P2416589 Dissertation: Power Generation from IC Engine Exhaust Gases

This dissertation, authored by Divyesh Gamechi (Student ID: P2416589), explores the feasibility of power generation using exhaust gases from internal combustion engines. Guided by Professor Rick Greenough, the project delves into various methods, including thermoelectric generators, Rankine cycles, and Stirling cycles, to recover and convert waste heat into usable electrical energy. The dissertation includes an introduction to IC engines, discusses the importance of power generation, and examines the advantages and applications of different techniques. It focuses on the selection and design of a thermoelectric generator, detailing its components, operational principles, and experimental setup. The results section presents experimental findings, followed by conclusions, references, and a discussion of future scope. The abstract highlights the need for improved vehicle efficiency, the energy wasted in exhaust gases, and the potential of thermoelectric generators to generate electricity for various applications like LED indicators, electronic flashers, and mobile chargers. Keywords like 'booster circuit,' 'thermoelectric generator,' and 'exhaust gases' are used to classify the study. The work also includes detailed diagrams and figures illustrating key concepts, cycles, and experimental setups. The dissertation provides a comprehensive analysis of recovering energy from the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines.

Name: Divyesh Gamechi
Student id no: P2416589
Module name: Dissertation
Topic Name: “Power generation using exhaust gases of Internal combustion engine”
Guided by: - Professor Rick Greenough
SR. NO. TITLE PAGE
NO.
1 ABSTRACT 2
2 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 3

1.1 INTRODUCTION OF I.C. ENGINE
1.1.1 The Four Stroke Diesel Engine
1.1.2 Introduction of Gasoline of IC engine
1.1.3Exhaust gases recover
1.2 IMPORTANCE OF POWER GENERATION
1.2.1 ADVANTAGES
1.2.2APPLICATIONS
3 CHAPTER 2: DIFFERENTS METHODS OF POWER GENERATION
2.1 BY VELOCITY OF EXHAUST GASES
2.2 BY THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR
2.2.2Description of the Equipment
2.3 BY RANKINE CYCLE
2.4 BY STIRLING CYCLE
4
4
Chapter 3
3.1 SELECTION OF METHOD OF POWER GENERATION
3.2 INTRODUCTION OF METHOD AND COMPONENTS
3.2.1 THERMOELECTRIC GENERATOR
3.3 Classified in two categories
10
16

3.4 P-N TYPE OF SEMICONDUCTORE
3.5 HEAT ABSORBUNT MATERIALS
3.6 PREDESIGN LEARNING (LNM)
17
5
CHAPTER 4: Design
4.1 Experimental setup
6
CHAPTER 5: Results
5.1 EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
7
CHAPTER 6 :CONCLUSION
8
CHAPTER 7: REFERENCES

9 CHAPTER 8: Future scope
LIST OF FIGURES
Sr no. Section Figure no Description
01 1.1 01
02
Air standard diesel cycle
Gasoline of IC engine
02 1.2 03 Application of TEG

03 2.1 04
05
06
07
Working principle of velocity of exhaust gas
method
Block diagram of wind turbine
Block diagram of thermocouple
unit Dynamometer
04 2.2 08
09
10
11
Thermionic principle of
operation Peltier module
TE-Generator
Booster circuit
05 2.3 12 Rankin cycle
06 2.4 13
14
15
Free piston stirling
cycle Vapour
absorption cycle
Turbocharger
07 3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
Total fuel energy content in IC
engine Percentage of fuel energy
distribution Thermionic principle
Seeback effect
Thermoelectric
generator PN type
semiconductor
Prototype of TEG
Performance of thermoelectric

25
26
material Copper heat source
Aluminium material heat
source Booster circuit
08 4.1 27
28
TEG setup (fabricated for present study)
Experimental setup for present
09 5.1 29
30
Time Vs temp difference
Temp difference Vs generated voltage
ABSTRACT
Currently, a perfect deal of the efforts of the mechanical firm is concentrated on advancement on the general
vehicle´s efficacy. Each kind of engine operates as heat engine. This engine operates by converting chemical
energy to thermal energy and when the motion of the piston is done on the heat pressure which carries air. This is
the reason why when starting a vehicle about 30% to 40 % of the energy. The amount of energy left is wasted just
as energy employed in cooling component and exhaust gases thus the efficiency is low. In this research paper there
are several kinds of methods that is employed in energy recovery as well as conversion of energy to electrical

energy to improve the operational efficiency. This paper examines the application of thermal generator for
production of energy. The generator (thermoelectric) generates waste gases steam and small Direct Current which
generates temperature as it operates. There are several coolant path of exhaust gas on impact of seebeck. From a
single module of thermocouple the output voltage ranges between 170 to 200 V for a range of temperature of 300
and 350C. The system will be capable to start the light emitting Diode, piezoelectric, mobile charger, Electronic
Flasher fuel saving and parking Horns.
Keywords: Booster Circuit, Thermoelectric generator, Exhaust gases, internal combustion engine and Temperature
of the exhaust gases.

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
• Heat engine: This is a type of engine which operates through conversion to mechanical work output from
thermal energy. Example of this involve the engine of diesel, engine of petrol and steam engine.
• For the working principle of the thermal energy to the operating fluid of the heat engine, the classification of
the heat engine as a combustion engine (CE) and an IC engine
• For an IC engine, the combustion occurs in an engine´s working fluid therefore the fluid is polluted
with the product being combusted.
- A good example of the internal combustion engine is petrol engine, in this engine the working
fluid is a combination of air and fuel.
• For an EC engine burning fuels (fossil) is employed as a working fluid, such systems do not have a
direct contact with a combustion materials.
- A good example of EC engine is a steam engine and steam is the working fluid.

Internal combustion engines may be classified as:
- Compression Ignition engine
- Spark Ignition engine
• Combustion engine CI): In this type of engine the combustion process commenced at a point where the
mixture of the fuel and air get self-ignited because of higher temperature caused by higher pressure at the
combustion chamber.
• Spark Ignition (SI): In this type of engine the process of combustion for every cycle begins through a help
of external spark.
- Both the compression Ignition and the Spark Ignition can operate either on 2 stroke and 4 stroke cycle.
1.1 STROKE OF AN I.C. ENGINE
The following are some known stroke engine cycle, these cycles operates in sequence;
 Exhaust Stroke
 Power Stroke
 Compression Stroke
 Intake Stroke
1.1.1 The Four Stroke Diesel Engine
The 4 stroke IC engine is the same as the 4 stroke engine for the petrol engine. The operation of
both the four stroke diesel and 4 stroke petrol engine follows the four operating cycles like

intake, exhaust, power and compression. These two share same exhaust and intake valves. The
efficiency of the diesel engine is higher than the efficiency for the petrol engine. The engine of
the diesel doesn’t need a system of the ignition because of the produced engine through higher
compression. The IC is a good fuel in economy and the diesel develops a higher torque as well as
a greater compression ratio.
The internal engine of a diesel varies from the petrol powered Otto cycle through using a greater fuel
compression for fuel ignition of fuel as opposed to spark plug. For the engine of diesel powered, the
compression of air is through adiabatically having a compression ratio of about 15 and 20. The compression
increases the temperature required for ignition of the mixing of fuel that is developed through fuel injection
once the air is compressed. The air standard is made through a changeable adiabatic compression which
follows a pressure which is constant. A new charge in air is allowed in at the exhaust which is illustrated in
the diagram below.
The key dissimilarity amid the Otto engine and the diesel is the fuel burnt. For a petrol engine, fuel/ air
combination enters the cylinder where it develops a stoichiometric mixture that is burnt and the developed
blaze moves from the spark to the linear. For the IC engine, the fuel mixture moves to the cylinder, self-
ignites, fuel is supplied and combusted with a flow as combustion type.

Figure 1. Air standard diesel engine cycle
1.1.2 Introduction of Gasoline of IC engine
In this research I think of the how to focus on a better efficiency of fuel in the automobile sectors. According to the
research, if the heat is provided to an internal combustion engine, the engine will reject about 30 to 35%. In case
heat wasted can be recovered of about 6 to 8% in the exhaust gases as the demand of electricity is arranged for the
automobile as well as reduction of the fuel consumption by about 15%.

Figure 2 Gasoline of IC engine
1.1.3Exhaust gases recover
As a key part of the fuel energy employs gas coming from motorbike or even a vehicle that is employed by roughly 30
to 35% as illustrated in figure 1.1. This implies a better economy for fuel which will improve the efficiency. From
the handbook of 1987 bosch automobile electric the amount of consumed electrical power which is about 800 watts.
This rated load will move the engine system then convert the exhaust gas to electrical energy. From this, my
research project in Clarkson University constructed the generator of the exhaust thermoelectric of automotive for