and regulations need to be adopted and precautionary measures need to be
taken by all the government institutions so that it becomes mandatory and whoever will

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violate the rules and regulations related with taking the vaccine will be penalized, so that no
vaccine hesitancy situation happens. The importance of the immunization need to be spread
among the people around the world and the initiatives should be taken by WHO. This will
help to minimize the risks for the outbreak of severe diseases, and to help the people to live in
a disease-free world (Larson 2013).
References
Dubé, E., Laberge, C., Guay, M., Bramadat, P., Roy, R. and Bettinger, J.A., 2013. Vaccine
hesitancy: an overview. Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 9(8), pp.1763-1773.
Dubé, E., Vivion, M. and MacDonald, N.E., 2015. Vaccine hesitancy, vaccine refusal and the
anti-vaccine movement: influence, impact and implications. Expert review of vaccines, 14(1),
pp.99-117.
Larson, H.J., 2013. Negotiating vaccine acceptance in an era of reluctance. Human vaccines
& immunotherapeutics, 9(8), pp.1779-1781.
Larson, H.J., Jarrett, C., Eckersberger, E., Smith, D.M. and Paterson, P., 2014. Understanding
vaccine hesitancy around vaccines and vaccination from a global perspective: a systematic
review of published literature, 2007–2012. Vaccine, 32(19), pp.2150-2159.
Sadaf, A., Richards, J.L., Glanz, J., Salmon, D.A. and Omer, S.B., 2013. A systematic review
of interventions for reducing parental vaccine refusal and vaccine hesitancy. Vaccine, 31(40),
pp.4293-4304.
Salmon, D.A., Dudley, M.Z., Glanz, J.M. and Omer, S.B., 2015. Vaccine hesitancy: causes,
consequences, and a call to action. Vaccine, 33, pp.D66-D71.
Stahl, J.P., Cohen, R., Denis, F., Gaudelus, J., Martinot, A., Lery, T. and Lepetit, H., 2016.
The impact of the web and social networks on vaccination. New challenges and opportunities

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offered to fight against vaccine hesitancy. Medecine et maladies infectieuses, 46(3), pp.117-
122.
Wilson, K., Atkinson, K. and Deeks, S., 2014. Opportunities for utilizing new technologies to
increase vaccine confidence. Expert review of vaccines, 13(8), pp.969-977.