Primary Health Care in Action: Kalumburu Community Case Study

This case study examines the primary health care challenges faced by the Kalumburu community, focusing on the impact of social determinants of health. The assignment analyzes the living conditions, income disparities, and historical factors contributing to poor health outcomes, including child abuse and lack of access to health services. It explores the application of health care principles, such as promoting health services and organizing health education programs, to improve community well-being. The study further investigates the role of National Health Priority Areas in addressing health disparities and the importance of cultural competence and safety in developing effective health programs like the CIRCLE project. The conclusion emphasizes the significant influence of social determinants on health and the necessity of culturally sensitive approaches to improve community health outcomes.

Primary Health Care In Action
Case Study

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION:..........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY:.................................................................................................................................1
Question 1...................................................................................................................................1
Question 2...................................................................................................................................2
Question 3...................................................................................................................................2
Question 4...................................................................................................................................3
CONCLUSION:...............................................................................................................................4
REFERENCES:...............................................................................................................................5

INTRODUCTION:
It is very important to for country to focus on its health status. It is because it helps in
determining what is the health status of people in society. The social determinants of health
shows that what services or facilities are been provided to people (Duckett & Willcox, 2015). It
shows what are the factors that is affecting health of a particular society. By this t becomes easy
to identify impact of factors on health of children and people. Also, it helps in taking effective
measures to improve that. In this assignment it is shown that how social determinant can impact
a society. Moreover, it is shown that by using cultural competence and safety concepts in
developing a program people can be educated about health related issues.
MAIN BODY:
Question 1
This social determinant of health describe the condition or environment in which a
society lives (Wakerman & Jones, 2017). It includes conditions in which people live, work,
grow, etc. along with this, it includes distribution of money, income level of people, resources,
etc. These conditions are responsible for inequalities among health of people (Social
determinants of health, 2018). It can be observed in communities, countries, etc. they usually
show health status of people. In the video it is shown that people living in Kalumburu
community are suffering from health problems. They are not having proper health and wellness.
The children are been grown in poor environment. Men are not having proper source of income.
Due to child abuse people do not communicate with each other. They do not allow their children
to play with others and send them to school (Banfield & Dawda, 2017). The two social
determinant of health given in this video are :-
 Firstly, people in this region is not having proper distribution of income and resources.
This is the main reason health status of people is been very low. Besides this, they are not
enough educated therefore they do not know about health. Apart from this, there has a lot
of child abuse crimes done by people. It is because people do not have enough money to
fulfil their needs. Therefore, they do this crime in order to get money.

 Secondly, the conditions in which they are living is very harsh and poor. There is no
proper infrastructure of providing primary health facilities to people. Besides this,
government has not taken any step to provide basic services to people. Along with this,
the history of people is also affected by crimes such as child abuse. Thus, they do not
interact with each other (Mossialos & Sketris, 2015). This shows there has been lack of
trust among them. This social determinant has given need for starting this project.
Hence, it is concluded that due to poor conditions and lack of resources people are not
getting primary health services. It has bounded them to live in harsh conditions. Therefore, the
CIRCLE project was started by Juhi Atikson.
Question 2
In context to video given it is observed that health status of people in very low. The
children growth is been done in adverse conditions. In order to provide primary health services to
people the two health care principles that can be followed are :-
 First of all people should be encouraged to get health services. This can be done by
telling them the benefits of effective health (Osborn & Sarnak, 2015) It will be useful in
making them aware of how health services can be used for growth and development of
children. It will help in promoting health and wellness. Also, it will reduce the chances of
injury and illness. Besides this, it will help in providing health care to community.
 The second thing that can be done is organising workshops and campaigns related to
benefits of having a good health. It will educate children and people to know about
creating a healthy and better environment (Baum & Javanparast, 2016). By this, it will
easy to determine the effectiveness of health programs that are been done. Furthermore, it
will easy to provide basic knowledge of education to people.
Thus, it is cleared that principles guided in this project are related to providing educare
to people. This is done to ensure that different community people get equal health services.

Question 3
The National Health Priority Area that will have an impact on will be primary health
service. Government will focus on providing basic health services to people. They will identify
areas where health conditions are relatively poor and people are not able to get basic services.
This will enable them to increase their range and improving quality of health (Powell Davies &
McDonald, 2017).
The organising of such programs and campaigns will have a great impact on health status
of people. It will help them to know why children are been abused. What are reasons of this and
how it can be prevented. Moreover, it will lead to educare or educating them about proper and
effective health services. By communicating together people will find out solutions regarding
problems. This will motivate them to help each other and improve conditions. This will create a
healthy and positive environment within society. Also, it will lead to provide better quality health
services to people. Children will learn different things about health. Parents will get to know how
they can use resources in growth and development of their children (McLachlan, Harvey &
Newman, 2017). It will result in reduction of child abuse and sexual assault. Community healing
will create a base through which people will communicate with each other regarding various
problems.
In the future, it will lead to awareness among people and they will let their children to go
to school. By this growth and development of children will be quick. Providing educare to
people will be boosted. There will be very few chances of having poor health of people. The
environment of surrounding in which society exist will be improved. There will be equal
distribution of resources among people (Duckett & Willcox, 2015). This will also give a proper
source of income. By this people will be able to get primary health services. Moreover, there
will be positive impact of educare on people as well as society. This will make health
determinants better leading to healthy environment.
Question 4
It is very important to have cultural competence and safety in the society. These both play
a vital role in developing program like educare. It is because it creates a platform for these

programs to be held. Cultural competence means ability of organisation to deliver health services
to people. It helps them to meet their social, cultural and linguistic needs. Also, cultural
competence helps in improving quality of care by giving effective health outcomes (Wakerman
& Jones, 2017). On the other hand cultural safety means ensuring that people respect each other
culture and ethics. In this people have to respect social differences that occurs in provision of
health and education services. So while developing a program like CIRCLE in given video. It is
very essential to consider cultural safety and competence. These both helps in giving health
services to people who are having very poor health conditions. Also, it provides
For example - In given video it both these concepts are been used. It shows how Gnidy
university is able to provide health services to kalumburu community. They have used concept in
which they are using mango tree to gather people of different community. Also, they spread
water around in a circle that is a sign of safety (Banfield & Dawda, 2017). So this ensures
people that they are safe in that circle. Besides this, they have called people of different culture
so that they know each other culture and ethics. This has helped young people to discuss
problems and issues. By doing this they can find solutions that will help in improving societal
problems. Also, it has allowed children to play with each other. With this it will be easy to create
a healthy environment within community.
CONCLUSION:
From this report it is concluded that social determinants of health have a great impact on
people. They affect a particular society and people. This social determinant of health describe the
condition or environment in which a society lives. It includes conditions in which people live,
work, grow, etc. It is very important to have cultural competence and safety in the society.
Cultural competence means ability of organisation to deliver health services to people. Cultural
competence helps in improving quality of care by giving effective health outcomes. By providing
educare to people of kalumburu community, their health status can be improved.

REFERENCES:
Books and Journals :
Banfield, M. & Dawda, P. (2017). Experiencing integration: a qualitative pilot study of
consumer and provider experiences of integrated primary health care in Australia. BMC
family practice, 18(1), 2. Retrieved from
https://bmcfampract.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12875-016-0575-z
Baum, F. & Javanparast, S. (2016). Comprehensive primary health care under neo-liberalism in
Australia. Social Science & Medicine, 168, 43-52. Retrieved from
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953616305056
Duckett, S., & Willcox, S. (2015). The Australian health care system (No. Ed. 5). Oxford
University Press. Retrieved from
https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20173279780
McLachlan, S., Harvey, A., & Newman, J. (2017). Delivering an integrated system of care in
Western New South Wales, Australia. International Journal of Integrated Care, 17(3).
Retrieved from https://ijic.ubiquitypress.com/articles/abstract/10.5334/ijic.3145/
Mossialos, E. & Sketris, I. (2015). From “retailers” to health care providers: transforming the
role of community pharmacists in chronic disease management. Health Policy, 119(5),
628-639. Retrieved from http://www.healthpolicyjrnl.com/article/S0168-8510(15)00041-
X/abstract
Osborn, R. & Sarnak, D. O. (2015). Primary care physicians in ten countries report challenges
caring for patients with complex health needs. Health Affairs, 34(12), 2104-2112.
Retrieved from http://www.healthaffairs.org/doi/abs/10.1377/hlthaff.2015.1018
Powell Davies, G. & McDonald, J. (2017). Coordination of care within primary health care and
with other sectors: a systematic review. Retrieved from
https://openresearchrepository.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/119231

Wakerman, J. & Jones, J. (2017). A systematic review of primary health care delivery models in
rural and remote Australia 1993-2006. Retrieved from https://openresearch-
repository.anu.edu.au/handle/1885/119218
Online:
Social determinants of health, 2018. [Online] Available Through :
<http://www.who.int/social_determinants/en/>