Detailed Climate Analysis: Impacts and Solutions for Prince George, BC

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of climate change impacts on Prince George, British Columbia, examining annual and seasonal temperature variations, precipitation patterns, and the influence of solar radiation. It details historical temperature increases, precipitation changes, and natural climate variability, comparing Prince George to other regions. The report includes an analysis of seasonal statistics, highlighting temperature extremes in winter and summer, and discusses the effects of climate change on water resources, agriculture, tourism, transportation, and health. Graphs illustrating mean seasonal temperatures and radiation levels are presented, along with a discussion of climatology and potential solutions to mitigate climate impacts. Desklib offers students access to similar reports and solved assignments for academic support.

Running Head: PRINCE GEORGE
Climate Impact on Prince George
Name of the Student
Name of the University

1PRINCE GEORGE
Table of Contents
a. Introduction................................................................................................................2
b. Annual Statistics..............................................................................................................3
c. Seasonal Statistics............................................................................................................9
d. Graphs............................................................................................................................10
e. Climatology....................................................................................................................13
f. Climate Impacts and Solutions.......................................................................................15
g. Conclusion.....................................................................................................................16
Works Cited.......................................................................................................................17

2PRINCE GEORGE
a. Introduction
Climatic change has been affecting ecosystems and resources of humans depend on these
impacts can be projected for increasing systems. Several managers and stakeholders in local
areas have been adapting these changes in the environment. Sectors in the Prince Georgia BC
have been affected by the climatic change including water resources, agriculture, tourism,
transportation and health (Akerlof, Karen et al.). There have been huge change in the climate of
the area due to various factors that have been discussed in the report. This report has been
discussing about the average temperature and rain season in the area. There have been various
changes in the climate over the last century. The change in the temperature has been recorded as
increment by 1.0°C and 2.5°C throughout the region. The annual day-time high temperatures
have been increased between 0.5°C and 1.5°C (Alagidede, Paul, George Adu, and Prince Boakye
Frimpong). Seasonal trends of minimum temperature increases of as much as 3.5°C were
detected in the winter and spring in Northern BC. However, Global temperatures have been
increased during the 21st century by 1.1°C to 6.4°C depending on the globe level for future
greenhouse gas emission. Precipitation in the region has been increased in the 20th century in BC.
Annual precipitation has been increased by 22%. However, the beginning of the century has been
experiencing increase in the northern interior reigns in BC. With the change in climate, natural
variability has been occurring in decade time scales can be prevalent in the northern region.
Climatic variability has been focusing on the climate and individual weather events.
Variability has been caused by natural internal processes within the climate system. There are
various mechanism that has been redistribute heat and movement of the atmospheric and
hydrological system of the Earth (Blewett, Jessica, and Neil Hanlon). Climatic change focuses on

3PRINCE GEORGE
the change in the climate over an extended period including several decades to century. It
includes changes in measures of climatic changes including average of daily, monthly, seasonal
and annual temperature on Earth’s surface. However, climatic changes can be caused by both
natural and manual processes with the system of climate. The ecological cycle in the
environment have been changed with time period in the region. The term climate variability and
climatic change have not been interchangeable in terms of climate and weather.
Prince George is a city with population of 77,000 in north-central British Columbia. The
city is located in the Fraser-Fort Regional District that covers land area 316 km2. It has been
located in geographical center of British Columbia: 786 km north of Vancouver and 739 km west
of Edmonton, Alberta, at 53°53′ north latitude 122°40′ west longitude (Drolet, Julie Lynne, and
Tiffany Sampson). The City lies in the middle of the Sub-Boreal Spruce bio geoclimate zone that
has been continental climate with extreme hot and cold weather.
b. Annual Statistics
Climatic elements have been influenced by the large scale and local controls. Various
temporal and partial variations in the solar radiation have been key determents in the temperature
change I the Prince Georgia. Variation in the net radiations of mirror variation have been
calculated in the report. The change in the temperature has been reported in the report.
Jun
e July Aug
Sep
t Oct Nov Dec
Average
Temperature
Deviation
s
Cumulativ
e
Deviation
-
99.9 24.7 23.3 18.7 10.8 -2.2 -2.7 -37.4 -48.3 -48.3
19.3 21.7 19.4 17.5 10.2 5 0.6 11.8 0.9 -47.4
21 22.9 19.9 17.2 13.1 2.4 -6.4 12.5 1.6 -45.8
18.3 23 23.7 15.5 9.6 -2.7 -2.8 11.6 0.7 -45.1
19.8 20.2 23 17.6 8.4 -2.4 -3.1 12.1 1.2 -43.9

4PRINCE GEORGE
18.3 20.3 19.2 17.1 10.6 1.2 0.3 12.1 1.2 -42.7
23.4 20.8 19.3 15.4 9.9 2.3 -8 10.9 0.1 -42.7
17.9 20.3 19.1 17.7 7.6 7.7 -8.1 10.7 -0.2 -42.9
23.6 22.3 19.7 19.3 7.8 -5.2 -1.2 10.0 -0.9 -43.8
19.9 23.5 21 17 6.2 1.2 -8.8 10.3 -0.6 -44.4
17.7 22.4 22 17.9 13 2.5 -0.9 12.1 1.2 -43.2
18.9 21.8 21 16.5 11.8 5.7 0.2 12.4 1.5 -41.8
18.3 19.7 20.1 15.7 9.1 6.8 -0.6 10.7 -0.2 -42.0
19.3 21.3 18.8 16.8 8.2 -8.4 -11.9 9.0 -1.9 -43.8
17 23.3 21.8 16.5 7.2 1.8 -3.1 10.6 -0.3 -44.2
19.3 19 18.6 19.2 7.6 2.8 -0.4 10.8 -0.1 -44.3
24.6 26.6 21.9 14 11 0.3 -2.3 13.0 2.1 -42.2
19.2 21.8 17.1 13.6 8.1 -0.4 1.1 10.8 -0.1 -42.3
17.9 23.9 19.4 16.6 10.6 1.4 -2.6 11.6 0.7 -41.5
22.4 25 25.4 13.9 8.1 -1.8 -5.4 12.3 1.4 -40.1
18.6 22.8 19.6 16.8 10 4.8 -0.2 11.8 0.9 -39.2
19.3 20.8 22.7 17.4 11.2 0.1 -1.8 12.2 1.3 -38.0
19.2 19.8 18.3 13.7 10.5 -1.4 -11.4 10.4 -0.5 -38.5
19.9 23.6 23 15.4 11.2 -0.3 -3.7 11.5 0.6 -37.9
17.8 21.2 19.7 16.8 8.7 -2.2 -2.1 10.8 -0.1 -38.0
22.4 21.6 25.1 18.6 9.1 2.5 -4.6 12.1 1.2 -36.8
17.6 22.4 19.3 14.8 8.9 3.1 -9.7 10.9 0.0 -36.7
24.2 22.1 18.7 14.9 9.7 5.6 0.8 11.8 0.9 -35.8
21.9 22.3 21.7 14.2 10.6 -1.9 -7.1 11.1 0.2 -35.6
18.5 22.8 23.2 14.2 8.4 2.8 -10.3 11.1 0.2 -35.4
18.8 20.6 21.4 13.2 8.8 1.6 -6.5 10.3 -0.6 -36.0
17.4 21.5 19.9 15.1 7.5 -5.4 -2.2 10.9 0.0 -36.0
19.6 19.9 22.6 17.9 10.4 1.3 0.6 11.7 0.8 -35.2
18.1 23.3 17.6 17.6 9 0.2 -1.9 10.7 -0.2 -35.5
16.5 19.5 19.2 17 8.8 2.4 0.1 11.5 0.6 -34.9
19.6 20.3 22.5 13.9 9.9 -0.7 -10.2 11.5 0.6 -34.3
22 24.8 20.8 14.6 11.2 -1.7 -6.5 11.4 0.5 -33.8
18.8 23.6 24.2 18.7 11.3 1.2 -1.2 11.3 0.4 -33.4
19.7 20.1 18.7 15.4 11.2 4.5 -4.5 11.6 0.7 -32.7
16.9 22.8 25.8 17.8 10.3 4.7 -4.9 13.1 2.2 -30.5
24.7 22.1 19.3 17.3 10.4 -2 -2.9 10.5 -0.4 -30.9
17.8 20.5 21.3 13.9 9.6 3 -12.1 11.8 0.9 -30.1
18.1 22 21 13.4 6.1 -1.1 -10.3 11.2 0.3 -29.8
19.5 25.3 21.6 13.8 7.4 -11 -3.9 10.8 -0.1 -29.9
20.3 20.6 23.7 14.6 12.8 -0.6 -1.8 12.3 1.4 -28.5
21.7 23.5 19.9 19.6 11.8 4.3 -1 13.7 2.8 -25.7
19 20.7 21.4 16.8 12.1 3.1 -2.9 12.1 1.2 -24.6
21.4 23 22.2 18.8 10.2 2.9 -0.1 12.1 1.3 -23.3

5PRINCE GEORGE
19.3 24.1 23.8 19.8 7.5 -1 -7 11.9 1.0 -22.3
19.1 21.7 23.9 17.6 7.1 2.8 1.9 12.5 1.6 -20.7
23.3 24 23.3 12.9 9.2 2.1 -7 13.1 2.2 -18.5
18.5 20.6 21.4 18.9 9.8 0.9 0.5 12.1 1.2 -17.3
19.6 23.3 24.5 17.9 9.1 0.4 -2.5 12.3 1.4 -15.8
21.5 21.2 18.4 20.8 8.3 0.3 -5.7 11.8 0.9 -14.9
17.9 22 20.8 14.6 7.8 -4 -9.7 9.6 -1.3 -16.2
19.5 22 23.2 18.3 7.9 0.6 1.1 12.3 1.4 -14.8
21.2 25.4 22.7 17.7 9.7 1.9 -3.4 13.2 2.4 -12.5
18.5 21 22.1 16.1 10.9 3.9 0.2 12.6 1.7 -10.7
19.5 21.4 19.5 15.3 9 1.9 -4.4 11.1 0.2 -10.5
18.2 20.4 22 17.3 8.9 3.2 -3.9 11.8 0.9 -9.6
21.6 21.9 21.9 14.5 8.2 3.7 0.2 11.6 0.8 -8.9
21.3 22.8 21.9 16.1 10.7 -0.4 -0.1 12.1 1.2 -7.6
22.9 23.4 23.1 14.3 9.3 2.4 -2 12.8 1.9 -5.7
20.4 19.7 21.4 15.4 9.9 2.7 -2.1 12.8 1.9 -3.8
22.3 24.2 21.7 18.8 8.8 -2.6 1 13.1 2.2 -1.6
20.4 24.1 20.1 16 9.9 0.9 -6.6 11.8 0.9 -0.7
19.5 21.8 21.6 16.8 9.8 4.3 -7.7 11.6 0.7 0.0
The table describes about the seasonal change in the temperature in the Prince Georgia
BC.
Figure 1: Mean global solar radiation and net radiation for Prince George

6PRINCE GEORGE
Figure 2: Mean global solar radiation and net radiation for Fort Nelson
Negative values of net radiation has been occurring from October through February at
Fort Nelson and November through February at Prince George. These negative values probably
occur as a result of a combination of low solar and long wave radiation inputs and high surface
albedos as a result of snow. January albedos are estimated to be approximately 45% at Prince
George and 55% at Fort Nelson (Groulx, Mark et al.). Temporal variations in solar and net
radiation values observed for Prince George and Fort Nelson are believed to be representative of
patterns across the region.
Various stations in this region experience greater extremes in temperatures compared to
their coastal counterparts. These extremes result from their interior location and their location in
the lee of the Coast Mountain Range which acts as a barrier to the moderating influence of the
ocean (maritime influence). For example, the normal mean January temperatures for Prince
Rupert and Prince George (at approximately the same latitude) are 0.8° C and -9.9° C
respectively. The normal mean temperatures for August (Prince Rupert) and July (Prince

7PRINCE GEORGE
George), the warmest months, are 13.3° C and 15.3° C respectively. Temperature range for
Prince Rupert is 12.5° C and for Prince George it is 25.2° C (Hong, Kris et al.).
Temperature data has been provided in the tables. Data have been normal for the period
1961-1990. Mean annual temperature has been decreasing with increasing latitude and elevation.
At Fort Nelson (most northerly location) it is -1.1° C. For Williams Lake (most southerly
location) it is 4.1° C, and at Barkerville (highest elevation) it is 1.7° C. In addition to the latitude
factor, lower temperatures in the northern part of the region are a result of the longer duration of
Arctic air over this area. On an annual basis, Dease Lake, Fort Nelson, and Barkerville rank as
the three coldest locations. Quesnel (4.9° C) is typically the warmest location.
Long Term Mean Annual
Temperature
11.6256
4
c. Seasonal Statistics
The standard deviation in the seasons in the region has been provided below:
Winter: December–February
Spring: March–May
Summer: June–August
Fall: September–November
Winter (December-February): Seasonal variations in mean temperatures has been
generally reflecting patterns of solar and net radiations. IT has been the coldest seasons in the

8PRINCE GEORGE
region. The temperatures have been lowest in these month duration (Kushner Paul et al.). The
temperatures in January have been lowest in the northeast sector with -22° C and highest in the
south with -8.7° C. The cold air flow has been has been creating cold anticyclones.
Summer (June-August): Summer has been the warmest season with July being warmest
month. The temperature used to get increased to 16.7° C. There have been temporal and spatial
distribution in the extreme summer temperatures. The temperature used to get increased by 33.7°
C.
Spring (March-May) and Fall (September-November): Mean temperatures in spring
and fall have been intermediate between winter and summers. The temperatures in the April and
October have been lowest in these seasons. The temperature use to be 5.7° C in October.
Extreme maximum temperatures in spring occur in May and range between 31.5° C at
Barkerville to 36.5° C at Quesnel. Extremes in the Fall occur in September and vary between
28.9° C at Dease Lake to 36.1° C at Quesnel (Lamers, Patrick, et al).
Long Term Mean Seasonal
Temperatures
S
pring
S
ummer
F
all
W
inter
1
0.5
2
1.1
8
.9
-
3.4

9PRINCE GEORGE
d. Graphs
Spring Summer Fall Winter
-5.0
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
Mean Seasonal Temperature
Figure 3: Mean Seasonal temperature
(Source: Created by Author)
June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec
Average
Temperature
19.3 21.7 19.4 17.5 10.2 5 0.6 11.8
21 22.9 19.9 17.2 13.1 2.4 -6.4 12.5
18.3 23 23.7 15.5 9.6 -2.7 -2.8 11.6
19.8 20.2 23 17.6 8.4 -2.4 -3.1 12.1
18.3 20.3 19.2 17.1 10.6 1.2 0.3 12.1
23.4 20.8 19.3 15.4 9.9 2.3 -8 10.9
17.9 20.3 19.1 17.7 7.6 7.7 -8.1 10.7
23.6 22.3 19.7 19.3 7.8 -5.2 -1.2 10.0
19.9 23.5 21 17 6.2 1.2 -8.8 10.3
17.7 22.4 22 17.9 13 2.5 -0.9 12.1
18.9 21.8 21 16.5 11.8 5.7 0.2 12.4
18.3 19.7 20.1 15.7 9.1 6.8 -0.6 10.7
19.3 21.3 18.8 16.8 8.2 -8.4 -11.9 9.0
17 23.3 21.8 16.5 7.2 1.8 -3.1 10.6
19.3 19 18.6 19.2 7.6 2.8 -0.4 10.8
24.6 26.6 21.9 14 11 0.3 -2.3 13.0
19.2 21.8 17.1 13.6 8.1 -0.4 1.1 10.8
17.9 23.9 19.4 16.6 10.6 1.4 -2.6 11.6

10PRINCE GEORGE
22.4 25 25.4 13.9 8.1 -1.8 -5.4 12.3
18.6 22.8 19.6 16.8 10 4.8 -0.2 11.8
19.3 20.8 22.7 17.4 11.2 0.1 -1.8 12.2
19.2 19.8 18.3 13.7 10.5 -1.4 -11.4 10.4
19.9 23.6 23 15.4 11.2 -0.3 -3.7 11.5
17.8 21.2 19.7 16.8 8.7 -2.2 -2.1 10.8
22.4 21.6 25.1 18.6 9.1 2.5 -4.6 12.1
17.6 22.4 19.3 14.8 8.9 3.1 -9.7 10.9
24.2 22.1 18.7 14.9 9.7 5.6 0.8 11.8
21.9 22.3 21.7 14.2 10.6 -1.9 -7.1 11.1
18.5 22.8 23.2 14.2 8.4 2.8 -10.3 11.1
18.8 20.6 21.4 13.2 8.8 1.6 -6.5 10.3
17.4 21.5 19.9 15.1 7.5 -5.4 -2.2 10.9
19.6 19.9 22.6 17.9 10.4 1.3 0.6 11.7
18.1 23.3 17.6 17.6 9 0.2 -1.9 10.7
16.5 19.5 19.2 17 8.8 2.4 0.1 11.5
19.6 20.3 22.5 13.9 9.9 -0.7 -10.2 11.5
22 24.8 20.8 14.6 11.2 -1.7 -6.5 11.4
18.8 23.6 24.2 18.7 11.3 1.2 -1.2 11.3
19.7 20.1 18.7 15.4 11.2 4.5 -4.5 11.6
16.9 22.8 25.8 17.8 10.3 4.7 -4.9 13.1
24.7 22.1 19.3 17.3 10.4 -2 -2.9 10.5
17.8 20.5 21.3 13.9 9.6 3 -12.1 11.8
18.1 22 21 13.4 6.1 -1.1 -10.3 11.2
19.5 25.3 21.6 13.8 7.4 -11 -3.9 10.8
20.3 20.6 23.7 14.6 12.8 -0.6 -1.8 12.3
21.7 23.5 19.9 19.6 11.8 4.3 -1 13.7
19 20.7 21.4 16.8 12.1 3.1 -2.9 12.1
21.4 23 22.2 18.8 10.2 2.9 -0.1 12.1
19.3 24.1 23.8 19.8 7.5 -1 -7 11.9
19.1 21.7 23.9 17.6 7.1 2.8 1.9 12.5
23.3 24 23.3 12.9 9.2 2.1 -7 13.1
18.5 20.6 21.4 18.9 9.8 0.9 0.5 12.1
19.6 23.3 24.5 17.9 9.1 0.4 -2.5 12.3
21.5 21.2 18.4 20.8 8.3 0.3 -5.7 11.8
17.9 22 20.8 14.6 7.8 -4 -9.7 9.6
19.5 22 23.2 18.3 7.9 0.6 1.1 12.3
21.2 25.4 22.7 17.7 9.7 1.9 -3.4 13.2
18.5 21 22.1 16.1 10.9 3.9 0.2 12.6
19.5 21.4 19.5 15.3 9 1.9 -4.4 11.1
18.2 20.4 22 17.3 8.9 3.2 -3.9 11.8
21.6 21.9 21.9 14.5 8.2 3.7 0.2 11.6
21.3 22.8 21.9 16.1 10.7 -0.4 -0.1 12.1

11PRINCE GEORGE
22.9 23.4 23.1 14.3 9.3 2.4 -2 12.8
20.4 19.7 21.4 15.4 9.9 2.7 -2.1 12.8
22.3 24.2 21.7 18.8 8.8 -2.6 1 13.1
20.4 24.1 20.1 16 9.9 0.9 -6.6 11.8
19.5 21.8 21.6 16.8 9.8 4.3 -7.7 11.6
1943
1946
1949
1952
1955
1958
1961
1964
1967
1970
1973
1976
1979
1982
1985
1988
1991
1994
1997
2000
2003
2006
-30.0
-25.0
-20.0
-15.0
-10.0
-5.0
0.0
5.0
10.0
Cumulative Seasonal Deviations
Cumulative Spring Deviation Cumulative Summer Deviation
Cumulative Fall Deviation Cumulative Winter Deviation
Figure 4: Cumulative Seasonal Deviations
(Source: Created by Author)
1943
1946
1949
1952
1955
1958
1961
1964
1967
1970
1973
1976
1979
1982
1985
1988
1991
1994
1997
2000
2003
2006
-30.0
-25.0
-20.0
-15.0
-10.0
-5.0
0.0
5.0
10.0
Cumulative Fall and Winter Deviations
Cumulative Fall Deviation Cumulative Winter Deviation