Comprehensive Report: Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) and PCOS Analysis

This report provides a comprehensive overview of Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), detailing their symptoms, potential causes, and various management strategies. The report begins by defining PMS, highlighting its physical and emotional symptoms, and discussing the hormonal imbalances and other factors that contribute to its development. It also addresses the diagnostic challenges and treatment options, including lifestyle adjustments and medication. The report then shifts to PCOS, explaining its impact on hormonal levels, menstrual cycles, and fertility, along with its potential long-term health implications. It explores the diagnostic criteria and available treatments, such as medication and lifestyle changes. The report emphasizes the importance of understanding these conditions for effective management and improved women's health, offering a comparative analysis of the two syndromes and providing valuable insights for healthcare professionals and students alike. Furthermore, the report includes a detailed reference list for further research.

Body Integrity
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Table of Contents
Answer 1..........................................................................................................................................3
Answer 2..........................................................................................................................................4
Answer 3..........................................................................................................................................5
Answer 4..........................................................................................................................................6
References........................................................................................................................................7
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Answer 1
There are many women in the world feeling some mood and physical changes before few days of
menstruation. If these types of activity continue month after month then it affects the normal life
of a woman which is known as premenstrual syndrome (PMS). PMS can be defined as a
condition where the physical and emotional changes have been seen. These types of symptoms
have been seen 14 days before menstruation (Mikacich, 2008). When the allopregnanolone level
is low, the aggression of woman increases. The activity of the serotonergic level in the brain can
be affected by the progesterone and estrogen. Some basic symptoms of premenstrual syndromes
are breast tenderness, headache, depression, confusion etc. the causes of premenstrual syndrome
is still unknown. The production of progesterone is the main reason for premenstrual disorders.
Though, these traditional theories were failed.
In the case of Tracey Wilson, it has been seen that she has premenstrual syndrome. There are
many differences are exists in case of asymptomatic and symptomatic premenstrual disorders in
women. A progesterone level of every woman cannot vary. Calcium and magnesium deficiencies
are some nutritional causes of PMS. The progesterone and estrogen level is similar for every
woman as they have PMS or without PMS. Quick shifts of these hormones can produce physical
and emotional changes in a woman (Rapkin & Akopians, 2012). Stress management and
behavioral counseling can help the PMS patients to avoid more aggression and anxiety. In PMS,
women have no control over their physical activity and emotions. So, it can be said that Tracey
Wilson is a critical patient of PMS.
Answer 2.
Premenstrual syndrome is a kind of situation, which influence the emotions, behavior and
physical health of women prior to the menstrual cycle. Premenstrual syndrome is an extremely
common situation that mainly affects aggregately eight five proportion of menstruating females.
It starts before the menstruation about 5 to 11 days and gets away when menstruation starts. For
some women, the emotional, as well as physical stress, was that much rigorous to affect their
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day-to-day lives. The little number of women that possess premenstrual syndrome have to deal
with the disabling symptoms each and every month (Aara, 2018). Thus, this kind of premenstrual
syndrome is known as a premenstrual dysphoric disorder. The signs of premenstrual syndrome
consist of mood swings, anxiety, depression, anger, difficulty in concentrating, feelings of
overwhelming, tension and irritability. The researcher believes it is related to the change in
serotonin level and in sex hormone at the commencement of menstrual period. Thus, some
factors lead towards this condition such as:
 Repeated changes in sex hormone: The symptoms and signs of premenstrual syndrome
amend with the fluctuations of hormones and it vanishes during pregnancy with
menopause.
 Chemical amendment within the brain: Serotonin fluctuations is a kind of brain chemical
that plays a significant role in the frame of mind, it could trigger the symptoms of
premenstrual syndrome. The inadequate quantity of serotonin can lead towards
premenstrual depression along with food cravings, fatigue as well as sleeping problems
(Doyle, Ewald & Ewald, 2007).
 Depression: Number of females dealing with rigorous premenstrual syndrome possesses
undiagnosed depression, even though depression would not cause the entire symptoms.
Answer 3
Polycystic ovary syndrome is a situation, which influences the hormonal level in females. The
women that are dealing with polycystic ovary syndrome produces a higher amount of men
hormones than normal. This direct towards hormonal imbalance which leads them to miss out
the menstrual cycle and make it difficult for them in order to become pregnant. It is a sort of
hormonal problem that has an effect on women during the period of childbearing. This ovary
syndrome leads to excess hair growth on their body and on their face or leads to baldness. The
polycystic ovary syndrome can also contribute towards the long-lasting health difficulties such as
heart disease and diabetes (Sirmans & Pate, 2013). The women’s ovaries get affected that
produces progesterone and estrogen hormones, which controls the menstrual period. Some
diabetes drugs, as well as birth control medicines, could help the women dealing with polycystic
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ovary syndrome in order to fix the imbalance of hormonal changes and helps in improving the
symptoms.
On the other hand, premenstrual syndrome is a state of specific psychological as well as physical
features. It mainly happens in the ending half of female menstrual period. The precise reason for
the premenstrual syndrome is not been identified yet but it is supposed to be linked with the
interactions of both brain chemistry as well as sex hormones (AUBUCHON & LEGRO, 2011).
This syndrome could be distinguished from various other disorders, which produces identical
symptoms. In some conditions, the premenstrual syndrome could be differentiated from early
symptoms of pregnancy.
Answer 4
There are no particular lab tests are available that can diagnose the Premenstrual syndrome.
Some common medication can control the physical and emotional activity of the women who are
affected by premenstrual syndrome. Antidepressants can be a good option for the women as it
helps to reduce the mood swing symptoms. Sertraline, paroxetine, and fluoxetine are some good
options for the PMS patient to control the mood swing activity before menstruation. These
medications are commonly taken daily basis. These types of medication can vary from women to
women (O'Brien, Rapkin & Schmidt, 2007). Naproxen sodium or ibuprofen are known as
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs which are very important for the women who have breast
tenderness. Hormonal contraceptives are also a good option to stop ovulation. These types of
contraceptives can provide relief to the PMS symptoms patients.
The primary step to manage premenstrual syndrome is to improve the individual’s healthy
lifestyle. This comprises consuming a balanced diet, managing stress, exercising along with
some mineral supplements as well as vitamins. The individual need to consume a diet, which has
low saturated fat and affluent in whole grains. The individual should not indulge in consuming
alcohol, caffeine, sugar, and salt, mainly prior to the beginning of the menstrual cycle (Haugen &
Musser, 2012). The women should drink lots and lots of water along with fluid substances. The
females who very commonly indulged in the activities related to aerobic exercises as a minimum
three times on a weekly basis is likely to have fewer symptoms of the premenstrual cycle.
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References
Aara, S. (2018). Premenstrual Syndrome and Its Effects. Journal Of Medical Science And
Clinical Research, 6(1). doi: 10.18535/jmscr/v6i1.116
AUBUCHON, M., & LEGRO, R. (2011). Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Clinical Obstetrics And
Gynecology, 54(4), 675-684. doi: 10.1097/grf.0b013e3182353c98
Doyle, C., Ewald, H., & Ewald, P. (2007). Premenstrual Syndrome: An Evolutionary Perspective
on Its Causes and Treatment. Perspectives In Biology And Medicine, 50(2), 181-202. doi:
10.1353/pbm.2007.0015
Haugen, D., & Musser, S. (2012). Health care. Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven Press.
Mikacich, J. (2008). Premenstrual Disorders. Postgraduate Obstetrics & Gynecology, 28(24), 1-
5. doi: 10.1097/01.pgo.0000341720.13532.de
O'Brien, P., Rapkin, A., & Schmidt, P. (2007). The premenstrual syndromes. London: Informa
Healthcare.
Rapkin, A., & Akopians, A. (2012). Pathophysiology of premenstrual syndrome and
premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Menopause International, 18(2), 52-59. doi:
10.1258/mi.2012.012014
Sirmans, S., & Pate, K. (2013). Epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of polycystic ovary
syndrome. Clinical Epidemiology, 1. doi: 10.2147/clep.s37559
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