Report on the Aetiology, Prevention and Management of Oral Diseases

This report delves into the multifaceted world of oral disease management, commencing with an exploration of the aetiology of dental caries and periodontal disease, including the role of bacterial plaque and host susceptibility. It then moves on to discuss the progression of these diseases and the development of plaque. The report includes a table detailing oral health techniques and prevention methods, such as fluoride supplements, disclosing tablets, and interdental aids. It also addresses the effects of smoking and sun exposure on oral health, along with social factors influencing oral health. The report provides a comparative analysis of verbal and non-verbal communication methods. Further, it lists various dental equipment and materials used in different procedures. It also details the matrix system, impression materials, and the importance of information sheets for patients. The report also provides an overview of different prosthetic methods like crowns, veneers, and dentures. It discusses the purpose of pre-prosthetic surgery and the significance of dental technicians. The report also covers endodontic procedures like pulpotomy and pulpectomy, including their associated risks and benefits. Finally, it examines the role of a dental nurse in various procedures and provides information on pre and post-operative instructions. The report is well-referenced with a list of books, journals, and online resources.

PRINCIPLE OF
MANAGING ORAL
DISEASE

Table of Contents
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1. Aetiology of dental caries and periodontal disease.................................................................1
2. Description..............................................................................................................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................1
1. Completion of table.................................................................................................................1
2. Effect of smoking....................................................................................................................2
3. Effect of excessive sun exposure of lips on oral health .........................................................2
4. Social factors...........................................................................................................................2
5. Difference................................................................................................................................2
6. Forms of fluoride ....................................................................................................................3
TASK 3 ...........................................................................................................................................3
1. List of different equipments....................................................................................................3
2. Examples ................................................................................................................................3
3. Matrix system .........................................................................................................................3
4. Impression material ................................................................................................................3
5. Information sheet....................................................................................................................4
6. Equipments and medicaments.................................................................................................4
TASK 4 ...........................................................................................................................................4
1. Different method.....................................................................................................................4
2. Table........................................................................................................................................4
3. Complete and partial removal prosthesis................................................................................4
4. Following used........................................................................................................................5
5. Purpose....................................................................................................................................5
6. Occlusion registration.............................................................................................................5
7. Importance of dental technician..............................................................................................5
TASK 5............................................................................................................................................5
1. Procedure.................................................................................................................................5
2. Explain....................................................................................................................................5
TASK 6............................................................................................................................................6

1. Table .......................................................................................................................................6
TASK 7 ...........................................................................................................................................6
1. Role of dental nurse................................................................................................................6
2. Reason of pre/post operative instructions...............................................................................6
3. Information sheet....................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7

TASK 1
1. Aetiology of dental caries and periodontal disease
Dental caries and periodontal diseases occurs in human because of bacterial plague and
susceptible host (Newton and Asimakopoulou, 2015). These bacteria create a metabolic acid in
the mouth due to which sugar breaks down. The diseases can occur because of poor cleaning of
tooth, consuming drinks that contains high sugar and snacking. Symptoms that can be seen in
disease is tooth-ache.
2. Description
Progression of dental caries
This disease is caused by bacteria. They generate metabolic acid in the mouth due to
consumption of sugary substance or drinks. Dental caries stops de mineralisation of tooth-
surface. Disease re-mineralised the surface of tooth (Lamont, Hajishengallisand Jenkinson,
2014).
Progression of periodontal disease
Progression of periodontal disease is because of oral hygiene and predisposition of
genetics. Pain is not caused to patient during initial stage of disorder.
Development and composition of Plague
Infectious disease like Plague is developed by bacteria known as bacterium yersinia
pestis. It can cause pain in chest and shortness in breathe (Bennett, Dolin and Blaser, 2014).
TASK 2
1. Completion of table
Oral health
technique
Prevention of oral disease
Fluoride supplements These supplements helps patients by making recovery in their erupted
teeth.
Disclosing tablets These tablets prevent bacteria to further develop in mouth of patients
Tooth brushing Brushing helps in reducing the plague which is dental.
Interdental aids These aids helps in removing dental caries, periodontal disease and
plague
1

Mouth washes It reduces development of bacteria in mouth that decreases chances of
occurring tooth decay, gingivitis as it contains fluoride.
Dental health
messages
These messages motivate patients to brush twice that reduces
development of bacteria
2. Effect of smoking
Effects of smoking on oral health
Smoking can cause severe damage to oral
health of patients. It can cause problems like
tooth staining, gum disease and tooth loss.
Consuming cigars on regular basis can also
cause cancer.
It also develops staining on teeth because of
presence of nicotine and tar in cigars. Smoking
can make breathe bad.
3. Effect of excessive sun exposure of lips on oral health
(covered in poster)
4. Social factors
Social factors like poor diet, not maintaining oral hygiene, no knowledge and education
related to oral health can lead to various problems like dental caries, periodontal disease. Heavy
consumption of alcohol and cigars can also be one of the factor for hampering of oral health.
5. Difference
Verbal communication Non verbal communication
2

In this type of communication health care
professional can interact face to face with
patients about the disease. Suggestion like
brushing twice a day daily, utilising tooth paste
that contains fluoride can be given verbally
In this health care professional can explain the
signs and symptoms of disease by making
them see pictures or reports so patients can
clearly understand the disorder.
6. Forms of fluoride
Water: Mouth wash, varnishes, mouth rinse
Food: Foams, gel, tooth-paste
Fluoride can be used by patient to reduce the effect of dental problems
TASK 3
1. List of different equipments
Periodontal therapy: Sickle scalers are used to dispose off development of calculus
which is large on tooth surface.
Prevention of dental caries: Dental sealant used to remove dental plague.
Preparation, restoration and finishing of cavities: Alloys are used, to cure denture
Stage of endodontics treatment: Gutta percha is used to fill the cavity (Bennett, Dolin
and Blaser, 2014).
Stage of fixed and removal of orthodontic appliances: Functional appliances are used to
remove braces.
2. Examples
Preventive material: Amalgam advantage is that it is used to fill cavity. It can cause problem in
brain and kidney.
Composite material: Glass ionomore advantage is that it is used for filling deciduous teeth.
Disadvantage is that it can cause bulk fracture in mouth.
Lining material: Calcium advantage is that it is used as pulp capping material. Disadvantage is
that it creates internal root resorption.
3. Matrix system
Sectional matrix system and tofflemire matrix system is used restorative procedures.
These are used to develop temporary wall in order to save the neighbour tooth.
3

4. Impression material
Alginate: It is been stored by compounding them into tablets. It is made calcium sulphate
and potassium alginate.
Putty: It is used as an impression material. It is used to cure dentures. This can be stored
in cool place, dental putty can be used to cure cavity.
5. Information sheet
Dental amalgam is hazardous to health. It can affect brain and the kidney. Mercury
spillage needs to be handled with care, it needs to be disposed properly in the waste amalgam
pot. Patient can manage spillage by using PPE given in kit.
6. Equipments and medicaments
Nerve block: Sterile gloves, drapes and gauze pads.
Infiltration: It is used for minor dental surgery. Equipment used are gloves.
Topical: Medicaments like steroids can be used in this method.
TASK 4
1. Different method
Secondary definition: In this form of cavity preparation tooth is being mechanically
altered so that it comes to proper functioning.
Primary definition: In this form tooth is been restored to remove dental decay.
2. Table
Prostheses Purpose Advantage Disadvantage
Permanent crowns Solve dental problems Damage tooth is been
supported by it.
Crowns are costly
Temporary crowns Support to decayed
teeth
Dental implant is been
covered
Causes infection
Veneer techniques Change the size of
teeth
Effective and efficient Expensive
Implants Artificial tooth placed
to remove periodontal
disease
Easy eating Last only for 5 year
4

Dentures To give appearance to
face
Provides stimulation to
bone
Needs lot of time to
wear
3. Complete and partial removal prosthesis
Impression: Mouth guard, bridges or crowns are been created at this stage.
Bite: At this stage crown will not be altered after the patient bite.
Try-in: PPS is been done at this stage.
Fit: In this fitting of crown is been checked.
4. Following used
Direct adjustment relines: It is been used as a spacer for curing dentures.
Obturators: It is been used as dental retainers.
Tissue conditioners: It restores the health of tissue in dental care.
Additions: Used to fill additional cavity in patient.
5. Purpose
Pre-prosthetic surgery: Purpose of this surgery is to cure dentures.
Tooth preparation: It is been done to cure periodontal disease.
Using spoon dentures: Purpose of this is to enhance digestion and speech of patient.
6. Occlusion registration
It can be taken by T-Scan system and traditional method. Advantage of T-Scan system is
it is an accurate system. Disadvantage is this system is costly.
7. Importance of dental technician
Requirements on the laboratory prescription: It is important as dental technician
corrects dental irregularities.
Materials: Dental technician use materials to cure shallow cuts.
Dental appointments: Provide dental appointments by seeing severity of case
TASK 5
1. Procedure
Pulpotomy: In this at first a cotton pellet is placed for 5-7 days. Then it is sealed with
temporary cement, then base of zoe cement is placed than tooth is been restored.
Pulpectomy: In this the pulp is removed first. It is done when restoration of pulp cannot
be done (Bennett, Dolin and Blaser, 2014).
5

2. Explain
Risk during and after procedure: The risk which is included is temporary and mild pain
in pulpotomy.
Advantages and disadvantages: Advantage is pulpotomy helps in restoration of tooth.
Disadvantage is it can fail at certain times.
When the procedure are done: It is performed when pulp is inflamed and confine to
crown.
TASK 6
1. Table
Procedure Why do we do this Nurse role
Extracting teeth Infected tooth can be removed Educate them on oral hygiene
Extracting roots To remove infection Motivate patient to use mouth
wash
Extracting unerupted teeth Reducing the amount of
removal of bone.
Provide chair side support
Mucoperiosteal flap Helps in tooth extraction Provide support after surgery
Tooth sectioning To remove infected section Educate them on oral hygiene
Bone removal To improve appearance of
remaining tooth.
Help them in overcoming
problem.
TASK 7
1. Role of dental nurse
Skin tone: Dental nurse provides learning and education to patient related to skin tone.
Breathing: They can provide patient with guidance to remove poor breathing by using
mouth wash.
Body language: It can improve by providing them education.
2. Reason of pre/post operative instructions
Post operative instructions like not involving in using cigars and alcohol can be given so
that patient can be healed easily.
6

3. Information sheet
After preventative procedure patient needs to wash or rinse their mouth by warm water to
get cured.
7