Power Quality Analysis, Mitigation Techniques & Implementation

This project focuses on power quality analysis and mitigation techniques. It begins by defining power quality and identifying common issues like transients, interruptions, voltage sags/swells, waveform distortion, and frequency variations. The project highlights the application of engineering knowledge and skills in problem-solving, particularly in mitigating voltage quality problems using methods such as lightning and surge arresters, thyristor-based static switches, and energy storage systems. The project details the use of Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) and STATCOM for voltage sag/swell mitigation and wind power extraction, respectively, along with the challenges faced during wind power integration into the power system and their corresponding solutions using static compensators and battery energy storage. The report concludes with a review of the project's overview and the individual's contributions, emphasizing the importance of proper documentation, system design, and issue mitigation. Desklib provides past papers and solved assignments for students.

CE 1.1 Project Information
Name of the project: Please fill
Location of the project: Please fill
Project Duration: Please Fill
Organization: Please fill
Role and Designation during the time: Team Member of the project
CE 1.2 Project Background
CE 1.2.1 Characteristics of the project
Power quality is referred to as the voltage, frequency or waveform. I made this
project for the proper identification of good power quality. It is the steady supply of voltage,
which stays in a prescribed range. I even checked the smooth waveform of voltage curve in
this scenario. The compatibility of the electric outlet as well as the loads was considered by
me in this project. I eventually mitigated several problems of power quality. Since, this
project was the first important project in my engineering career; I paid major attention to the
outcome of the project. The various equipments of power electronics like Flexible AC
Transmission Systems or FACTS, technologies of Customer Power ad HVDC or High
Voltage DC were utilized for addressing the operating issues within this project.
CE 1.2.2 Objectives developed for the project
This project of Please fill comprises of various significant objectives. They are as
follows:
 To understand the concept of power quality and identify good power quality.
 To mitigate the operating challenges of power quality with three unique techniques

CE 1.2.3 My area of work
During the execution of this project, I had to understand the entire project at first. I
did not have clear idea regarding power quality. However, with the help of my fellow team
members and project supervisor, I was able to clear all my doubts. My main area of work was
to document the project report properly. My next area of work was to make the circuit of the
power. I had to implement and utilize my technical capabilities within the project and thus I
was successful in executing my areas of works properly. I had even coordinated with my
team of project management for the clarification of all the doubts and confusions about the
work of the project.

CE 1.2.4 Project Group
Figure 1: People involved in the project
CE 1.2.5 My responsibilities throughout the project
I had various roles and responsibilities in this particular project. I had under taken
relevant research on the project study. I had investigated the concept of power quality
perfectly. Next, I had to test all the procedures that were needed in this project work. My next
responsibility was to assist my project supervisor in the project. Moreover, I even helped the
other team members in executing their roles or duties. I also organized weekly team meetings
so that we can have a proper follow up of our project. Mitigation of various challenges or
issues was another significant responsibility in our project.

CE 1.3 Distinctive Activity
CE 1.3.1 Comprehending the theory of the project
Power quality is the proper capability of various utilities for the purpose of providing
of electric power without any type of interruption. I had noted that there are seven distinct
types of problems in power quality. They are as follows:
i) Transients: This is considered as the most damaging kind of power disturbance.
There are two specific categories, which are impulsive and oscillatory. The impulsive
transient is a sudden peak event, which helps to raise the current or voltage level. This can
either be in positive or in negative direction. The speed of these transients is extremely high
and the duration is lesser.
The second type is oscillatory transient. It is the sudden alteration of positive and
negative signal limit. This helps in swelling and then shrinking very rapidly. An oscillatory
transient results because the load resists the change.
ii) Interruptions: It is the total loss of load current or supply voltage. Interruptions are
categorized as sustained, instantaneous, temporary and momentary. Different ranges are there
for different types of interruptions.
iii) Voltage Sag: The third type of power quality is voltage sag. It is the reduction of
the AC voltage in a provided frequency for duration from 0.5 to 1 minute. These are caused
by faults in systems and often result in heavy start up current.
iv) Voltage Swell: The fourth type of power quality is voltage swell. It is the exact
reverse form of sag. Swell helps in increasing AC voltage for duration from 0.5 to 1 minute.
The major sources are single-phase fault, high-impedance neutral connections and sudden
reduction in load. Thus, data error is common here.

v) Waveform distortion: There are five types of waveform distortion. They are DC
offset, harmonics, inter harmonics, notching and noise. Each of these is responsible for a
proper waveform distortion and should be mitigated on an immediate basis. Various
mitigation techniques and methods are present for these.
vi) Voltage fluctuations: It is the systematic variation in voltage waveform or the
series of changes in voltage. The frequency is much lower here and is kept under 25 Hz.
vii) Frequency variations: The last type is frequency variation. When the generator is
loaded immensely, the motor runs either faster or slower for matching the frequency of
power.
Apart understanding the theory of the project properly, I was able to execute this
project with utmost perfection and error free.
CE 1.3.2 Engineering knowledge and skills applied in the project
I have outstanding skills of problem solving and as the student of electrical
engineering; I have the power of critical thinking. This power helps me to be sure that the
entire project is executed systematically. I also have the knowledge to completely influence
the instruments related to electrical department by simply testing of all the electrical
components and currents. I have excellent skills of interpersonal communication that help me
in interacting with my project team members and also project supervisor. Many a times I had
faced such situations where I had to plan and prioritize all the project works by managing
cost and schedule of the project, however, I solved those problems with my engineering
skills.

CE 1.3.3 Accomplishment and task performed
I made sure that the project was accomplished with perfection. For solving the
voltage quality problems, we utilized three important measures. The first is lightening and
surge arresters, the second is thyristor based static switches and the third is energy storage
system. I was not sure about the selection of method in mitigating the voltage sags and swell
in the beginning of our project. However, I selected customer power device or Flexible AC
Transmission Systems or FACTS for this purpose. FACTS help in controlling the power flow
and thus enhancing the stability of the system. I even understood that the major aspect of
FACTS device is to improve transient power system.
Figure 2: Operational limits of transmissions lines for different voltage levels
I had utilized STATCOM for the wind power extraction with batteries. The modelling
of STATCOM was done with VSI or voltage source inverter.

Figure 3: Basic Structure of STATCOM
Our system of wind energy was utilized for charging the battery and was controlled
by current control mode.

Figure 4: Circuit of Wind Generator with battery storage
My STATCOM based current control voltage inverter injected current to grid, where
the source current was harmonic free and the phase difference consisted of value. I
implemented the system for improving power quality at PCC or power of common coupling.
I had also used the hysteresis current controller for generating switching signals in such a
way that harmonic current was cancelled within system. The wind power exchange was
regulated across the dc bus having energy storage and was made available under the steady
state condition. The battery energy storage provided rapid response and enhanced
performance in output of the wind turbine.
CE 1.3.4 Identified issues and their solutions
1.3.4.1 Issues
Although our project was successful, I had faced various issues. The first and the most
important issue in this project was the integration of wind power in the power system. The
other problems faced in this particular project, mainly include active control of power,
control of voltage and reactive power, voltage and frequency operating ranges and fault ride
through capability.
1.3.4.2 Solutions
However, in spite of having such problems, I was able to solve them with ease. For
the purpose of controlling the above mentioned issues or challenges, I proposed using static
compensator or storage of battery energy. These helped in mitigating the problems we were
facing and thus the project was not delayed any further. I was well appreciated by my
supervisor and team members for mitigating the issues.

CE 1.3.5 Plan to produce creative and innovative work
The plan I had during this project was to segregate out tasks properly, so that there is
no problem in understanding each other’s tasks. The devices, which are used within the
power system, make sure that the fault within the equipment is eliminated quickly.
CE 1.4 Project Review
CE 1.4.1 Project Overview
This project of wind conversion with battery energy storage was my first major
project in engineering career. A proper system for converting wind energy with the help of
battery storage was checked here. Moreover, identification of good power quality was done
here. Problems related to power quality were also removed here.
CE 1.4.2 My contribution to work
I was an important member in this project. I made the documentation properly and
made sure that the project was not delayed. I even made the design of the system and
arranged for team meetings. Furthermore, I mitigated the various issues faced here.